41. The Near East: Whites Overwhelmed Nonetheless, the history of the ancient middle east is dominated by centuries of Amongst them were the phoenicians, who through trade established http://www.stormfront.org/whitehistory/hwr7.htm

MARCH OF THE TITANS - A HISTORY OF THE WHITE RACE Chapter 7: The Near East - Whites Overwhelmed The racial make-up of the original inhabitants of the Near East - that is from Turkey to modern day Iran, including the areas known today as Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine and Egypt, was by the year 4000 BC, predominantly original White Mediterranean, with scattered groups of Alpine and Proto-Nordic sub groupings amongst them. These original White inhabitants were strengthened by the arrival of large numbers of Nordic Indo-Europeans who started spreading south from their ancestral homeland in southern Russia from around 3000 BC onwards. In addition to these White peoples, another grouping was to play a significant role in the history of the Near East - the Semitic speaking peoples (this encompasses a wide range of peoples, including groups known to history as the ancient Jews and Arabic peoples). These Semitic speaking peoples eventually came to predominate the entire Middle East, entering the original White territories as laborers, traders, immigrants and military conquerors. A map of the region under discussion in this chapter: Virtually every country shown here was subjected to invasions by Indo-European Nordics, who then set up White civilizations - only to be later submerged into a mass of Semitic, Mongoloid and Hamiic (mixed peoples) who came to work in the nations as slaves or as conventional laborers.

42. Ancient Near East Chronology Arameans begin invading the middle east from Arabia, and their language subsequentlybecomes the Hebrews and phoenicians destroy the Philistines. http://www.gis.net/~pldr/anech.html

ANCIENT NEAR EAST CHRONOLOGY 3000 to 2600: Near East emerges from the Neolithic period. Copper and Bronze Ages. Ur dominates Sumer. Menes unites Upper and Lower Egypt. Old Kingdom starts (c. 2660) with its capital at Memphis. Campaigns into Nubia begin. Pyramid construction starts. Hieroglyphics and cuneiform writing develop. 2600 to 2200: Sargon the Great ( I ) founds the Akkadian Empire, dominating Mesopotamia and trading with the Indus Valley. Egypt divides in half. Assyrians settle in upper Tigris region. The Epic of Gilgamesh 2200 to 1800: Guti overrun Sumeria (2200) before Ur restoration in 2100. Egyptian Middle Kingdom starts (c. 2080) and controls Palestine and Syria. Hittites invade Anatolia. Amorite tribes invade out of Arabia and establish small states in Syria, Mesopotamia, and Larsa. Hurrians appear in northern Mesopotamia. Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations form in Greece. Start of 1800 B.C. Scenario 1800 to 1700 (turn 1): Old Assyrian Empire forms. Hammurabi's reign in Babylon features codified laws. 1700 to 1600 (turn 2): Hyksos seize power in the Nile Delta and Palestine. They introduce chariots to Egypt.

43. Middle East & Inner Asia WWW Research Institute: Part 4A THE middle east INNER ASIA PART 4A ancient CANAAN, ISRAEL, PALESTINE As they entered ancient Palestine, the phoenicians in the north and the http://www.stockton.edu/~gilmorew/consorti/1enear.htm

TO 70 C.E. Director: William J. Gilmore-Lehne, Associate Professor of History, RSC The Tomb of the Three Patriarchs at Hebron: Sacred Site to Moslems and Jews Part Four pays close attention to Palestine from ancient times through 1917. We include all groups of historical inhabitants, and focus on the Hebrew peoples. The following division of major periods adapts the Hebrew University of Jerusalem outline, prepared by Dana Barnea, et. al. and used for their site, The Jerusalem Mosaic. 1. Ancient Palestine to 1006 B.C.E. 2. First Temple Period through Captivity 1006-536 B.C.E. 3. Second Temple Period 536 B.C.E.-70 C.E. 5. Early Muslim through Crusaders 638-1260 C.E. ... 6. Mamluk and Ottoman 1260-1917 C.E. For Modern Palestine since 1917, Go to PART 8. Modern Era in the Middle East, 1918- PERIOD 1. ANCIENT PALESTINE TO 1006 B.C.E. The stone tower of Ancient Jericho JERICHO We can locate Jericho on a map of the central portion of modern Israel : Map with site of Jericho And then deepen our sense of the ecological setting with a NASA overview map which shows Jericho near the mouth of the Jordan River, with the Dead Sea and the West Bank: NASA MAP with Jericho and surroundings In the succeeding era, Jericho flourished as a Neolithic mud-brick walled

