81. History Of The Mediterranean Region - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 1 ancient; 2 Classical; 3 middle Ages; 4 Modern; 5 Further reading Alexander sempire quickly disintegrated, and the middle east, Egypt, and Greece were http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Mediterranean_region

History of the Mediterranean region From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The history of the Mediterranean region is the history of the interaction of the cultures and peoples of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea —the central superhighway of transport, trade and cultural exchange between diverse peoples. Its history is important to understanding the origin and development of the Egyptian Greek Latin Arab/Persian cultures —and hence is important to understanding the development of Western Civilization as we understand it today. Contents Ancient Classical Middle Ages Modern ... edit Ancient Two of the first human civilizations began in the Mediterranean area. The Nile River valley was unified under the Pharaohs in the fourth millennium BC. Soon after, civilization developed in Mesopotamia and quickly spread through the fertile crescent to the east coast of the sea and throughout the Levant , which happens to make the Mediterranean countries of Syria Lebanon , and Israel part of the Cradle of Humanity . These areas shared similar climates and geographies, but it was more difficult to spread technologies and crops to other portions of the Mediterranean basin. In time, large empires developed in

82. NELC Department Fields Of Study Islamic Archaeology covers the material culture of the middle east from the 7th Hebrew Bible and the ancient Near east Although no formal program http://humanities.uchicago.edu/depts/nelc/department.html

The Department Our Faculty Current Graduate Students Prospective Graduate Students ... Our Alumni The Department Program Fields of Study Interdisciplinary Programs Course Offerings and Descriptions Program In addition to a B.A. program for undergraduates, NELC offers M.A. and Ph.D. programs in a wide variety of fields of study in the Near or Middle East, including: History and Culture, Language and Literature (including Linguistics), Intellectual History, and Art and Archaeology. These programs are grouped under three main headings, Ancient (prehistory to the rise of Islam) Modern (Muhammad to the present), and Interdisciplinary. There are departmental counselors for each of these areas who guide the students through their programs of study. Detailed descriptions of each program are given below. Fields of Study Ancient Programs Ancient Near Eastern History offers an interdisciplinary program combining a broad view of Near Eastern history in pre-Islamic times with specialized knowledge of at least one major sub-region (e.g., Babylonia, Iran, Hatti, Egypt, or Syria-Palestine) or field (e.g., Late Bronze trade, early empires). Knowledge of two ancient languages (major and minor), Near Eastern archaeology, historiography, and historical method is required. Cuneiform Studies offers programs in three subfields: Assyriology, Hittitology, and Sumerology. All three programs require an advanced knowledge of the major language, and the relevant history and archaeology. Hittitology and Sumerology require in addition a thorough background in Akkadian; Assyriology requires Sumerian.

83. Middle Eastern History Period 1: Ancient Mesopotamia includes links to the ancient Near east, Sumeria, Akkadia, Babylonia, The middle east Studies Center at OSU also has a copy of this book http://www.coe.ohio-state.edu/mmerryfield/global_resources/modules/MEHistory1.ht

Web Resources Print Resources Media Resources Akhet-Aten Home Page (Texas) http://kate.stange.com/egypt/ Recommended for Egyptian history, Amarna period. Re-creation link. Topics and materials I recommend visiting for teachers, for students, and re-creation links. In these sections you will find links to Tomb of the Chihuahua Pharaohs, Little Horus, Color Me Egypt, andYoung Egyptologists discussion forum. Be aware this site is being updated. If you are unable to reach it at the above address please go to: http://www.akhet-aten.com Reviewed by April Lukacsko, 4/04/02. Akhet Egyptology (Texas) http://www.akhet.co.uk/ Recommended for Egyptian history and clickable mummy. Topics and materials I recommend Be aware the King List of the web site is in the left-hand frame. The Chronicle of the Pharaohs link on the right is a book you can order on the web. If you are interested just click on the book. Reviewed by April Lukacsko, 4/04/02. The Ancient Egypt Site (Texas) http://www.geocities.com/~amenhotep/ Recommended for informative site about Ancient Egypt, written clearly in easy-to understand terms.

