81. WHO Director Pledges Polio Eradication By 2005 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/06/27/polio.eradication.reut/index.html

82. Disease Information: Poliomyelitis - Travel Medicine Program - Public Health Age poliomyelitis, or polio, is an acute infectious disease caused by one of three polio mainly affects children under 3 years of age, but can strike older http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/info/polio_e.html

Polio Know before you go! Disease profile Transmission Geographic distribution ... Travel Health Advisories Disease Information Poliomyelitis Updated: July 2005 Know before you go! Infectious diseases not necessarily common in Canada can occur and may even be widespread in other countries. Standards of hygiene and medical care may differ from those at home. Before departure, you should learn about the health conditions in the country or countries you plan to visit, your own risk of disease and the steps you can take to prevent illness. The risk is yours Your risk of acquiring a disease depends on several factors. They include: your age, gender, immunization status and current state of health; your itinerary, duration and style of travel (e.g., first class, adventure) and anticipated travel activities (e.g., animal contact, exposure to fresh water, sexual contact); as well as the local disease situation. Risk assessment consultation The Public Health Agency of Canada strongly recommends that your travel plans include contacting a travel medicine clinic or physician six to eight weeks before departure. Based on your individual risk assessment, a health care professional can determine your need for immunizations and/or preventive medication (prophylaxis) and advise you on precautions to avoid disease. We can help you locate a

83. CNN - CDC Panel Votes For Injected, Not Oral, Polio Vaccine - June 16, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9906/16/polio.vaccine.02/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page CDC panel votes for injected, not oral, polio vaccine POLIO QUICK FACTS Polio , short for poliomyelitis, is a viral infection that may lead to paralysis and death. It is caused by three closely related viruses and is most commonly spread by direct contact with infected individuals. A vaccine developed by Dr. Jonas Salk in the 1950s has virtually eliminated polio from most of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal of global eradication of polio by the year 2000. In 1994, the WHO declared the Americas free of polio. The last case was reported in Peru in 1991. In 1995, 78 percent of children around the world had received at least three doses of polio vaccine in their first year, and half of the world's youngest children were immunized in mass vaccination campaigns.

84. Global Polio Activity: Travel Health Advisory, Travel Medicine Program, Public H The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) continues to monitor reports of poliovirus transmission globally. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/2005/polio050725_e.html

Travel Health Advisory Global Polio Activity Update: July 25, 2005 The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) continues to monitor reports of poliovirus transmission globally. Indonesia As of July 22, 2005, health authorities in Indonesia have confirmed an additional 6 cases of polio in West Java. Between May 02, 2005 and July 22, 2005, Indonesia has recorded a total of 155 cases in the neighbouring districts of Sukabumi, Lebak, Bogor, Cianjur, and Serang in West Java (also known as Jawa Berat); in the Demak district in Central Java (also known as Jawa Tengah); and in the provinces of Banten and Lampung. The viral strain in this outbreak has been confirmed as type-1 and is genetically linked to poliovirus circulating in Nigeria. Indonesia had been polio-free since 1995. As of July 19, 2005, 793 cases of polio have been reported in the following countries: Yemen, Nigeria, Indonesia, Sudan, India, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Niger, Angola, Mali, and Cameroon. Sources: Global Polio Eradication Initiative, World Health Organization (WHO) Polio Poliomyelitis, or polio, is an acute infectious disease caused by one of three gastrointestinal viruses, either polio virus type 1, 2 or 3. The polio virus can attack the nervous system and destroy the nerve cells that activate muscles. As a result, the affected muscles no longer function, and irreversible paralysis can occur. In severe cases, the disease may lead to death. Polio mainly affects children under 3 years of age, but can strike older children and adults as well.

85. ADEP - Association D'Entraide Des Polios Et Handicapés Aider les poliomy©litiques et les autres handicap©s physiques, ainsi que leurs familles, dans les difficult©s de leur vie quotidienne et faciliter la r©insertion sociale des grands handicap©s physiques et plus particuli¨rement ceux qui souffrent d'insuffisance respiratoire. Renseignements pratiques et adresses utiles en France. http://www.orpha.net/associations/ADEP/ADEP.html