44. The History Of The Ancient Near East Electronic Compendium A database of the prehistoric Near east as well as its ancient history up to World and middle east News Oriental Institute NY Metropolitan http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/

Table of Contents Civilizations Cultures Areas ... Excerpts The History of the Ancient Near East Electronic Compendium ANCIENT ISRAEL IRAQ EGYPT TURKEY IRAN SYRIA LEBANON JORDAN ARABIA CYPRUS AND BAHRAIN Chapter 6: Essene Origins Palestine or Babylonia (Hershel Shanks) Search The History of the Ancient Near East There are approximately 600 HTML pages cached in both the Google and Yahoo directories for this website using site:ancientneareast.tripod.com as of 08/05/2005 Search The History of the Ancient Near East Tripod In-Site Search: Search: ALL PRODUCTS Baby Beauty Books DVD Electronics Gourmet Food Magazine Subscriptions Musical Instruments Music Computers Software VHS Keywords: Book Search and Price Comparison TITLE AUTHOR KEYWORD ISBN These Books And Others Have Been Purchased on Amazon Marketplace Thru This Website ..... (AAA) The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (Five Volume Set) (1) Babylon (Ancient Peoples and Places) Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times History Begins at Sumer: Thirty-Nine "Firsts" in Recorded History The Ancient Near East: Ancient History Series Volume I ... Alexandria: City of the Western Mind Table of Contents Civilizations - Cultures - Areas - Regions - Prehistory Culture Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times

45. General Ancient History NEW PERSPECTIVES ON AGRICULTURAL ORIGINS IN THE ancient NEAR east ArabNet The Resource for the Arab World in the middle east and North Africa http://www.teacheroz.com/generalancient.htm

Updated 7/19/05 Prehistoric cave painting at Vallon-Pont-d'Arc in the Ardèche region of France. The Chauvet Cave Anthro.Net Research Engine: Anthropology and Archaeology Archeology and Ethnography Program Home, NPS Outline of Prehistory and History, Southeast Archaeological Center ... FORVM ANTIQVVM: Roman Art and Archaeology - more on my Ancient Rome page. Exploring Gender Through Archaeology - Table of Contents Gender in Archaeology Genetics and Human Migration Patterns American Museum of Natural History For info on Dinosaurs, check out my Other Subjects page under the Science section. GENERAL ANCIENT HISTORY LINKS PREHISTORY Classroomtools.com Warm-up Activity - Is That A Fact? - Human - Dinosaur Co-existence? TIMELINE: Ancient History TIMELINE: World Map, 20,000-8000 B.C. TIMELINE: Hominid Species ... DISPELLING DINOSAUR MYTHS - more on Dinosaurs on my Other Subjects page. Introduction to the Cenozoic Life of the Cenozoic The Pleistocene Ice Ages ... The History of Medicine - Prehistoric Man COMPREHENSIVE SITES (Includes links to many cultures) TIMELINE: Ancient History TIMELINE: Ancient Civilizations TIMELINE: Ancient Art History MAPS: Index of Places in Ancient Times ... The Amazing Ancient World - Premier Ancient Civilization Internet Book - a FABULOUS site! If you don't find here, you won't find it anywhere!

