81. Review Of The Custer Companion: George Armstrong Custer And The Plains Indians W George Armstrong Custer and the plains Indians Wars by Thom Hatch . American studies Resources Centre, Aldham Robarts Centre, Liverpool John Moores http://www.americansc.org.uk/Reviews/Custer.htm

Home Page Online Magazine Forum Book reviews ... Response form The Custer companion : George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indians Wars by Thom Hatch . Stackpole Books, 2002. ISBN hardback , paperback 0811704777. pp 274. List price: Hardback: £0, $0, paperback £0, $29.95. Reviewed by Susan Forsyth, University of Essex Posted 10 February 2005 Each of the nine chapters of The Custer Companion consists of an ‘Overview’ of the chapter’s subject matter, covering between five and ten pages; between four and sixteen ‘Sidebars’ follow, which depict related incidents; and an ‘Epilogue’ of a few pages completes the chapter. Scattered throughout are quotations from Custer’s letters, poetry, books and other, often unspecified, writings. Running down the outer third of the book’s pages are ‘Biographies’ of family members, army officers, Indian agents, American Indians and other parties. Usefully, each of these different sections within the chapters ends with a short bibliography. The stories, myths and questions behind a wide range of both little- and well-known incidents and characters are presented in the text, supported throughout by excellent illustrations – maps of engagements, photographs of colleagues and adversaries, even the music sheet for ‘Garry Owen’. Attention is paid to Custer’s controversial actions as well as to his major achievements during the Civil War and on the Plains in the following years.

82. American History Faculty At KU My interests include the study of institutions and leadership in the us and their Research on the plains Indians; the urban frontier; development of http://www.history.ku.edu/Faculty Geo Fields/American Faculty Page.htm

American History Faculty at the University of Kansas FACULTY STAFF UNDERGRAD PROGRAM ... HISTORY HOME COURSE LISTINGS DONATE TO HISTORY GETTING HERE KU HOME PAGE Faculty and associated faculty in American History at KU include Surendra Bhana, Karl Brooks, Jonathan Earle, Ray Hiner, Paul Kelton, Jeffrey Moran, Rita Napier, Lloyd Sponholtz, Kim Warren, Theodore Wilson, and Donald Worster. Affiliated faculty include David Katzman, Ann Schofield, and William Tuttle. Surendra Bhana Prof. (Ph.D., Kansas 1971). 19th and 20th-century South Africa with special reference to Asians; Asian-American experiences. Publications include, United States and Puerto Rican Status Question Documentary History Setting Down Roots Indentured Indian Emigrants (1991), and Gandhi's Legacy I teach a course entitled Rise and Fall of Apartheid. Having lived in South Africa for over 40 years under this system, the subject has been of great interest to me personally. My teaching brings many personal observations about growing up in South Africa. My knowledge of English, Afrikaans, Gujarati, and some Zulu has been very useful in that experience. It has been an interesting journey in which I have witnessed White supremacy and Black consciousness merge into a multi-racial and democratic South Africa in 1994. My research too has been shaped by my stay in South Africa. It relates to Asian immigrant experiences. While most of my research has involved Asian immigrants in South Africa, I am interested in comparing similar groups in the U.S. and other parts of the world. Asian immigrants from places like China, Japan, and India migrated in significantly large numbers from about 1880 to industrially developed parts of the world or their offshoots. Asians who migrated assimilated yet retained large parts of their ethnic identities. In South Africa, this happened as White supremacy was being established; in the United States exclusion helped to shape ethnic orientations.

83. Native American History - Oklahoma City Today, the area has been preserved for visitors and scientific study as Spiro plains Indians. After the Civil war, many of the lands taken away from the http://www.okccvb.org/special/native_am_history.htm

History of Indians in Oklahoma Before Coronado and his colleagues landed on America's shores, Indians resided in what would become Oklahoma. Remnants of several different hunter-agricultural civilizations have been found in Oklahoma, including a site near Anadarko, where archaeologists discovered the bones of a mammoth and several spear points. Scientists estimate the mammoth was killed more than 11,000 years ago and have identified the spearheads as belonging to an ancient group of hunters known as the Clovis culture. From 500 to 1300 A.D., a group known as the Mound Builders lived in an area just west of the Arkansas/Oklahoma border in LeFlore County. Artifacts left in ceremonial burial site "mounds" show the Mound Builders were highly skilled artisans with a sophisticated economy. By the time explorers discovered the mysterious earthen mounds in the 17th and 18th centuries, the culture centered there was extinct, and the Osage and Quapaw tribes laid claim to the region. Today, the area has been preserved for visitors and scientific study as Spiro Mounds State Park. Osage Osage Indians settled in the rich woodlands of northeastern Oklahoma around 1796. Shortly thereafter, the area became United States property as part of the Louisiana Purchase. When a band of Cherokees settled near the Osage (after voluntarily moving from the East Coast), territorial violence erupted between the two tribes with white settlers caught in the middle.