ADEP 75014 Paris Fax : 01 45 45 38 63 Objectif Edition de la revue "OXYGENE" adressée aux adhérents de l'association (1986), Service juridique (1994). Communication interne et externe : Mme SANCHEZ, Mme TCHERNIA Information, Conseil et Documentation "OXYGENE", revue trimestrielle diffusée à 17 500 exemplaires. Consultations juridiques Traitement de la douleur Service social Service de Formation Montereau Evry Ville Nouvelle Directrice : Melle MARAFICO Directeur : M. LEFRANC - Résidence "Le Vieux Lavoir" à Puteaux (92) : appartements autonomes avec un encadrement éducatif. - Résidence "Glacière" à Paris (13e) : chambres individuelles pour handicapés moteurs, étudiants ou en formation, et personnes handicapées en difficulté d'insertion (7 chambres) ADEP-ASSISTANCE Directrice : Mme LEROY 7, rue Voltaire - 92800 Puteaux Service d'Auxiliaires de vie 7, rue Voltaire - 92800 Puteaux

86. Medinfo: Polio Vaccination Medinfo s patient information on polio vaccination, which is given, by mouth, to protect (immunise) against polio (or poliomyelitis). http://www.medinfo.co.uk/immunisations/polio.html

Medical information for patients index search health books site map Polio Vaccination As of late 2004, the UK have introduced a combined, 5 part immunisation , which contains diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, and haemophilus influenzae vaccine, given at 2, 3 and 4 months old. A booster is given pre-school but without the haemophilus influenzae, and a further booster containing just the tetanus, diphtheria, and polio between the ages of 13 and 18. As a result the live vaccine described below is no longer used in this country. Polio vaccine is given, by mouth, to protect (immunise) against Polio (or Poliomyelitis). It is usually given at two months, three months and four months, with a reinforcing dose (a booster) before school, usually between 3 and 5 years of age and again, before leaving school, between 15 and 19 years old. Boosters thereafter are not normally necessary, unless travelling to an area where polio is common, or likely to be exposed to people with polio. The Vaccine The vaccine contains live virus particles which have been altered (attenuated), to stop them from producing the effects of the actual disease. The idea is to fool the body's defence system into thinking it is under attack by the virus, and to produce defence mechanisms (antibodies) which will fight off the Polio virus if it is encountered in the future. Three types of poliomyelitis virus (Types 1, 2 and 3) are included in the vaccine. The attenuated virus particles settle in the bowel and the body forms antibodies in the bowel and in the bloodstream.

87. UNICEF - Immunization Plus - Introduction Highlights the efforts for worldwide eradication of polio by UNICEF and its partners. http://www.unicef.org/polio/

Immunization plus Introduction The big picture UNICEF in action Newsline ... What we do Introduction Immunization has achieved real success in the past 20 years, and today vaccines protect nearly three-quarters of the world’s children against major childhood illnesses. Yet, every year, more than 2 million children die from diseases that could have been prevented by inexpensive vaccines. Immunization is essential to save children's lives. It is also an affordable means of protecting whole communities and it reduces poverty. UNICEF uses the opportunity of immunization to deliver other life-saving services, too. This is the “plus” in Immunization plus. At vaccination sessions we may distribute insecticide-treated mosquito nets to help protect families from malaria, or provide Vitamin A supplements, which help children survive when they fall sick. UNICEF is a global leader in vaccine supply, reaching 40 per cent of the world’s children. Immunization is a central part of our commitment to protecting the world’s most vulnerable children. Latest Press release Japan donates US$ 5 million to counter malaria outbreak and spread of polio in Ethiopia Publications State of the World's Vaccines and Immunization Vaccines for Children: Supply at Risk The Africa Malaria Report 2003 Español ... Donate now Search About UNICEF Contact us UN links Legal ... Arabic document.whatWeDoImg.src=whatWeDoImgON;

88. UNICEF - Immunization Plus - Eradicating Polio The United Nations Children s Fund UNICEF - works for children s rights, their survival, development and protection, guided by the Convention on the http://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_polio.html

Immunization plus Introduction The big picture UNICEF in action The Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) ... What we do Eradicating polio GOAL: To assist governments in their efforts to immunize every child against polio until polio transmission has stopped, so that the world can be certified polio-free. STATUS: With only six polio endemic countries left in the world, polio transmission could be stopped by end 2005. The world could then be certified polio-free by end-2008. The Challenge “In the battle to rid the world of polio, we have managed to reach children living in some of the most remote and challenging circumstances imaginable. We must continue this unprecedented effort, using all of our resources to reach the very last child with polio vaccine.” — UNICEF Executive Director, Carol Bellamy. Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious, incurable viral infection of the nervous system which can cause crippling paralysis or even death within hours of infection. At its peak, polio paralyzed and killed up to half a million people every year, before Jonas Salk invented a vaccine in 1955. Once considered a global menace, polio is now mainly a disease of poverty. Spreading through water or food contaminated with human waste, it is particularly devastating in crowded urban slums, where sanitation is poor and children are malnourished and out of reach of basic health services.