46. Ancient History Phoenician settlements on coast of what is now Syria and Lebanon. one ofthem, Seleucis I, establishes middle east empire with capitals at Antioch http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0001198.html

Ads_kid=80235;Ads_bid=0;Ads_xl=0;Ads_yl=0;Ads_xp='';Ads_yp='';Ads_xp1='';Ads_yp1='';Ads_opt=0;Ads_wrd='';Ads_prf='';Ads_par='';Ads_cnturl='';Ads_sec=0;Ads_channels='_GNM_Family,_GNM_QLook,_GNM_QPlus,_GNM_RON_Pop-Under,_GNM_RON_Pop-Up,_GNM_RON_Q,_GNM_Under18'; Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... World History Ancient History Before Christ (B.C.) or Before the Common Era (B.C.E.) B.C. World History Some Ancient Civilizations Ra, Egyptian Sun God B.C. See also Egyptian Mythology The Great Pyramid at Giza (c. 2680 B.C. Kim Storm B.C. Peter F. Harrington Pythagoras B.C. Buddha B.C. B.C. B.C. See also Greek and Roman Mythology Tina Diodati Plato B.C. Augustus Caesar B.C. A.D. Mayan Hieroglyphics (c. 200 B.C. Pantheon in Rome(27 B.C. ; c. A.D. See also Greek and Roman Mythology Elaine Ouellette 4.5 billion B.C. Planet Earth formed. 3 billion B.C. First signs of primeval life (bacteria and blue-green algae) appear in oceans. 600 million B.C.

47. Echmoun Temple, Lebanon  -  Travel Photos By Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wis Podium for the Phoenician Gods. Phoenicia, ancient designation of a narrow strip of which was then beginning to acquire an empire in the middle east, http://www.galenfrysinger.com/echmoun.htm

Echmoun A Phoenician Temple The principal God of the city of Sidon and his lover Astarte Podium for the Phoenician Gods Phoenicia , ancient designation of a narrow strip of territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, now largely in modern Lebanon. The territory, about 320 km (about 200 mi) long and from 8 to 25 km (5 to 15 mi) wide, was bounded on the east by the Lebanon Mountains. The southern boundary was Mount Carmel; the northern boundary was generally accepted to be the Eleutherus River, now called the Kabîr, which forms the northern boundary of Lebanon. Early Phoenician stonework (7th century B.C.) Although its inhabitants had a homogeneous civilization and considered themselves a single nation, Phoenicia was not a unified state but a group of city-kingdoms, one of which usually dominated the others. The most important of these cities were Simyra, Zarephath (Sarafand), Byblos , Jubeil, Arwad (Rouad), Acco (‘Akko), Sidon (Saydâ), Tripolis (Tripoli), Tyre (Sur), and Berytus ( Beirut ). The two most dominant were Tyre and Sidon, which alternated as sites of the ruling power.

48. Near Eastern Studies 181 Introduction to the History of the ancient Near east 192 First Year Seminarin ACABS 383 The ArabIsraeli Conflict in middle east Literature http://www.umich.edu/~neareast/courses.html

home about faculty programs ... affiliates :: courses Ancient Civilizations and Biblical Studies (Division 314) (ACABS) Fall 2005 Course Guide Fall 2005 Time Schedule 100 Peoples of the Middle East 101 Elementary Classical Hebrew I 102 Elementary Classical Hebrew II 121 Introduction to the Tanakh/Old Testament 122 Introduction to the New Testament 181 Introduction to the History of the Ancient Near East 192 First Year Seminar in ACABS 200 Introduction to World Religions: Near East 201 Intermediate Classical Hebrew I 202 Intermediate Classical Hebrew II 221 Jesus and the Gospels 261 Ancient Egypt: Religion and Culture 266 Before the Bible: The Phoenicians 270 Introduction to Rabbinic Literature 277 Land of Israel/Palestine through the Ages 281 Ancient Egypt and its World 283 The Beginnings of Christianity 291 Topics in ACABS 292 Seminar in ACABS 307 The Synoptic Gospels: Matthew, Mark, and Luke

49. Sicilian Peoples: The Phoenicians - Best Of Sicily Magazine - Phoenicians, Carth The phoenicians in Sicily. It has been suggested that the phoenicians,essentially a Semitic people, arrived in the middle east from the Persian Gulf http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art150.htm

