41. Contaminants, Body Burdens, And Illnesses - DrGreene America’s Children and the environment Measures of Contaminants, Children may be exposed to pesticides and other contaminants in their food and through http://www.drgreene.com/21_1440.html

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42. Pesticides In The Environment pesticides that move away from the release site may cause environmental contamination. Persistent pesticides leave residues that stay in the environment http://pested.unl.edu/pat4.htm

Pesticides in the Environment Learning Objectives After you complete your study of this unit, you should be able to: Explain the meaning of the word "environment". Distinguish between point-sources and non-point-sources of environmental contamination by pesticides. List factors to consider when you accidentally or intentionally release a pesticide into the environment. Explain why sensitive areas are important considerations for pesticide handlers. Name the routes by which pesticides can move offsite into the environment. Describe factors that influence whether pesticides will move offsite in the air. Describe factors that influence whether pesticides will move offsite in water. Describe ways that pesticides move offsite in or on objects, plants, or animals. Recognize that nontarget plants and animals can be harmed by both pesticides and pesticide residues. Describe harmful effects that pesticides can have on surfaces. Pesticides in the Environment The environment is everything around us. It includes not only the natural elements that the word "environment" most often brings to mind, but also people and the manmade components of our world. The environment is not limited to the outdoors it also includes the indoor areas where we live and work. The environment, then, is much more than the oceans and the ozone layer. It is air, soil, water, plants, animals, houses, restaurants, office buildings, and factories and all that they contain. Anyone who uses a pesticide indoors or outdoors, in a city or in the country must consider how that pesticide will affect the environment.

43. Pesticide Education Resources, University Of Nebraska pesticides Protection of the environment, American Assoc. of Pesticide Safety Pesticide Properties, Labels and MSDS, environmental Protection Agency http://pested.unl.edu/

About Us Search This Site The Label Newsletter ... Lincoln Weather Visitors since 1/12/96 Pesticide Safety Programs - Nebraska Cockroach Control Manual Cockroach Combat Workshops Creating a Horticultural Paradise Master Gardener Education Pesticide Safety Education Programs Pesticide Container Recycling Program School IPM Subterranean Termite Handbook Termite Control Workshop Video: IPM for the Backyard Farmer Video: Pesticide Mixer-Loaders Video: Soybean Aphid Management Wild World of Pest Management American Assoc. of Pesticide Safety Educators Endangered Species Protection Program Environmental Protection Agency EPA Office of Pesticide Programs EXTOXNET (EXtension TOXicology NETwork) EXTOXNET - Pesticide Information Profiles (Cornell) Fertilizer and Pesticide Containment Guidelines Industry Taskforce II on 2,4-D Research Data NPIC - National Pesticide Information Center Rinsing Pesticide Containers Spray Drift of Pesticides Pesticide-Related NebGuide Index Health Protection and Pesticide Safety American Assoc. of Pesticide Safety Educators

44. Entrez PubMed Gerlach ER, Reist W. MeSH Terms Air Pollution Curriculum* Ecology Environmental Health/education* pesticides Water Pollution http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=5

45. FADINAP PESTICIDE AND ENVIRONMENT DATABASE The Database on pesticides and the environment is the result of information compiled from 1992 to 1996. Although, it may be out of date in some areas, http://www.fadinap.org/pesticide/

European Community / Economic and Social Comission for Asia and the Pacific Commission - FADINAP (Bangkok, Thailand) Brunei Darussalam - Cambodia - China - Indonesia - Lao PDR - Malaysia - Philippines - Singapore - Thailand - Viet Nam Active Ingredient Commercial products Pesticides use Links ... Email The Database on Pesticides and the Environment is the result of information compiled from 1992 to 1996. Although, it may be out of date in some areas, e.g. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and Acceptable Daily Intake (ADIs) and may contains other inaccuracies, it constitutes a unique source of information on pesticides used in Asia. For the first time, to our knowledge, pesticides widely used in Asia were put in a direct relationship with their environmental and health effects. An attempt was also made attracting the attention of the users of the database to environmentally friendlier alternatives of crop protection, e.g. through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods. Rural Development Section ESCAP - United Nations Building Rajadamnoern Avenue Bangkok 10200 - Thailand Tel: (662) 288 1394 - Fax: (662) 288 1056 - Email: hegenbarth.unescap@un.org