89. Warm Springs Polio Survivors Remember FDR CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/04/11/warm.springs.reunion.ap/index.html

90. UNICEF - Immunization Plus - Introduction UN calls for observance of days of security in Sudan during polio vaccination campaign. Publications. State of the World s Vaccines and Immunization http://www.unicef.org/immunization/

Immunization plus Introduction The big picture UNICEF in action Newsline ... What we do Introduction Immunization has achieved real success in the past 20 years, and today vaccines protect nearly three-quarters of the world’s children against major childhood illnesses. Yet, every year, more than 2 million children die from diseases that could have been prevented by inexpensive vaccines. Immunization is essential to save children's lives. It is also an affordable means of protecting whole communities and it reduces poverty. UNICEF uses the opportunity of immunization to deliver other life-saving services, too. This is the “plus” in Immunization plus. At vaccination sessions we may distribute insecticide-treated mosquito nets to help protect families from malaria, or provide Vitamin A supplements, which help children survive when they fall sick. UNICEF is a global leader in vaccine supply, reaching 40 per cent of the world’s children. Immunization is a central part of our commitment to protecting the world’s most vulnerable children. Latest Press release Japan donates US$ 5 million to counter malaria outbreak and spread of polio in Ethiopia Publications State of the World's Vaccines and Immunization Vaccines for Children: Supply at Risk The Africa Malaria Report 2003 Español ... Donate now Search About UNICEF Contact us UN links Legal ... Arabic document.whatWeDoImg.src=whatWeDoImgON;

91. CNN.com - Health - Global Deadline Set To Eradicate Polio By 2005 - September 27 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/09/27/polio.eradication/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Global deadline set to eradicate polio by 2005 UNITED NATIONS (CNN) In the 12 years since an ambitious health initiative was launched to eliminate polio worldwide by the end of the year 2000, there are still some 30 countries to go. "The disease is eradicable," said Ciro de Quadros, director of the division of vaccines and immunizations for the World Health Organization. "We have good vaccine to eradicate the disease (and) all countries are committed."

92. Poliomyelitis poliomyelitis , polio,or infantile paralysis,acute viral infection, Most people who contract polio either exhibit no symptoms or experience only minor http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0839526.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 25, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia poliomyelitis u Pronunciation Key poliomyelitis polio, or infantile paralysis

93. HHRS Resources: Poliomyelitis History Top Featured Resources History of polio in Canada CJ Rutty s polio History History of polio Vaccines poster display from Canada the History of http://www.healthheritageresearch.com/PolioHistory.html

Home Featured Resources History of Polio in Canada C.J. Rutty's Polio History Bibliography ... Other Resources Images: National Archives of Canada (above); US National Library of Medicine (right) Useful Health Heritage Resources Poliomyelitis History Send Useful Link Suggestions and URL corrections to: hhrs@healthheritageresearch.com http://www.healthheritageresearch.com Last Updated: Sept 2, 2005 Polio History News.... September 2 - Canada Post Launches Stamp Celebrating 50th Anniversary of the Salk Polio Vaccine - More info here "Conquering the Crippler: Canada's Role in the Fight Against Polio" 50th Anniversary of Polio Vaccines Exhibit from sanofi pasteur (Connaught Campus), Produced by Christopher Rutty - On Public Display @ TELUS World of Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Aug 18 - 28, 2005 More info here "Toronto's Unknown Polio Soldier," Toronto (Sunday) Star , April 17, 2005, By Rita Daly. The story of Dr Leone N. Farrell, developer of the "Toronto Technique" of large scale poliovirus production, an essential step in the making of the Salk polio vaccine. See the article at thestar.com

94. International Rehabilitation Center For Polio (IRCP) Provides information on medical and rehabilitation services, including polio surviror center. http://www.spauldingrehab.org/body.cfm?id=56

95. All Science News In One Place - UniSci Wild polio virus has been largely confined to South Asia and Africa; They warn that any decision to replace OPV with IPV (inactivated polio vaccine) http://unisci.com/polio.shtml

About UniSci Note to PIO's Why Bylines Last 10 Days Search Archives Tips: Use single word or "phrase in quotes" International Science News Editorials Why Science? Why UniSci? Special Archives Prostate Cancer Polio Vaccinations Nanotechnology Contacts Editor Technical Director UniSci Masthead August 1997 Should Polio Vaccinations End? Experts Still Debating Scientists declared the Western Hemisphere "polio-free" in 1994; two years later, only 4,000 cases were reported worldwide. Wild polio virus has been largely confined to South Asia and Africa; complete eradication of the disease is expected by 2003. As a result, World Health Organization (WHO) officials are now exploring strategies for bringing an end to polio vaccinations. In a "Policy Forum" in the August 8 issue of Science , one pair of scientists at WHO in Geneva and another pair at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York square off on some of the issues involved.

