101. 10301mudgett Model plantpathogen interaction Bacterial speck disease of Arabidopsis. A.Pathogen = Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. bacterium originally isolated from http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb103/01mudgett.htm

Bacterial Pathogenesis MCB 103/PMB 103/SPH 102/SPH 262 Genetic Breeding for Plant Disease Resistance and Introduction to Molecular Genetics of Plant Disease Resistance. Mary Beth Mudgett 241 Koshland Hall mudgett@nature.berkeley.edu I. Historical interest in the mechanisms by which pathogens cause plant disease A. Breeding for plant disease resistance (since the beginning of farming practices) Resistant germplasm identified at geographical origin of species co-evolution of host and pathogen natural variation in host for resistance natural variation in pathogen for virulence Interspecific hybrids and recurrent selection Resistance is usually controlled by single dominant genes Planting resistant varieties selects for virulent pathogens selection for the pathogen to mutate and overcome plant resistance Breeding cycle is repeated to identify resistance B. Early approaches to plant pathology, mostly biochemical. Once it became apparent that fungi and other microorganisms were the causes rather than the result of plant disease, researchers began to understand the mechanisms by which microorganisms cause disease. : DeBary concluded that pathogen produces enzymes and toxins that degrade and kill plant cells from which fungus can then obtain its nutrients : fungal pectic enzymes were reported to play a role in plant disease 1940's : fungal cellulases were finally implicated in plant disease development 1940's-1950's : bacterial and fungal toxins were isolated and their modes of action were elucidated (targets: mitochondria, chloroplasts, plasma membranes

102. Emerging Infectious Diseases Of Plants Caused By Extreme Weather Events And "Pat Emerging infectious diseases of plants pathogen pollution, climate change andagrotechnology drivers. Trends in Ecology Evolution. 19(10)535544. http://www.ewire.com/display.cfm/Wire_ID/2305

HOME ABOUT US CONTACT US SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE ... THE ARCHIVE Search Circuits Energy Conservation Corporate Responsibility Tourism ... Transportation Benefits Distribution List Syndication Partners Global Clients Testimonials ... FAQs E-WIRE PRESS RELEASE E-WIRE PRESS RELEASE E-WIRE PRESS RELEASE Emerging Infectious Diseases of Plants Caused by Extreme Weather Events and "Pathogen Pollution" Florida Hurricanes May Have Spread Plant Disease PALISADES, NEW YORK, Sep. 28 -/E-Wire/ The term "emerging infectious diseases" (EIDs) typically makes people think of HIV/AIDS, Ebola, or SARS. However, in a paper released today in the leading ecology journal Trends in Ecology and Evolution, an international team of researchers led by Wildlife Trust's Consortium for Conservation Medicine has highlighted a series of emerging plant diseases that are devastating crops globally, and impacting humans through agricultural and economic loss. Nikkita Patel, Program Officer for the Consortium for Conservation Medicine, and lead researcher for the group, comments, "The recent spate of extreme weather events in Florida and elsewhere highlights the need to protect crops and wild plants from invasive pathogens that exploit the damaged environments following hurricanes." She notes that the reason these diseases are emerging is because we are changing the environment at such a rapid rate. Ms. Patel adds, "These highly evolved diseases are being given the chance of spreading into new regions, wiping out crops and wild plants as they go. Unless we radically change our approach and provide proper surveillance and control, these diseases have the potential to undermine the basis for our food security in the future."

103. Exercises In Plant Disease Appropriate for graduate level courses in epidemiology or plant disease Measuring Disease and Pathogen Populations; Disease Severity Assessment Training http://www.shopapspress.org/42244.html

Epidemiology Edited by Leonard F. Francl and Deborah A. Neher SCROLL DOWN TO ORDER THIS TITLE. Features include: Practical exercises that offer hands-on learning and career-long reference. Accepted methods of analysis plus new quantitative techniques. Public domain software conveniently compiled on diskette. Example data sets on diskette. Annotated computer code that enables students and scientists to perform state-of-the-art statistical analyses. Consisting of a spiral-bound laboratory manual and four supplementary computer diskettes, this dual-purpose publication is designed as both a student workbook and a stand-alone reference for anyone working in population biology. The manual includes 34 exercises that illustrate major themes and emergent techniques in plant disease epidemiology. Appropriate for graduate level courses in epidemiology or plant disease management, the exercises encourage hands-on learning with a mix of computer and non-computer activities. Readers are guided through problem solving lessons in temporal and spatial analysis, measurement of diseases and pathogens, host-parasite population dynamics, yield loss assessment, and diseases management and prevention. The chapters within each topic include the following standard sections: preparation, introduction, procedure, evaluation, and further reading. Answers for the exercise problems are given in an appendix. The diskettes include hard-to-find public domain software, spreadsheets, example data sets, and annotated computer code that enables users to perform state-of-the-art statistical analyses.

