1. 4-pi Geometry 4p geometry. Home Nuclides Contamination Reactions 4-pigeometry Products . FILE. SHORT DESCRIPTION. DETECTOR. NA22_4PI. http://www.atom.nw.ru/catalog/4-pi.htm

p -geometry Home Nuclides Contamination Reactions [ 4-pi geometry ] Products FILE SHORT DESCRIPTION DETECTOR NA22_4PI.SPC Na-22 in well-type HPGe We can see narrow peak 1022 keV HPGe 25% well type U235_4PI.SPC 235-U In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% U236_4PI.SPC 236-U In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% U238_4PI.SPC 238-U In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% NATU_4PI.SPC Natural U In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% TH230L4P.SPC Th-230 Low E In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% TH230-4P.SPC Th-230 In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% TH232L4P.SPC Th-232 Low E In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% TH232-4P.SPC Th-232 In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% TH228-4P.SPC In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% U233_4P.SPC U-233 inside GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% U234_4P.SPC U-234 In well type detector GCW2021 "Canberra" 20% PU236_4P.SPC

2. Our Geometry/Pi Page HOUSE OF Pie. Pi!!! Welcome one and all to our GeeI'm-A-Tree (geometry) and Trigonometry page. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Pi Mathematics Teacher resources, history, activities, and information. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Pi And The Fibonacci Numbers It's even more elegant when we write pi/4 as arctan(1) arctan(1) = arctan 1 + arctan 1 2 3. With just a little geometry and the diagram here http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. History Pi Through the Ages. Ptolemy Found equal to 377/120 which was equal to 3.1416. Euler Adopted the symbol for in 1737. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Resources List For March Pi Geometry Resource List For March pi geometry Internet Pi Mathematics. http//archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Edu/RSE/RS. .. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Geometry Review Geometry Review. We have used several simple facts here Main Index Pi Index Neal Carothers carother@bgnet.bgsu.edu http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. The Pi Pages through the history of mathematics that winds through geometry, analysis and and P. Borwein. Pi Story the history of the computation of Pi http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. SchoolOnLine.Org - Math/Geometry What Is Pi? (sounds like "pie") Pi is the answer to the question What is the distance around a circle? d symbolizes the distance across the circle. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Conjectures In Geometry Circumference And "Pi" Circumference and Pi Conjecture Length Conjecture Previous Inscribed Quadrilateral Conjecture Back Conjectures in Geometry Conjecture List or http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Mathematics Lesson Plans using metrics (48) math15.txt Probability using game 'rock, scissors, paper' (5-12) math23.txt Geometry; Discovery of Pi (5-7) math31.txt http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Parallel Plate Analyser With Second Order Focusing Property is superior to all other electrostatic analysers having a 2 pi geometry.Because parallel plate analysers with 2 pi geometry have the disadvantage of http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0022-3735/5/1/023

@import url(http://ej.iop.org/style/nu/EJ.css); Quick guide Site map Athens login IOP login: Password: Create account Alerts Contact us Journals Home ... This issue W Schmitz et al J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. Parallel plate analyser with second order focusing property W Schmitz and W Mehlhorn Univ. Munster, West Germany Print publication: Issue 1 (January 1972) Abstract. doi:10.1088/0022-3735/5/1/023 URL: http://stacks.iop.org/0022-3735/5/64 PDF (450 KB) References Articles citing this article Full text PDF (450 KB) References Articles citing this article Article options E-mail abstract Download to citation manager Link to this article Information about Filing Cabinet Find related articles By author W Schmitz W Mehlhorn IOP CrossRef Search Recommend Recommend this article Recommend this journal Author services NEW ... Submit referee report Reasons to login Set up an E-mail alert Use your Filing Cabinet Login Previous article ... Help Biomedical Materials British Journal of Applied Physics (1950-1967) Chinese Physics Chinese Physics Letters Classical and Quantum Gravity Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement (1980-1992) Combustion Theory and Modelling (1997-2004) Distributed Systems Engineering (1994-1999) European Journal of Physics Inverse Problems Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Journal of Geophysics and Engineering Journal of High Energy Physics Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering Journal of Neural Engineering Journal of Nuclear Energy, Part C (1959-1966)

13. Section 8.0 the detector is enclosed in an infinite half space (2 pi geometry) and is not the whole space (4 pi geometry), which is the condition under which http://gj.em.doe.gov/hanf/TReport/Report/sect08.htm