96. Polio Information 1/04, The Role of Routine polio Immunization in the PostCertification Era Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) for polio Vaccine http://www.immunize.org/polio/

Polio Information Home page Table of Contents These links move down to sections of this page: Recommendations Resources These links move to other pages: Journal Articles Photos State Laws Case Histories ... Return to top Recommendations Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/nip/recs/child-schedule.htm Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/nip/recs/adult-schedule.htm Clarification: Vol. 52, No. 10 Source: MMWR, April 25, 2003, Vol. 52(16):379 www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5216a7.htm Notice to Readers: FDA Licensure of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant), and Poliovirus Vaccine Combined, (PEDIARIX(tm)) for Use in Infants Source: MMWR, March 14, 2003, Vol. 52(10):203-4 www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5210a8.htm General Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Source: MMWR, February 8, 2002, Vol. 51(RR02):1-36

97. New Jersey Polio Network Information and news of interest to polio survivors, their families, and the healthcare community. Links, local chapters, and newsletter and conference updates. http://njpolio.org/

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98. Living With Post-Polio Syndrome Medical College of Wisconsin, Living with Postpolio Syndrome, theories, information and a few links. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/996372413.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Physical Medicine/Rehab Infections/Infectious Diseases Neurology By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Living With Post-Polio Syndrome Decades after surviving polio, many individuals are faced with the pain, fatigue and muscle weakness of post-polio syndrome (PPS). PPS is believed to affect 20-40% of the 640,000 polio survivors in the United States, according to the Post-Polio Task Force . People who had more severe cases of polio generally have more severe cases of PPS, as well. There is no cure for PPS, but it is seldom a life-threatening condition. PPS typically affects polio survivors 10 to 40 years after an initial polio attack. In the course of recovery from polio, the body compensates for the loss of nerve cells by sprouting extra nerve endings to restore function to muscles. It is believed that these "axonal sprouts" eventually fail after years of use, resulting in loss of muscle strength, pain and fatigue. In essence, the muscle fiber loses its ability to contract in an efficient manner. This may eventually lead to joint pain and skeletal deformities. But PPS is a "very slowly progressing condition marked by long periods of stability," according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke For example, patients may realize that in years past they could walk long distances, but are now fatigued by walking in the grocery story. Or they have pain or weakness in an area of the body they thought was unaffected by polio. However, not every polio survivor who has aches and pains or experiences fatigue has post-polio syndrome.

99. Post Polio Syndrome Resources - Polio/PPS Information For Polio Survivors. A personal web page with links to polio/PPS and other Disability Information. http://www.ppsr.com/

/* Static Top Menu Script By Constantin Kuznetsov Jr. (GoldenFox@bigfoot.com) Featured on Dynamicdrive.com For full source code and installation instructions to this script, visit Dynamicdrive.com */ P ost P olio S yndrome R esources of Louisiana Carl's Story French German Italian Portuguese Spanish What is post-polio syndrome? What causes PPS? How is PPS diagnosed? How is PPS treated? ... Where can I go for more information? What is post-polio syndrome? Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can strike polio survivors anywhere from 10 to 40 years after recovery from an initial attack of the poliomyelitis virus. PPS is characterized by a further weakening of muscles that were previously injured by polio infection. Symptoms include fatigue, slowly progressive muscle weakness, muscle and joint pain, and muscular atrophy. Some patients experience only minor symptoms, while others develop spinal muscular atrophy or what appears to be, but is not, a form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease. PPS is rarely life-threatening. The extent to which polio survivors will suffer from PPS depends on how seriously they were affected by the first polio attack. Patients who had only minimal symptoms from the original attack and subsequently develop PPS will most likely experience only mild PPS symptoms. People originally hit hard by the polio virus may develop a more severe case of PPS with a greater loss of muscle function, difficulty in swallowing, and more periods of fatigue.

100. March Of Dimes: From Polio To Prematurity Welcome to the March of Dimes polio to Prematurity Web site! The March of Dimes fight for infant health began in 1938 with the effort to eradicate polio and http://www.marchofdimes.com/polio/

/// enter non-flash counterpart here. var noFlashPage = "index_noflash.asp"; Donate, participate, or volunteer. There are many ways to show your support for the March of Dimes ...about the polio era and this commemorative website. Step back into time with a purchase of our commem- orative book, historic photos or notecards. Home ... nacersano.org

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