84. Indian Wars indian Wars, armed conflicts fought between native inhabitants of North America and Wars West of the Mississippi. From the 1840s to the 1880s us forces http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/indianwars.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Angelfire Movie Clips Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Guestbook Indian Wars I. Introduction Indian Wars, armed conflicts fought between native inhabitants of North America and white Europeans, often represented by government forces, during the period of exploration and settlement. For historical and cultural background, see Native Americans , particularly the section European Contact and Impact . The wars were episodic and localized. In virtually every Indian war, some people fought against their traditional Native American enemies. The Native Americans proved vulnerable to diseases previously unknown in the Americas, particularly smallpox, which decimated their population. Their traditional weapons were no match for European firearms, and they had difficulty obtaining effective weapons.

85. "Hair Pipes In Plains Indian Adornment" By John C. Ewers A Study in indian and White Ingenuity Hair pipes worn in breastplates by Southern plains indians at the Medicine Lodge Treaty Council, http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/BAE/Bulletin164/tptoc.htm

Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Hair Pipes in Plains Indian Adornment A Study in Indian and White Ingenuity By John C. Ewers Hairpipe Breastplate Anthropological Papers, No. 50 From Bureau of American Ethnology BULLETIN 164, pp. 29-85, pls. 13-37. United States Government Printing Office, Washington : 1957 Smithsonian Institution Libraries Electronic Edition [p. 31] CONTENTS Foreword The hair pipe Aboriginal prototypes of trade hair pipes 17th-century tubular trade ornaments of glass ... ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES 13. Early forms of tubular trade ornaments [a,b] Glass, (Susquehanna) [c] Brass (Angel Site, Ind.) [d] Silver (Courtesy Ohio State University) 14. Location of the Campbell Brothers' Wampum Factory, Park Ridge, N.J., about 1876 ... 15[b]. The four wampum makers (1886) 16. Tools used in drilling shell hair pipes [a] Early form of simple bow drill [b] Hair-pipe drilling machine 17. Stages in the manufacture of shell hair pipes [a] Unworked Strombus gigas. [b] Section of lip broken off. [c] Pipe roughly blocked out.

86. UNT Libraries: Reference, Art 4072 Plains Indian Art Encyclopedia of American indian Wars E81.K44 1997 American indians, 3 Vols. E76.2A45 1995 The plains indians A Critical Bibliography Z1209.2 .G7 .H64 http://www.library.unt.edu/classes/art/4072PlainsIndian.htm

Art 4072: Plains Indian Art Dr. Andrianne Santina This page is located: http://www.library.unt.edu/classes/art/art_4072PlainsIndian.htm Art Resources Anthropological and Archaeological Resources Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Resources ... How to Find Art Resources Books UNT Library Catalog Search the UNT Library Catalog for books by doing a keyword and or subject search. Indian Art North America is the main subject heading for this topic. Journal Articles Electronic Resources The following electronic resources can be accessed from the UNT Libraries' home page . Choose "Electronic Resources" and from the alphabetical list, choose the first letter of the name of the resource. You will be asked for your eu-id if accessing the resource off campus. Art Abstracts 1984-present Cites and summarizes articles from over 400 art and architecture periodicals published throughout the world, and also provides citations on art reproductions. Subjects include Advertising Art, Antiques, Archaeology, Architecture and Architectural History, Art History, Crafts, Decorative Arts, Folk Art, Graphic Arts, Industrial Design, Interior Design, Landscape Architecture, Motion Pictures, Museology, Non-Western Art, Painting, Photography, Pottery, Sculpture, Television, Textiles Art Index Retrospective This retrospective online database covers the same topics as listed in Art Abstracts (above).