104. Fusarium Yellows, Plant Disease Central Pathogen. affected plants Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend. f. sp. betae (Stewart) Disease symptoms. Older leaves of plants affected by Fusarium yellows http://pdc.unl.edu/sugarbeet/FusariumYellowsAndRootRot/text.htm

Updated: August 20, 2003 Fusarium Yellows Bob Harveson, UNL Extension Specialist Diseases of: Corn Sorghum Wheat Soybean ... E-mail PDC Pathogen: Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend. f. sp. betae (Stewart) Snyd. and Hans. (Fusarium yellows), Fusarium oxysporum Schlectend. f. sp. radicis-betae Disease symptoms: Older leaves of plants affected by Fusarium yellows first show wilting and interveinal chlorosis, followed by newer, younger ones. Leaves ultimately become scorched, dry, and brittle . External root symptoms are not present. However, vascular elements in taproots exhibit a reddish-brown necrosis when viewed in cross-section. Plants regain turgor at night but wilt quickly again during the day, due to vascular elements being blocked with the pathogen. Fusarium root rot also exhibits symptoms that consist of wilting, yellowing and vascular necrosis, but is additionally characterized by a black tip rot at the distal end of the taproot. Often the tip is rotted so severely that only remnants of the vascular elements remain.

105. Plant Pathology When the host plant responds to the presence of the pathogen, a disease exists.The host s response results in symptoms of the disease, such as blight or http://cecalaveras.ucdavis.edu/plant.htm

Plant Pathology The organisms which cause plant disease can destroy crops from the time the seed is put into the ground until the crop is harvested and in storage. Some diseases are capable of totally destroying a crop, while others may cause only cosmetic damage. However, cosmetic damage may be equivalent to total destruction in the case of ornamental plants. A basic understanding of diseases and how they develop will give an appreciation for the complexity of the problem and demonstrate the importance of cultural practices in control of diseases. Plant Diseases in History Certain diseases have had tremendous impacts on our society. Perhaps foremost among these is Phytophthora late blight which caused the potato famine in Ireland (1845 - 1846). As a result, there was widespread famine in northern Europe and more than one and one half million people immigrated to the United States. In 1879, a new disease, downy mildew of grape, was introduced into Europe from the United States, spread rapidly, and threatened to ruin the vineyards of Europe. A mixture of copper sulfate and lime, used initially to deter pilferers, was discovered to control the disease. This discovery became known as "Bordeaux mixture" and stimulated the study of the nature and control of plant diseases. These examples are prominent because they caused so much damage. However, plant diseases cause variable amounts of damage from year to year, depending often on weather patterns. Disease Defined Plant disease is the rule rather than the exception. Every plant has disease problems of one sort or another. Fortunately, plants either tolerate these maladies, or they are not very serious in most years. A plant disease is defined as any alteration (of a plant) that interferes with its normal structure or function and renders it unfit for its normal use. Plant problems may be caused by either living or non-living factors. Living factors are infectious (they spread from plant to plant). These include pathogens (fungi, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses), insects, and other animals. Non-living factors that cause plant problems do not spread from plant to plant. They are caused by chemical, physical, or mechanical factors. Examples of these abiotic factors include nutrient deficiencies and water or temperature stress. One must distinguish between infectious disease, caused by biotic agents, and noninfectious disease (abiotic agents).

106. Graduate Faculty Research Molecular and cellular pathology of human and animal pathogens, parasitology,oxidative stress, Thaddeus B. Stanton, National Animal Disease Center; http://www.micro.iastate.edu/grad/gdfaculty.htm

What's this? Request Information Graduate Study Faculty Research Program Resources Program Requirements Course Descriptions Financial Information ... Iowa State Depts The Faculty and Their Research Milton J. Allison , Animal Science; Bacteriology of the rumen and large intestine, particularly the anaerobic bacteria involved in degrading naturally occurring toxic substances. Robert E. Andrews Jr. , Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology; Mechanisms of bacterial genetic exchange; horizontal genetic change in the environment. Dennis A. Bazylinski , Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Bacterial biogeochemical cycling; marine microbiology; physiology, ecology and genetics of biomineralization by magnetotactic bacteria Gwyn A. Beattie , Plant Pathology; Pathogenesis and ecology of bacterial plant pathogens; genetics and physiology of bacterial stress tolerance and bacterial-plant interactions. Sam Beattie , Food Science and Human Nutrition; Food and agricultural mycology with an emphasis on mycotoxigenic molds; food safety and security issues for food processors and consumers.

107. Microbiology Faculty-Research Rapid molecular detection of foodborne pathogens and food spoilage organisms . Thaddeus B. Stanton, National Animal Disease Center; http://www.micro.iastate.edu/grad/gdfaculty.html

Microbiology Request Information Graduate Study Faculty Research Program Resources Program Requirements Course Descriptions Financial Information ... Outcomes Assessment The Faculty and Their Research Milton J. Allison , Animal Science; Bacteriology of the rumen and large intestine, particularly the anaerobic bacteria involved in degrading naturally occurring toxic substances. Dennis A. Bazylinski , Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Bacterial biogeochemical cycling; marine microbiology; physiology, ecology and genetics of biomineralization by magnetotactic bacteria Gwyn A. Beattie , Plant Pathology; Pathogenesis and ecology of bacterial plant pathogens; genetics and physiology of bacterial stress tolerance and bacterial-plant interactions. Sam Beattie , Food Science and Human Nutrition; Food and agricultural mycology with an emphasis on mycotoxigenic molds; food safety and security issues for food processors and consumers. Jeffrey K. Beetham , Veterinary Pathology and Entomology; Molecular and cellular pathology of human and animal pathogens, parasitology, oxidative stress, and gene regulation. Donald C. Beitz

108. Royal Society | Our Work | Spotlight On Our Scientists | Scientist Profiles Feat Professor Jonathan Jones FRS How plants resist disease Plants and theirpathogens have been involved in a competitive evolutionary battle for many http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1524

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