46. EPA Pesticides The environment matters fact sheet What are pesticides provides further For more information on handling pesticides see the environment matters http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/pesticides/default.htm

47. EPA | How Pesticides Work Many modern pesticides do not persist for long in the environment. They act quickly and are then degraded to nontoxic substances by chemical or microbial http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/envirom/pesthwwrk.htm

var isHomepage = false; Contacts Feedback Search whole of DEC Botanic Gardens Trust ... Environmental links Search Change text size Sitemap Help Environment matters ... Waste Pesticides How pesticides work Managing pesticides Pesticides Act 1999 What are pesticides? How to respond to pesticide misuse ... Hazardous substances - road transport of dangerous goods How pesticides work A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances used to destroy, suppress or alter the life cycle of any pest. A pesticide can be a naturally derived or synthetically produced substance. A pesticide can also be an organism including, for example, a genetically modified crop. Pesticides include bactericides, baits, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, lures, rodenticides and repellents. It is important that pesticides are used only where they are absolutely justified. So it is essential that you carefully identify the pest you wish to control and then fully consider all the control options. If you choose to use a pesticide, ensure that it is registered for your target pest in your particular circumstances, and always follow all the instructions on the pesticide label or Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) permit. How do pesticides work?

48. PestFacts.org - Facts About Pesticides You Should Know We share our environment with pests insects, weeds and other pathogens information about the responsible use of pesticides to manage the threat these http://www.pestfacts.org/

We are not alone. We share our environment with pests insects, weeds and other pathogens that cause damage, disease, and destruction. PestFacts.org is a not-for-profit web site that provides science-based information about the responsible use of pesticides to manage the threat these pests pose to human health and safety. Home Contact Library Headlines ... Other Links What's New USDA and Department of Defense Fight Pests The USDA's Agricultural Research Service has partnered with the Defense Department to protect troops from insect vectors - such as mosquitoes, fleas and flies - which can cause disease and hamper miliatry operations. Click here for more Spraying stops disease-carrying mosquitoes when West Nile virus peaks August and September are peak months for West Nile virus and may prompt public health officials to implement local spray programs deterring the spread of the mosquito-borne disease. Read the RISE press release Visit westnilevirusfacts.org

49. Pesticides - About.com Environmental Issues Guide Site Information about pesticides and alternatives to their use. Help prevent potential adverse public health and environmental effects associated with the use http://environment.about.com/od/pesticides/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Environmental Issues Health and Toxics Toxics Pesticides Environmental Issues Essentials Glossary Image Gallery ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Environmental Issues newsletter! See Online Courses Search Environmental Issues Pesticides Information about pesticides and their alternatives. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Pesticides and Human Health A fact sheet from the Environmental Media Services about pesticides and human health. Pesticides - FAQs Frequently asked questions about pesticides from your About.com Environmental Issues Guide site. A Word about Risk - Pesticide Exposure Risk factors for pesticide use and common routes of exposure for children. Pesticides and Children Exposure is the most important factor determining children's increased risk from pesticides. Reducing Childhood Exposures to Pesticides How to protect your children from unnecessary pesticide exposure. Tips for parents reprinted form Environmental Media Services. more from your guide Pesticides in Produce A new report released today suggests that consumers can lower their pesticide exposure by 90 percent by avoiding the top twelve most contaminated fruits and vegetables.

50. Apo_1 Meeting on pesticides – environmental effects. Ispra, 1011 June 2002 ECB invite both pesticides-environment and environment Group to comment and agree http://ecb.jrc.it/classlab/agenda/0902r4_ag_PE0602.htm

EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL JRC JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for Health and Consumer Protection Unit: Toxicology and Chemical Substances European Chemicals Bureau ECBI/09/02 Rev. 4 9 June 2002 AGENDA FOLLOW-UP Commission Working Group on the Classification and Labelling of Dangerous Substances Ispra, 10-11 June 2002 The meeting will start at on 10th June and finish at on 11th June Participants of this meeting are invited to participate at the session on general issues of the Meeting on Environmental Effects, starting at 14h00 on 11th June and finishing at 12h30 on 12th June 1. Adoption of the draft agenda (ECBI/09/02 ) 2. Adoption of the draft summary record of the meeting held on 14-15 June 2001 (ECBI/01/02) concluded classifications (ECB/46/01 Rev.1) participant list 3. Draft summary record of the Environmental Meeting - General Issues November 2001 4. Discussion* of the classification for environmental effects of the following pesticides reviewed under 91/414/EC : *discussion *for information only 4.1 "Continued" discussion