Best of Sicily presents... Best of Sicily Magazine. Dedicated to Sicilian art, culture, history, people, places and all things Sicilian. This site better viewed with JavaScript or Scripting activated. Sicilian Peoples: The Phoenicians by Vincenzo Salerno Magazine Index Best of Sicily Fashion About Us ... Map of Sicily Some Terms B.C. - Before the traditional birth of Jesus Christ. Also B.C.E., before the "common" era. Bronze Age - Era of first tools and weapons made from copper and bronze, in Greece beginning around 3000 BC, prior to Iron Age. Copper Age - Earliest period of the Bronze Age, varying by region, before copper was alloyed with tin to form bronze for tools and weapons. Early Minoan - Minoan (Cretan) civilization from 4000 BC to 2100 BC. Indo-European - Many societies of Europe, southern Asia and southwest Asia, identifiable by 1000 BC based on linguistic similarities. Iron Age - Era of tools made from iron, beginning around 1200 BC, in Greece around 1100 BC, in Sicily probably with Greeks circa 700 BC. Followed Bronze Age. Late Bronze Age - In Sicily the era from about 1270 BC until circa 650 BC, immediately prior to Iron Age introduced by Greeks.

50. Near Eastern Languages And Civilization Near eastern Studies Biblical and ancient. 73 credits as follows The library participated in the Library of Congress middle east Cooperative program http://www.washington.edu/students/gencat/academic/near_eastern.html

Search Directories Reference Tools UW Home ... Degree Programs Near Eastern Languages and Civilization 229 Denny Near Eastern languages and civilization focuses on the languages and civilizations of the Near East with an emphasis on the ancient and medieval roots of these civilizations as well as more recent cultural developments. Each language offered represents a major literary tradition. Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Central Asian Turkic are the languages of the most significant literary manifestations of Islamic civilization. Hebrew and Aramaic are the languages of the Bible and are central to Judaism and Jewish culture. Egyptian languages (Coptic, Hieroglyphic) and other Mesopotamian and Mediterranean languages (Akkadian, Ugaritic, Phoenician) are important to the ancient and Christian cultures of the Near East. These languages are taught in conjunction with courses on the social, cultural, and religious history of the Near East, providing students with a broad understanding and solid foundation for more advanced studies or professional career development. Undergraduate Program Adviser 229B Denny, Box 353120

51. New Page 4 bullet, The History of the ancient Near east extensive info and links! bullet,History of the middle east Data Base http://www.historyteacher.net/GlobalStudies/MidEast_EarlyHistory.htm

Geography Nations Early History Culture ... The Urban River Valley Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Ancient Egypt: The Akhet-Aten Home Page - The internet source for Amarna period information Akhet Egyptology: The Horizon to the Past Amarna Letters Amarna Resources ... Part 3 - by Dr. Sameh M. Arab; via Arab World Books Memphis (1) Memphis (2) Memphis of the White Walls by Marie Parsons Mysteries of Egypt (Civilization.ca) ... World Heritage Sites in Egypt Ancient Mesopotamia: About Cuneiform Writing. . . Akkad The Ancient Cultures of Mesopotamia Ancient Mesopotamia - An In-Depth ... Ziggurats of Mesopotamia Ancient Israel: Ancient Jewish History (JVL) Biblical Archaeology: The Stones Cry Out Biblical Beginnings in Canaan Biblical Studies - Resource Pages ... Women of Ancient Israel Ancient Persia: 7000 Years of Persian Art Ancient Iran - Persepolis - Persia Ancient Persia AVESTA Zoroastrian Archives ... ZoroastrianNet Ancient Anatolia: Anatolia- A Journey into the Heart of History Çatal Hüyük - excavation of a Neolithic city Çatalhöyük – Archaeological Site Mysteries of Çatal Höüyk ... of the Hittites Ancient Phoenicia: A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia and the Phoenicians, Punic, Canaanites The Phoenician Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Phoeniciana

52. Ancient Near East: Internet Resources Mesopotamia, Egypt and the ancient Near east World Civilizations Reader, CUNY, NY There are also links to photographic archives of early middle east http://www.internet-at-work.com/hos_mcgrane/mesopotamia/eg_neast_intro.html