84. The Middle East - OpenDemocracy The middle east, The middle east The phoenicians were all ruled by kings,whose power extended up to the limits of their small citiesstates, Tyr, http://opendemocracy.net/forums/thread.jspa?forumID=112&threadID=44674&tstart=0

85. The Middle East - OpenDemocracy The middle east, The middle east So, these environments made the Greeksdifferent than the phoenicians, the Egyptians different than the Assyrians. http://opendemocracy.net/forums/thread.jspa?forumID=112&threadID=44672&tstart=0

86. American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee: Arab Contributions To Civilization Herbal medicine was widely used in the middle east, and basil, oregano, thyme,fennel, anise, Arab culture, from its ancient beginnings to the present, http://www.adc.org/index.php?id=247

87. Near And Middle Eastern Civilizations Undergraduate Student The department offers courses in modern and ancient languages as its It isan institutional member of the middle east Studies Association of North http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/nmcusa/whatsNMC.html

Home And News What's "NMC?" NMCUSA Charter NMCUSA Council ... Contact the Webmaster WHAT'S "NMC?" " N ear and M iddle Eastern C ivilizations." The Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations department is devoted to the study of the ancient (from c. 3100 BCE) and contemporary cultures found within modern day Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Rhodes, Cyprus, Iraq, (to some extent Armenia, Azerbaijan, and the Republic of Georgia) and western Iran. This encompasses the Ancient civilizations of Egypt, Libya and Nubia/Kush, those of the Levantine Coast and Palestine including the Canaanites (Phoenicians, Hebrews/Israelites, Philistines, Arameans, Amorites, and so on) the Hittites, Phrygia, Lydia, the Hurrians and the Kingdom of Mitanni, Urartu, the Scythians, the Cimmerians, Assyria, Babylonia, Sumer, Elam, and the Persians and Medes to mention only a few. Occasionally course content includes modern Bahrain (ancient Dilmun), the southern area of the Saudi Arabian pennisula, and the ancient Indus Valley civilization. The department offers courses in modern and ancient languages as its primary strength. In fluxuating years, Standard Arabic, modern Hebrew, Persian, and Turkish are offered, while the history and culture of the modern historical Middle East is studied within NMC from its inception, through the Medieval Period, to the modern day.

88. The Civilization Of Ancient Egypt By Paul Johnson In the ninth century BC, the Greeks took over the Phoenician alphabet more or The British, who had immense experience in India and the middle east of http://homepage.eircom.net/~odyssey/Quotes/History/Ancient_Egypt.html

THE CIVILIZATION OF ANCIENT EGYPT - PAUL JOHNSON CONTENTS The Takeoff of Egyptian Culture The Totalitarian Theocracy The Empire of the Nile The Structure of Dynastic Egypt ... The Rediscovery of the Pharaohs #1 THE TAKEOFF OF EGYPTIAN CULTURE At one time scholars believed that the civilization of ancient Egypt was the first in the history of the world and the progenior of all others. We now know this to be untrue, but the ancient Egyptians retain one unique distinction: they were the first people on earth to create a nation-state. This state, embodying the spiritual beliefs and aspirations of the Egyptian race, was in all its major manifestations a theocracy. It served as the framework of a culture of extraordinary strength, assurance and durability which lasted for 3,000 years and which retained almost to the end its ow unmistakable purity of style. In the Egypt of antiquity, State, religion and culture formed an indisputable unity. They rose together, the fell together, and they must be studied together. Moreover, there was a fourth essential element in this creative unity: the land. It is impossible to conceive of the civilization of ancient Egypt except in its peculiar geographical setting. It was nurtured and continued to be dominated right to the end by the physical facts of its setting: the rhythm of the Nile and its productive valley, and the circumscription of the desert. They gave the Egyptian people and their culture certain fundamental characteristics: stability, permanence and isolation. The Egyptians, indeed, were self-consciously aware of their national immobility and separateness.

89. ECB Surf Report: Ancient Civilizations (ECB also provides excellent video resources on ancient Civilizations for General l Africa l Americas l Asia l middle east l Polynesia l Egypt l Greece http://www.ecb.org/surf/ancient.htm

Your browser does not support JavaScript. Please use the text version of the archives menu below. Archives text only Contact us if you have questions or suggestions for the Surf Report! The text-only menu provides accessible and printer-friendly access to the Surf Report Archives. Ancient Civilizations: Part 2 (January 2004) This month we continue to explore the art, architecture, science, technology and culture of ancient civilizations. We add sites that focus on ancient cultures of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East and Polynesia to our previous sites on ancient Egypt and Greece. (ECB also provides excellent video resources on Ancient Civilizations for Wisconsin teachers.) General l Africa l Americas l Asia l Middle East l Polynesia l Egypt l Greece General The eMuseum at Minnesota State University provides clearly written descriptions of many ancient cultures, including those of Egypt, Greece, India, Japan, Latin America, and Mesopotamia. It also includes sections on topics such as prehistoric technology, rock art, religions of the world, and more. Art Images for College Teaching is an excellent resource for student projects. All images of art from ancient Africa, China, India, Meso-America, Rome, Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other civilizations may be freely used for educational purposes.