87. Thanksgiving Information Check out the British Civil war of 16211642, Oliver Cromwell, The Wampanoag Indians were not the friendly savages some of us were told about when we http://www.2020tech.com/thanks/temp.html

Thanksgiving Information This material is provided by the Fourth World Documentation Project . A Table of Contents and some name tags have been added by 20/20 Technologies. For more Thanksgiving Links, please visit our Thanksgiving page. Table Of Contents A simple request An introduction for teachers The PLYMOUTH THANKSGIVING STORY More information for teachers A thanksgiving prayer from the Iroquois (Seneca) people About Indian corn Recipes from the Woodland Culture area The story of the corn husk doll Back to Index :: :: Olympia, Wa Fido Net 1:352/333 :: :: 98507-2574 206-786-9629 :: :: USA The Quarto Mundista BBS :: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Back to Index Back to Index Back to Index Back to Index ... Back to Index FTP ftp.halcyon.com /pub/FWDP/CWIS Center For World Indigenous Studies P.O. Box 2574 Olympia, WA U.S.A. 98507-2574 BBS: 206-786-9629 OCR Provided by Caere Corporation's PageKeeper Back to Index

88. Department Of History combat in the Civil war was like, for the officers and the men, and as a study in Calloway s volume provides a view of the plains Indians from their http://www.unc.edu/depts/pwad/syllabi/pwad76.html

Department of History University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill History 68/(Peace, War, and Defense 76) WAR AND AMERICAN SOCIETY TO 1903 Fall 1997, Peabody 104 Richard H. Kohn Monday, Wednesday, Friday 2-2:50 COURSE DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVES History 68 surveys the American military experience from the settlement of the colonies in the early 17th century through the creation of the modern military system of the early 20 th century. The purpose of the course is to introduce students to the military history and experience of the American people: The nature of war and how warfare changed from the introduction of gunpowder to the early 20th century The military challenges and threats, internal and foreign, that Americans faced during these three centuries, how they changed, and how Americans viewed them The military policies and institutions Americans developed to achieve their military goals and defend their society and nation, and how those evolved over time How Americans waged and experienced waron the battlefield, in the highest councils of government, and on the homefront in American communities. By the end of this course, students should be able to understand:

89. Hokanson's United States History From Ocean To Ocean The war between Mexico and the United States was mostly the result of In the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty, plains Indians allowed passage across their land http://www.svjhs.lcsd2.org/nhokanson/socialstudies/history/14.html

Home Notes Tutorials Plan of Study From Ocean to Ocean The Westward Movement Leading the Way West Explorers of the West in the early 1800s include: Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, Zebulon Pike, Stephen Long, and various fur trappers and traders. The Great Plains: The area was explored by Zebulon Pike in 1806 and Stephen Long in 1819. Fur Trappers and Traders: Include Jim Bridger and Jedediah Smith . Manifest Destiny A magazine editor first used the term "manifest destiny" in 1845. Expansionists wanted to expand the land area of the United States. When Americans used the term "manifest destiny" in the 1840s they meant that the United States was certain to expand the country to the Pacific Ocean. The idea was a United States that stretched from ocean to ocean. U.S. citizens wanted access to Pacific coast ports, trade with Asia, and fertile land in Oregon and California. On to Oregon Early Claims Countries that had early claims to Oregon were Great Britain, Russia, Spain, and the United States.

90. Diane Camurat. The American Indian In The Great War: Real And Imagined. Preface. The presence of American Indians in the Great war as symbols interested me What there was enabled me to carry out this study but, even more than that, http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/comment/camurat1.html

The American Indian in the Great War: Real and Imagined By Diane Camurat Master's Thesis submitted in 1993 to the Institut Charles V of the University of Paris VII Preface Meanwhile, I looked for information on the participation of American Indians in World War I but found little. Books dealing with the general history of Native Americans either failed to speak about the subject or dismissed it quickly with a participation figure which varied from one text to the next. The first concrete elements I found seemed only indirectly related to what I was looking for: emblems. The insignia of the Second Division of the American Expeditionary Forces was a Plains Indian head. ) Section One of the American Ambulance Field Service also used a similar motif, as well as the Lafayette Escadrille. Stars and Stripes , the official review of the American Expeditionary Forces, of the "typical" image of Native American soldiers as brave yet primitive warriors. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: THE ROAD TO WWI INTRODUCTION Chapter I.