[Grade 6 Projects] [Ancient History Menu] Ms Hos-McGrane's Grade 6 Social Studies Class Welcome to our Ancient Near East Internet Resources Page [Agricultural Revolution] [Mesopotamia: General Resources] [Mesopotamia: Lecture Notes] [Student Projects] ... [Return to Ancient History Menu] Student Projects on Ancient Near East Track Star: Mesopotamia: Student Activity Marilee Lindgren This track is designed for the use of students. The goal is for students to learn more about some aspects of Ancient Mesopotamia by following selected web links. Topics include: artifacts, the wheel, chariots, sailboats, maps, and Hammurabi's Code. This is part of a larger site Track Star , web-based lessons desiged by other teachers and archived at this site. Mesopotamia Urbana Middle School, Illinois Classroom projects, artifacts and selected links produced by middle school classes in as part of a museum grant to provide middle school ancient history resources on the Internet. Visitors to the site will find student projects on a variety of topics including: Hanging Gardens and Ziggurat , Tablet, Cylinder Seal and Bulla, Cities, Wheels, Writing, Religion, Helmets, and Sumerian City - Ur. Ancient Mesopotamia Grade Six Projects. William Penn Charter School, Philadelphia, PA

53. Mr. Dowling's African History Page civilizations of West Africa in a lesson designed for middle school students . ancient Egypt Western Religions The middle east and North Africa http://www.mrdowling.com/609ancafr.html

Home E-Mail Download Lessons Interactive Quiz ... South America A Great Oral Tradition The European colonial powers called Africa “the Dark Continent” when they began their explorations. They saw it as a vast and dangero us place filled with savage people, but Africa has been home to many advanced, exotic civilizations. Many have been buried beneath the sands of time, but we know of others, and archaeologists continue to uncover more clues about ancient African civilizations. West Africa has a great oral tradition. A griot is a learned storyteller, entertainer, and historian. Often a griot will memorize the genealogy, or family history, of everyone in a village going back centuries. American writer Alex Haley met a griot in 1966 that had memorized the entire story of the village of Juffure to a date two centuries in the past when his ancestor was enslaved. “The old griot had talked for nearly two hours up to then . . . ‘the oldest of these fours sons, Kunta, went away from his village and he was never seen again’ . . . I sat as if I were carved of stone. My blood seemed to have congealed. This man whose lifetime had been in this back-country African village had no way in the world to know that he had just echoed what I had heard all through my boyhood years on my grandma’s front porch in Henning, Tennessee.”

54. Canaanite Middle East History And Civilizations : BaghdadMuseum.info BaghdadMuseum.info, middle eastern Archaeology and Culture 03 ancient andMedieval middle east Resources Columbia University http://www.baghdadmuseum.info/civilizations/canaanite.html

BaghdadMuseum.info Middle Eastern Archaeology and Culture home topics news articles ... civilizations >> canaanite Canaanite directory introduction : this canaanite and civilizations directory page is integrated thematically within this meta-resource for canaanite information .. the resource links on this page may have been reviewed by an editor for general as well as specific canaanite and civilizations links, reviews, images, books, articles, forums, and possibly even canaanite related jobs. Canaanite : featured items about ANE NEWS: Access to the Iraq museum Ancient and Medieval Middle East Resources: Columbia University Archaeology and Museums ... UCLA Language Materials Levantine Arabic Language Profile related items for Canaanite about Canaan and Ancient Israel - Online Exhibit History of Palestine - Timeline - Ancient to 20th Century FOOTNOTES for CANAANITE and CIVILIZATIONS: listhost.uchicago.edu/pipermail/ane/2004-June listhost.uchicago.edu/pipermail/ane/2004-June www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/Midd :: results for canaanite Selected links provided by the Columbia University Department of Middle East Studies. Features incude .. Akkadian language: Babylonian and Assyrian cuneiform texts .. Ancient Near East Costumes .. Aram Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies .. Babylonian and Egyptian Mat