90. Booklist - Ancient Civilizations Part 4 The Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near east (The Cultural Atlas Sumer and Babylonia / ancient Egypt / Hebrews, phoenicians Hittites http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~ja8i-brtl/booklist_AncientCiv_4.htm

Ancient Civilizations - Mesopotamia On this page: Mesopotamia 2400-500 BC Readings on Mesopotamia: Readings for children aged 4-8 Readings for children aged 9-12 ... Hands-on Resources ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: MESOPOTAMIA 2400-500BC Locate the Tigris-Euphrates river valley on a map in present day Iraq, the cradle of civilization Mesopotamia. READINGS ON MESOPOTAMIA AND THE FERTILE CRESCENT Readings for children aged 4-8 / early grammar stage on Mesopotamia 1500-500BC:: Science in Ancient Mesopotamia by Carol Moss (ages 4-8) Science of the Past series. A brief pictorial book examining in 4- pages the Mesopotamians' knowledge of medicine, mathematics, astronomy and metallurgy and includes a glossary and a list of Internet sites. The pictures are excellent. $8.95 Step Into...Mesopotamia by Lorna Oakes, Nicola Baxter, Rob Ashby $11.96 Ancient Mythologies: India, Persia, Babylon, Egypt by Charles Kovacs (Waldorf) oop? (magazine) Readings for children aged 9-12/ middle graders/logic stage: The First Civilizations (History of Everyday Things) by Giovanni Caselli Traces the early history of civilization from the first toolmakers of four million years ago through the Greeks of the fifth century B.C. (9-12) $15.16/$8.76

91. Awesome Library - Social_Studies Includes over a dozen units within each ancient civilization, Incas, Mayans,Mediterranean, middle east, and Romans. ancient Latin America (Donn) http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Classroom/Social_Studies/History/Ancient_and_Medie

Search Spelling Here: Home Classroom Social Studies History > Ancient and Medieval Ancient and Medieval Also Try Ancient Aztecs Ancient Celtics Ancient Chinese Ancient Civilizations ... History Lesson Plans Books History of Money from Ancient Times to Present Day (Davies) Lesson Plans -History - Ancient Civilizations (Donn) Provides units organized by ancient civilization. Includes over a dozen units within each ancient civilization, including China, India, Greece, Egypt, Rome, Mesopotamia, Africa, Aztecs, Incas and Mayans. Covers daily activities in ancient times to bring each civilization to life. 9-05 Ancient History Lessons are available in the Awesome Library under: Lessons - Social Studies - History Comparative Civilizations (British Columbia Ministry of Education) Compares the culture, art, and values of larger civilizations of the past. The materials are called an Integrated Resource Package. Grade 12. 2-01 History - Women in History (Women in World History Curriculum - Reese) Provides lesson ideas regarding women. Lists -Ancient History (Mautz) Provides links to people, places, and events. Ties resources into links in the arts related to the same time periods and places. 2-01

92. Regents Prep Global History & Geography: Movement Of People & Goods Vocabulary L middle east GeoPolitical designation of the area stretching from the Persian Empire ancient middle eastern empire comprising modern day Iran. http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/vocab/topic.cfm?topic=l

93. Regents Prep Global History & Geography: Vocabulary Words Starting With Letter à Persian Empire ancient middle eastern empire comprising modern day Iran.The Perisan Empire dominated the middle east from the middle of the 6th century http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/vocab/topic_alpha.cfm?topic=p

94. Ancient Records phoenicians (in Arabic Finiqiyyin) used to call themselves Khna or Kina an, These east Africans were known locally as Siddis , from Arabic meaning my http://www.zanzinet.org/h_arecord.html