Vadose Zone Characterization Project at the Hanford Tank Farms, T Tank Farm Report U.S. Department of Energy, Grand Junction, Colorado 8.0 Log Data Results 8.1 Instrumentation Performance 8.2 Direct Gamma Radiation and Gamma-Ray Attenuation 8.3 Radionuclides Detected ... Next Section 8.0 Log Data Results 8.1 Instrumentation Performance The two logging systems (Gamma 1 and Gamma 2) logged a total of 67 boreholes within the T Tank Farm within a cumulative period of approximately 10 months. An optimum production rate of 50-ft of borehole per day was logged, generally using an acquisition time of 200 s per 0.5-ft depth interval. Field verification spectra were recorded before and after each day's work. The pre-log verification data were analyzed before the commencement of logging. All data were recorded on the computer as spectra, and logging information was recorded by the logging engineers on the Log Data Sheets (see DOE 1997b, 1997d). The entries on the Log Data Sheets were later entered into a Paradox database and used in the analysis of the spectra. The casing thickness values used during log data analysis to correct for casing attenuation were generally based on the published thickness values for the 4-in. and 6-in. schedule-40 steel pipe used in the T Tank Farm boreholes. The casing thicknesses used to correct the data were recorded on the individual Log Data Reports (provided with the logs in Appendix A of each of the Tank Summary Data Reports). The original spectral data are saved in the data archive; therefore, the conversion from count rate to concentration can be recalculated for any borehole if the true casing thickness is determined to be different from the value assumed for data analysis.

14. Model 49-12-2 Hand And Shoe Monitor EFFICIENCY (4 pi geometry) 5% C-14; 22% - Sr-90/Y-90; 19% - Tc-99 32% - P-32;15% - Pu-239 AUDIO Built in multi-tone unimorph type speaker (greater than http://www.ludlums.com/product/m49-12-2.htm

Pancake G-M Microprocessor Based Alpha/Beta Detection PART NUMBER:48-2513 INDICATED USE: Personnel monitoring DETECTORS: Pancake G-M( 2 detector arrays per hand; 1 array per shoe DETECTORS PER ARRAY: HAND - 6 ea. SHOE - 8 ea. FRISKER - 1 ea. OPEN AREA: ACTIVE AREA: WINDOW: EFFICIENCY (4 pi geometry): 5% - C-14; 22% - Sr-90/Y-90; 19% - Tc-99 32% - P-32; 15% - Pu-239 AUDIO: Built in multi-tone unimorph type speaker ( greater than 68 dB at 2 feet AUDIO ACKNOWLEDGE: push-button to silence audio ALARM: Indicated by red LED's, and audible signal ( each hand and foot has indicators for alpha and beta-gamma alarms READY: green LED ) Indicates the instrument is ready for use COUNTING: green LED ) Indicates that a count is in process ( activated by a switch in the hand cavity CHECK OK: green LED ) Indicates the person being monitored is under the set alarm limits PROCEDURAL ERROR: orange LED and continuous audible beep ) Indicates the user has withdrawn their hands before the count is complete or that a count is attempted during a background update UPDATING BACKGROUND: orange LED ) Indicates the system is updating the background POWER: 95 - 135 VAC ( 178 - 240 VAC available ), 50 - 60 Hz single phase (

15. Inspector And Inspector XP CPM +/ 20% 130000 to 300000 (Referenced to Cs-137). Sensitivity to CommonIsotopes Typical GM tube efficiency for 4 pi geometry at contact. http://www.grove-ent.com/inspector.html

Inspector and Inspector XP The Inspector is a handheld, microprocessor-based instrument with excellent sensitivity to low levels of alpha, beta, gamma, and x-rays. The digital readout is complemented by a red count light and a beeper for each count. Other features include an adjustable timer and external calibration controls. For applications requiring an external probe, order Inspector XP which relocates the GM tube to an anodized-aluminum housing with a coated, black-foam grip, internal 500V power supply, and a cable with an Amphenol connector. Additionally, the new and improved Inspector Plus now has a settable alarm feature, with a set range of .001-50 mR/hr and 1-160,000 CPM. Specifications: Detecto r: Halogen-quenched, uncompensated GM tube; thin mica window, 1.4-2.0 mg/cm density. Effective diameter of window is 45 mm (1.75 in.). Display: 4 digit liquid crystal display with indicators. Averaging periods: Display will update every 3 seconds. At low background levels, the update is the moving average for the past 30-second time period. The timed period for the moving average decreases