55. Dr. J's On-Line Survey Of Audio-Visual Resources For Classics: Middle And Near E slide3.gif (351 bytes) Art of the Near and middle east. map.gif (1214 bytes)The ancient Near east and Lands of the Bible (1991). http://lilt.ilstu.edu/drjclassics2/Files/middleneareast.shtm

Click on this photo for Dr J's Illustrated Guide to the Classical World Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics SEARCH THIS SITE FAQ HOME Directory of Distributors General Ancient World Civilizations Middle and Near East Civilizations Archaeology Databases Greco-Roman Civilization Mythology Philosophy Greek Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Greek Literature Epic Drama Greek Language Study Music Grammar, Vocabulary, Works Performance Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts Roman Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Roman Conquered Lands ... Pompeii, etc. Latin literature Poetry Drama Latin Language Study Music Games Performances Grammar, Vocabulary, Works ... Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts The Classical Legacy In Our Language In Our Culture In Shakespeare In Film Elementary/Middle School Mythology Archaeology Aesop's Fables Ancient World Civilizations ... Roman Civilization Miscellaneous Apparel Art Replicas Coins, Jewelry, Medals Miscellanea ... Stationery MIDDLE AND NEAR EAST cd-roms instructional videos books on audio cassette slides ... posters CD-ROMs WORLD HISTORY PICTUREPACKS: Early Middle Eastern Civilization to 500 BC (Instructional Resources Corporation, 2000). CD-ROM (

56. Dr. J's On-Line Survey Of Audio-Visual Resources For Classics: Elementary World middle school. Gifts of Mesopotamia, Romans, ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, Focuses primarily on the mighty Bronze Age Empires of the middle east, http://lilt.ilstu.edu/drjclassics2/Files/elementaryworld.shtm

Click on this photo for Dr J's Illustrated Guide to the Classical World Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics SEARCH THIS SITE FAQ HOME Directory of Distributors General Ancient World Civilizations Middle and Near East Civilizations Archaeology Databases Greco-Roman Civilization Mythology Philosophy Greek Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Greek Literature Epic Drama Greek Language Study Music Grammar, Vocabulary, Works Performance Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts Roman Culture Civilization Art and Archaeology Games Roman Conquered Lands ... Pompeii, etc. Latin literature Poetry Drama Latin Language Study Music Games Performances Grammar, Vocabulary, Works ... Materials Keyed to Specific Language Texts The Classical Legacy In Our Language In Our Culture In Shakespeare In Film Elementary/Middle School Mythology Archaeology Aesop's Fables Ancient World Civilizations ... Roman Civilization Miscellaneous Apparel Art Replicas Coins, Jewelry, Medals Miscellanea ... Stationery ELEMENTARY/MIDDLE SCHOOL NEW 8/02 ! An Annotated Bibliographic Resource for Teaching Latin to Elementary School Students ANCIENT WORLD CIVILIZATIONS (see also the "Ancient World Civilizations"

57. Columbia University Introduction to Major Topics in Oriental Civilization The middle east and India Introduction to the Civilization of the ancient Near east http://fp.arizona.edu/mesassoc/Directory/Columbia.htm

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY New York, New York Program Department of Middle East and Asian Languages and Cultures Center for Iranian Studies Center for Turkish Studies Center for Armenian Studies Center for Israel and Jewish Studies Middle East Institute Degrees Offered Certificate BA MA Mphil PhD Middle East Languages Arabic (3 years plus, including Colloquial, Classical and Con­temporary Literature and Cultural History) Aramaic Hebrew (3 years plus, Modern, in­cluding Modern Hebrew Literature) Persian (3 years plus, including Prose and Poetry) Turkish (3 years plus, Modern and Ottoman, including Ottoman and Modern Literature and Folk Literature) Armenian (3 years plus, including the History of Literature and Cultures from Pre-Classical Times to World War II) Bengali Hindi Nepali Sanskrit Tibetan Akkadian (Elementary, Intermediate, Advanced) Urdu Courses Anthropology Prehistory of Southwest Asia and the Near East Peoples of the Old World: The Middle East Culture Change in the Middle East Peoples and Cultures of North Africa and the Middle East Art History and Archaeology Islamic Art and Society Egyptian History, Culture and Art