ANCIENT RECORDS When a Greek author and traveller from Egypt visited East Africa about the middle of the first century of the Christian era he found the Coast and its islands already settled by Arabs who recognized the King of Yemen as their suzerain lord. According to the writings of this author in his book The Periplus Of The Erythrean Sea, those Arabs had made their settlements in East Africa for centuries before his visit, and had already mixed their blood with the local population. By this evidence it becomes clear that Arabs have been inhabiting East Africa for much more than 2,000 years (John Gray: History of Zanzibar pp 10-11). W.H. Ingrams, quoting Rev. W.A. Crabtree, writes in his book - Zanzibar Its History and Its People that about four thousand years ago Arabs, known to the ancient Egyptians as "Aamu" and "Arapin", came to East Africa. Says Ingrams "Some of these people wandered into the interior and some followed the coast. Those that went into the interior lost their nationality and became, claims Mr. Crabtree, the origin of the Hamites. The remainder were called Arabs." According to archaeological evidence the Wadebule were people from Dabhol, a port on the west coast of India about a hundred miles to the south of Bombay. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries this port was ruled by the Bahmani dynasty. About this time there was a considerable population of Africans from East Africa in that part of India. These East Africans were known locally as "Siddis", from Arabic meaning "my lord", a trait of self- esteem not completely unknown among the Swahili people in a foreign country. Sir John Gray reports them to have played "a prominent part in the political dissensions which eventually led to the fall of the Bahmani dynasty and the disruption of their kingdom."

95. [LCM Events] More On "Quest For Phonecians" Previous message LCM Events October 19 Emile Bustani middle east Seminar for the first great Phoenician port, Byblos, to refer to the ancient paper. http://mailman.mit.edu/pipermail/lebanon-events/2004-October/000003.html

[LCM Events] More on "Quest for Phonecians" Loai Naamani loai at MIT.EDU Tue Oct 19 16:55:08 EDT 2004 Previous message: [LCM Events] October 19 Emile Bustani Middle East Seminar Next message: [LCM Events] Saturday Nov 6 @ MIT: Conference - Dual Occupations From the Rule of Force to the Rule of Law in US Middle East Policy Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] From the ninth to sixth centuries B.C. they dominated the Mediterranean Sea, establishing emporiums and colonies from Cyprus in the http://www.wgbh.org/schedules/program-info?program_id=346045 http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0410/feature2/index.html Here's a very interesting forum discussing the finings for this research/documentary: http://seabed.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/forum.tmpl?issue_id=20041001 http://mailman.mit.edu/pipermail/lebanon-events/attachments/20041019/72a199ee/attachment.html Previous message: [LCM Events] October 19 Emile Bustani Middle East Seminar Next message: [LCM Events] Saturday Nov 6 @ MIT: Conference - Dual Occupations From the Rule of Force to the Rule of Law in US Middle East Policy Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... More information about the Lebanon-Events mailing list

96. THE Thinking Person's Online News Source For Politics, Prophecy, Science And Mys The modern English alphabet is based on the ancient Phoenician / Sidonian script . According to the history of every ancient culture in the middle east, http://www.raidersnewsupdate.com/flynn2.htm

RAIDERS NEWS SERVICE / International Edition Page One RNU Blog RNU Page 2 RNU Archive Thursday, May 19, 2005 RNU NAVIGATION Front Page Page 2 News Raiders Blog About RNU ... Make Money With RNU! NEW: If E.T. Evidence Is Found Will You Lose Your Religion? NEW: The Real Deathstar! Or How Hoagland Would Would Beg to Differ NEW: On the Road to Mac I Remembered the UFO! Part One: Friedman and Deyo Respond to Lazar Article Part Two: Friedman and Deyo Respond to Lazar Article From President to Ruler of Planet Earth? ... When the Spirit (of Demeter) Speaks An Occult Translation of the Roswell Event: Count down to 2012 By David E. Flynn

97. Sicilian Peoples: The Ancient Greeks - Best Of Sicily Magazine - Greek Sicily, H Moving from east to west, the Greeks eventually colonised the entire island. (ancient historians Phoenician, Greek, Early Roman. http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art153.htm

Best of Sicily presents... Best of Sicily Magazine. Dedicated to Sicilian art, culture, history, people, places and all things Sicilian. This site better viewed with JavaScript or Scripting activated. Sicilian Peoples: The Ancient Greeks by Vincenzo Salerno Magazine Index Best of Sicily Fashion About Us ... Map of Sicily Some Terms B.C. - Before the traditional birth of Jesus Christ. Also B.C.E., before the "common" era. Bronze Age - Era of first tools and weapons made from copper and bronze, in Greece beginning around 3000 BC, prior to Iron Age. chalcedony - Mineral formations of quartz and similar substances, formerly used to make primitive tools. Copper Age - Earliest period of the Bronze Age, varying by region, before copper was alloyed with tin to form bronze for tools and weapons. Early Minoan - Minoan (Cretan) civilization from 4000 BC to 2100 BC. Indo-European - Many societies of Europe, southern Asia and southwest Asia, identifiable by 1000 BC based on linguistic similarities. Iron Age - Era of tools made from iron, beginning around 1200 BC, in Greece around 1100 BC, in Sicily probably with Greeks circa 700 BC. Followed Bronze Age. Late Bronze Age - In Sicily the era from about 1270 BC until circa 650 BC, immediately prior to Iron Age introduced by Greeks.