16. Kinokuniya BookWeb Pi orbital standing wave 306 (1) Sigmapi molecular geometry with one pi307 (1) orbital Triple bonds Sigma-pi geometry with 308 (1) two pi orbitals http://bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp/guest/cgi-bin/bookseaohb.cgi?ISBN=0716731266&ARE

17. [nucl-ex/0406034] Polarization Observables In The Eta Meson Production The WASA detector with its 4pi geometry for neutral and charged particles togetherwith the use of a frozen spin target should therefore allow to study http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0406034

18. Radiation Detection Equipment For Monitoring Water Assets series offers online gamma or beta and gamma analysis using a specialized 3-or 4-pi geometry monitor to enhance the effectiveness of the evaluation, http://www.epa.gov/safewater/watersecurity/guide/radiationdetectionequipmentform

Water and Wastewater Security Product Guide Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Water Security Security Product Guide Table of Contents ... Feedback Radiation Detection Equipment for Monitoring Water Assets Objective Monitor water samples to detect radioactive contamination Application Primarily finished water assets. Can also monitor for contamination of other water assets (influent/effluent wastewater, raw water, process streams). Location Used On-line equipment to monitor water assets would be located at critical points in the system; portable equipment would be used in specific locations as necessary. Description Most water systems are required to monitor for radioactivity and certain radionuclides, and to meet Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for these contaminants, to comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Currently, EPA requires drinking water to meet MCLs for beta/photon emitters (includes gamma radiation), alpha particles, combined radium 226/228, and uranium. However, this monitoring is required only at entry points into the system. In addition, after the initial sampling requirements, only one sample is required every 3 to 9 years, depending on the contaminant type and the initial concentrations.

19. Early 4 Pi Gas Flow Proportional Counter In a 4 pi geometry, the detector completely surrounds the detector. This isaccomplished by placing one counting chamber above the sample, and another below http://www.orau.org/ptp/collection/proportional counters/Hanford.htm

Early 4 pi Gas Flow Proportional Counter (ca. 1950) Given the fact that this instrument was excessed from Hanford in 1952 (according to the release sticker), it must be one of the earliest examples of a 4 pi gas flow proportional counter. Schutmeister and Meyer are generally credited with constructing the first true 4 pi detector in 1947-1948, and this instrument cannot have been built much later than that. The term 4 pi refers to the solid angle (4 pi steradians) by which the detector "views" the sample. In a 4 pi geometry, the detector completely surrounds the detector. This is accomplished by placing one counting chamber above the sample, and another below it. No matter in which direction the radiation leaves the sample, it can produce a pulse. The radioactive sample, deposited on a very thin support (e.g., mylar), was inserted in the opening on the side. The upper chamber was then lowered until the sample was sandwiched between the upper and lower chambers. Gas inlets and outlets for the two chambers can be seen projecting from the sides of the unit. Donated by Ron Kathren References: Mann, W.B., and Seliger, H.H.

20. Commercial 4 Pi Gas Flow Proportional Counter The support and sample were then sandwiched between two hemispherical chambers (2.5 diameter) to provide a 4 pi geometry. The anodes were small stainless http://www.orau.org/ptp/collection/proportional counters/4pi.htm

Early Commercial 4 pi Gas Flow Proportional Counter (ca. 1955) This example of a 4 pi gas flow proportional counter (RCL Model No. 10202) was manufactured sometime around 1955 by Radiation Counter Laboratories of Skokie Illinois, one of the first companies to specialize in instrumentation for radiation detection and measurement. The manufacturer noted that this unit was "based on the Chalk River design." Although primarily employed as a proportional counter, it could also operate in the geiger-mueller region. When operated as a proportional counter, pure methane was employed as the counting gas - the operating voltages on the alpha and alpha plus beta plateaus were ca. 2800 and 4100 volts respectively. When operated as a geiger-mueller counter, a helium-isobutane mix was used as the counting gas and the operating voltage was approximately 1350 volts. Overall dimensions: 12.25" high and 8" wide. Weight: 25 pounds. The sample was placed on the center of a thin aluminized mylar conducting film (see disk on lower left of photo on the right) that served as a support. The support and sample were then sandwiched between two hemispherical chambers (2.5" diameter) to provide a 4 pi geometry. The anodes were small stainless steel loops.

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