58. University Of Michigan Janet Richards (archaeology Northeast Africa and ancient Near east) Robin Barlow (economic development of contemporary middle east) http://fp.arizona.edu/mesassoc/Directory/Michigan.htm

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, Michigan Program Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies Degrees Offered BA MA PhD Middle East Languages Arabic (Modern Standard-Elementary to Advanced, Intensive, Colloquial Egyptian, Syrian, Arabic of the Communications Media) Turkish (Elementary, Intermediate, Introductory Ottoman, Azeri Turkish) Persian (Elementary, Intermediate, Middle Persian and Parthian, Old Persian, Avestan) Hebrew (Modern Elementary, Intermediate, Hebrew of Communications Media, Biblical Elementary, Intermediate) Aramaic Ugaritic Akkadian Middle Egyptian Coptic Language I, II Armenian (through Center for Russian and East European Studies) Courses Ancient and Biblical Languages Akkadian Royal Inscriptions and Historical Texts Akkadian Literary Texts Middle Egyptian Readings Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Mari Texts Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Late-Babylonian Texts Northwest Semitic Inscriptions Anthropology Peoples and Cultures of the Near East and North Africa The Dawn of Mesopotamian Civilization Comparative Political Organization Near Eastern Prehistory Ethnology of the Near East and North Africa Near Eastern Social Systems Seminar in Mediterranean Anthropology Seminar in Political Anthropol­ogy Problems in Old World Prehistory Arabic Introduction to Arabic Linguistics Introduction to Arabic Culture and Language Arabic Phonology and Morphology Arabic Syntax and Semantics Arabic Historical Linguistics and Dialectology Arabic Literature in Translation

59. History Of The Mediterranean Region: Information From Answers.com The phoenicians spread through the western Mediterranean including North Africa Alexander s empire quickly disintegrated, and the middle east, Egypt, http://www.answers.com/topic/history-of-the-mediterranean-region

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping history of the Mediterranean region Wikipedia history of the Mediterranean region The history of the Mediterranean region is the history of the interaction of the cultures and peoples of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea superhighway of transport, trade and cultural exchange between diverse peoples. Its history is important to understanding the origin and development of the Egyptian Greek Latin Arab/Persian ... Western Civilization as we understand it today. Ancient Two of the first human civilizations began in the Mediterranean area. The Nile River valley was unified under the Pharaohs in the fourth millennium BC. Soon after, civilization developed in Mesopotamia and quickly spread through the fertile crescent to the east coast of the sea and throughout the Levant , which happens to make the Mediterranean countries of Syria Lebanon , and Israel part of the Cradle of Humanity . These areas shared similar climates and geographies, but it was more difficult to spread technologies and crops to other portions of the Mediterranean basin.

60. Phoenician Languages -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article and who inhabits much of the middle east and northern Africa) Arab conquest the The earliest known inscriptions in Phoenician come from (An ancient http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/p/ph/phoenician_languages.htm

Phoenician languages [Categories: Canaanite languages] Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal region then called (An ancient maritime country (a collection of city states) at eastern end of the Mediterranean) Phoenicia (now Lebanon). Phoenician was a (Click link for more info and facts about Semitic language) Semitic language of the (The extinct language of the Semitic people who occupied Canaan before the Israelite conquest) Canaanite subgroup, closely related to (The ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel) Hebrew . It is known only from inscriptions - such as Ahiram's coffin, Kilamuwa's tomb, Yehawmilk's at (An ancient Mediterranean seaport that was a thriving city state in Phoenicia during the second millenium BC; was the chief port for the export of papyrus; located in Lebanon north of Beirut; now partially excavated) Byblos , etc. - and occasional glosses in books in other languages; Roman authors such as (Click link for more info and facts about Sallust) Sallust allude to books in Punic, but none have survived (except occasionally in translation; eg Mago's treatise.) The significantly divergent later form of the language that was spoken in the Phoenician colony

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