98. Ancient Civilizations  For Kids Exploring ancient World Cultures Near east from Indianahttp//eawc.evansville.edu/nepage.htm The ancient Hebrews (scroll to middleof page) http://www.kathimitchell.com/ancivil.html

Ancient Civilizations for Kids China Mesopotamia Egypt Kush ... Other China: World History - China http://web.archive.org/web/20040814144858/http://www.lksd.org/kongiganak/kongiganak/ContinuousEdCarnagie/Carnagie/WorldHistory/WldHistoryCh2/WldHistoryCh2China.htm Exploring Ancient World Cultures from Evansville, Indiana http://eawc.evansville.edu/chpage.htm Daily Life in Ancient China from Mr. Donn http://members.aol.com/Donnclass/Chinalife.html Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport http://www.mrdowling.com/613chinesehistory.html Neolithic China http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/ancient_china/neolithic.html Web Links on China and the Great Wall http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Walllinks.html The World History of China http://history.evansville.net/china.html Ancient China http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/china/timeline.html#ancient China from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China Mesopotamia: Hammurabi's Code http://www.phillipmartin.info/hammurabi/homepage.htm Odyssey Online - graphics, info, games from the Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University

99. Mr. Dowling's Ancient Greece Page The civilization of ancient Greece flowered more than 2500 years ago but it The Greeks learned the alphabet from the phoenicians, a sea faring people http://www.mrdowling.com/701greece.html

Home E-Mail Download Lessons Interactive Quiz ... South America The Cradle of Western Civilization The civilization of ancient Greece flowered more than 2500 years ago but it influences the way we live today. Greece is a peninsula in southeastern Europe. The people of the region attempted to explain the world through the laws of nature. They made important discoveries in science. They developed democracy, where people govern themselves rather than being ruled by a king. The Greeks also valued beauty and imagination. They wrote many stories and plays that continue to be performed today. The ancient Greeks developed a great deal of what we take for granted. This is why Greece is often known as the Cradle of Western Civilization. The people of ancient Greece could not farm most of their mountainous, rocky land, so they became excellent sailors who traveled to distant lands. The Greeks learned the alphabet from the Phoenicians, a sea faring people from modern day Syria and Lebanon. The mountainous land also meant that it was difficult to invade Greek lands. The Balkan Mountains in the north and the Mediterranean Sea form barriers that made it difficult for outsider to attack.

100. MSN Encarta - Phoenicia an empire in the middle east, invaded and took control of Phoenicia. The most important Phoenician contribution to civilization was the alphabet. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553111/Phoenicia.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items art and architecture cities and towns more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Phoenicia Search for books and more related to Phoenicia Encarta Search Search Encarta about Phoenicia Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Phoenicia ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Phoenicia Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 2 items Article Outline Introduction Ancient Origins A Nation of Traders Contributions I Introduction Print Preview of Section Phoenicia , ancient designation of a narrow strip of territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, now largely in modern Lebanon. The territory, about 320 km (about 200 mi) long and from 8 to 25 km (5 to 15 mi) wide, was bounded on the east by the Lebanon Mountains. The southern boundary was Mount Carmel; the northern boundary was generally accepted to be the Eleutherus River, now called the KabÄ«r, which forms the northern boundary of Lebanon. II Ancient Origins Print Preview of Section Although its inhabitants had a homogeneous civilization and considered themselves a single nation, Phoenicia was not a unified state but a group of city-kingdoms, one of which usually dominated the others. The most important of these cities were Simyra, Zarephath (Sarafand), Byblos, Jubeil, Arwad (Rouad), Acco (‘Akko), Sidon (à žaydā), Tripolis (Tripoli), Tyre (Sur), and Berytus (Beirut). The two most dominant were Tyre and Sidon, which alternated as sites of the ruling power.

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