91. UNK 2004-2006 Catalog/HIST Courses HIST 405/805P The plains Indians - 3 hours Prereq none HIST 458/858P - Great plains studies - 1-3 hours Prereq none http://aaunk.unk.edu/catalogs/current/crshist.htm

calendar general admissions financial information ... faculty HIST Courses Offered by Department of History College of Natural and Social Sciences HIST 156 - Regional Field Study - 1-3 hours Prereq: none Designed to provide students with travel experiences to contribute to their understanding of the history of a particular area of the world. HIST 210GS - Western Civilization - 3 hours Prereq: none A brief survey of ancient Near Eastern civilization, history of Greek and Roman peoples, feudalism, medieval church, crusades, Renaissance and Reformation. HIST 211GS - Western Civilization - 3 hours Prereq: none The Age of Absolute Monarchy, the French Revolution and Napoleon, Age of Nationalism and the two World Wars. HIST 212GS - Non-Western World History - 3 hours Prereq: none A survey of the historical interaction of the specific civilizations which together comprise non-Western world civilization in their intellectual, political, economic, and religious aspects. HIST 215GS - Introduction to Latin America - 3 hours Prereq: none A concise review of the history of Latin America from the Aztec and Inca to contemporary affairs. Designed to introduce the student to highlights of political, social, economic, and cultural themes which have coalesced to distinguish these societies in this important part of the Third World.

92. The Whiskey Trade Of The Northwestern Plains: A Multidisciplinary Study boom phase of the indian trade economy on North America s northwestern plains. The resulting study provides an interesting historical overview of an http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/0105.shtml

The Whiskey Trade of the Northwestern Plains: A Multidisciplinary Study Kennedy, Margaret A. Published by H-Business@eh.net and EH.Net (July, 1998) Margaret A. Kennedy. The Whiskey Trade of the Northwestern Plains: A Multidisciplinary Study . American University Studies, Series IX; History, 0740-0462, vol. 171. New York: Peter Lang, 1997. x + 181 pp. Illustrations, maps, bibliographical references, and index. $39.95 (cloth), ISBN 0-8204-2596-6. Reviewed for H-Business and EH.Net by Steven D. Swearingin, Southern Illinois University (Carbondale) Historical archaeologist Margaret A. Kennedy's The Whiskey Trade of the Northwestern Plains is a short multidisciplinary study which explores the final boom phase of the Indian trade economy on North America's northwestern plains. It focuses on the buffalo robe sector of the fur trade industry, with special emphasis upon "whiskey trade" activities in the Upper Saskatchewan River region of Western Canadajust over the Montana borderfrom 1865 to 1875. Her narrative highlights social aspects and material culture by interrogating archaeological, documentary and oral history records from Euramerican and Amerindian cultures. Kennedy proclaims her study to be an attempt, "among other things, to portray the different attitudes and perceptions held by the numerous and distinct parties who were directly involved or affected by the trade" (p. xviii). The resulting study provides an interesting historical overview of an ephemeral frontier economy precariously balanced between Euramerican settlement and Amerindian independence.

93. Learning Guide University of Virginia Electronic Text Center American Civil war Collections The Contested plains Indians, Goldseekers, and the Rush to Colorado http://www.alllearn.org/er/lg/CivilWarandReconstruction.html

GO GO

94. The Graduate School At NDSU Candidates with two years of foreign language study at the baccalaureate level or who Major topics include the plains indian wars, postconquest indian http://www.ndsu.edu/gradschool/bulletin/d_history.html

HOME BULLETIN RESEARCH GENERAL INFORMATION ... APPLY ONLINE Graduate Faculty Gerald Anderson, Ph.D. University of Iowa, 1973 Field: Modern Britain, Scandinavians in America David B. Danbom, Ph.D. Stanford University, 1974 Field: Agriculture and Rural Life, Recent U.S., Progressive Period Mark Harvey, Ph.D. University of Wyoming, 1986 Field: American West, Environmental History, Public History John A. Helgeland, Ph.D. University of Chicago, 1973 Field: History of Christianity, History of Culture, Roman Empire, Philosophy of History Thomas D. Isern, Ph.D. Oklahoma State University, 1977 Field: History and Folklore of the North American Plains, History of Agriculture Gerritdina Justitz, Ph.D. University of CaliforniaSan Diego, 1996 Field: Early Modern Europe, Social and Cultural History of the Reformation

95. European Expansion In America - NIE: Newspapers In Education Visit Skyhawk s page to read an overview of these indian Wars. What exactly were the indian tribes, new migrants and the us government fighting over? http://www.cincinnati.com/nie/archive/07-01-03/

nie@enquirer.com NIE TOOLS Weekly Lesson Lesson Archive About NIE Search Lessons ... FREE Papers FOR STUDENTS Homework Helper Battleship Maze Tic Tac Toe ... State Capitals FOR TEACHERS Online Lessons FOR PARENTS NIE for parents Homework Helper Grade Level: 6-12 History/Social Studies Lesson for the week of July 1, 2003 European Expansion in America Wednesday, June 25, 2003, marked the anniversary of when Lt. Col. George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry attacked an Indian encampment along the Little Bighorn River in what's now southeastern Montana. What was expected to be an easy victory for Custer and his forces turned out to be a devastating clash. Apparently, Custer had underestimated the number of Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors ready to fight back. In the end, about 260 cavalrymen, including Custer and his Indian scouts, had died. The Indians were estimated to have lost fewer than 100. Since then, a granite obelisk and white headstones have been erected to honor the fallen cavalrymen at this historic site, located on the Crow Indian Reservation. And, finally, 127 years after celebrating their victorious battle, a memorial now stands to honor the Indian warriors who also fought and lost their lives there. The memorial not only honors the individual warriors and their tribes who took part in this particular battle, however. Some also believe it's one more significant step in recognizing and discussing the history of this country from more than one viewpoint.

96. Washita While the indian wars on the plains were raging, Whitman wrote in 1867 in HC Miner and WE Unrau in The end of indian Kansas a study of cultural http://www.dickshovel.com/was.html

Genocide on the Great Plains by James Horsley Also, Washita, Part II Genocide and its implications on the Great Plains Notes: The author of "Washita," James Horsley, has been gracious enough to allow his "work-in-progress " to be posted at the First Nations site so as to generate comments from those who visit here. Washita has a very definite premise - that Custer's massacre (my term) was an act founded in "genocidal calculation " (my phrase). Readers are encourgaged to comment on what follows. Your input and reaction will prove invaluable to this work On this page you will find the Introduction and Chapter One. So...I present to you Washita, Genocide on the Great Plains. Introduction On the morning of November 28, 1864, troops commanded by Colonel John M. Chivington attacked a band of Plains Indians of the Cheyenne tribe under Chief Black Kettle while the Indian village was camped on Sand Creek in Colorado Territory. The camp was just outside a reservation established in 1861 by the treaty of Fort Wise. Two months earlier on September 28, 1864, Black Kettle and White Antelope had met with Colorado Governor John Evans and Colonel Chivington at Camp Weld near Denver to discuss peace. While no formal peace arrangement had been made, the Indians had turned in their arms at Fort Lyon, camping along Sand Creek. When Black Kettle saw the soldiers charging his camp that morning, he raised an American flag plus a white flag in front of his tent to demonstrate his peaceful intent. The United States flag had been given to the Cheyenne by the government during treaty negotiations. White Antelope yelled in English, "Stop! Stop!" then, seeing that they did not stop their charge, stood with his arms folded as the troops galloped toward him, refusing to fight.

97. Introduction 4 Roy Harvey Pearce, The Savages of America A Study of the indian and the Acculturation and the Fort Marion Southern plains Prisoners” (Ph.D. diss., http://chronicles.dickinson.edu/studentwork/indian/1_introduction.htm

Introduction Phillip Earenfight, Seminar Adviser/Director, The Trout Gallery The history of Indian boarding schools, and the Carlisle Indian School in particular, began in the early 1870s when major combat in the Indian Wars had ended and the United States Army had started to direct tribes onto reservations. However, the reservation system soon proved to be a failure and many felt that the Indian population would have to assimilate into American society or face extinction. Policy became practice at the Carlisle Indian School, which had its origins in the events following bloody skirmishes near Fort Sill, in what is now Oklahoma. In the aftermath, seventy-two warriors were taken prisoner and moved temporarily to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. They were met by Lt. Richard Henry Pratt, who transported them by train to St. Augustine, Florida to be detained at Fort Marion. Not without incident and death, the surviving captives arrived at the fort on May 21, 1875 (fig. 1; cat. 50a). Encouraged by this early success, Pratt continued his mission in 1878 by introducing Native American students, some of them from Fort Marion, to the Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute (later Hampton College) in Virginia. Founded in 1868 and run by Samuel Chapman Armstrong, the Institute was established as a school for recently-freed black slaves.

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