51. Defra , UK - Department For Environment Food And Rural Affairs Defra website home page Department for environment, Food and Rural Affairs. New website provides pesticides advice for gardeners (28/07/05) http://www.defra.gov.uk/

Defra works for the essentials of life: water, food, air, land, people, animals and plants What we do Environmental Protection Farming Fisheries Horticulture ... Sustainable Development Find out more What's new About us Contact us Defra's ministers ... Links Latest news Affordable Rural Housing Commission meets, website launched Older cattle to enter food chain subject to BSE testing New figures show increase in recycling Previous news... Focus Remote Yorkshire community to reap the benefits of broadband Previous stories... Media centre News releases, ministers' statements and speeches, information bulletins Read more... Search Index A B C D ... X Y Z Quick links Access to open country Avian influenza (HPAI) CAP - Single Payment Scheme Climate change ... Privacy

52. Defra, UK - Environmental Protection - Pesticides Forum - Page Redirection Defra (Department for environment, Food and Rural Affairs) logo link to The pesticides Forum is now being managed by the pesticides Safety http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/pesticidesforum/

Skip navigation Environmental protection Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Environmental Protection Pesticides Forum Environmental Protection Index Air Quality Chemicals Climate Change ... Other material The Pesticides Forum is now being managed by the Pesticides Safety Directorate and the relevant web pages have now been transferred to their web site. See: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp Page last modified 22 June, 2004 Top Help Feedback Access Keys ... Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

53. EXTOXNET FAQs - Pesticides, The Environment, And You EXTOXNET FAQs pesticides How they Affect You and the environment pesticides How They Affect You And The environment. http://extoxnet.orst.edu/faqs/pesticide/pesthome.htm

Pesticides: How They Affect You And The Environment. The food Americans eat must be free from unsafe pesticide residues. Infants and children especially must be protected from the health threats posed by pesticide residues, because they are among the most vulnerable groups in our society. W ith statements like this, it's easy to see that pesticides are a concern to everyone. So, what are pesticides, what do they do, where are they used, how are they used , and why are they on food? These are just a few of the questions that many people ask about pesticides. The following pages have been developed to help answer some of the most frequelntly asked questions that you may have about pesticides and how they affect us and the world we live in. Questions About Pesticide Exposure Questions About Pesticides in Food Questions About Pesticide Environmental Fate Questions About What is in Pesticides - Inert Ingredients Questions About Gardening and Pesticides Questions About Endocrine Disruptors Pesticides in Drinking Water Extoxnet FAQHome This Page prepared by B.T. Johnson

54. G7520 Pesticides And The Environment, MU Extension Once a pesticide is introduced into the environment, whether through an application, The three major fate processes of pesticides in the environment are http://muextension.missouri.edu/explore/agguides/pests/g07520.htm

County and regional extension centers University of Missouri-Columbia Search University of Missouri-Columbia Alianzas Community Connection Fire and Rescue Training Missouri Business Missouri Families University of Missouri-Kansas City University of Missouri-Rolla University of Missouri-St. Louis World Wide Web for A to Z index About Career opportunities Contact us ... Pride points Go to Mizzou without going to Mizzou Instant access Education Center for Distance and Independent Study Mizzou online MU Direct: Continuing and Distance Education ... Webmail, system MU Extension publications Explore topics Aging Agriculture Business and Industry ... Questions and answers Search publications only All words Any word Agriculture publications Agricultural Chemistry Agricultural Economics Agricultural Engineering ... Wildlife and Wildlife Pests Insects and diseases publications Diseases Home and Garden Integrated Pest Management Livestock and Crops ... Safety Pesticides and the Environment C.L. Brown and W.K. Hock Penn State University Darryl P. Sanders Department of Entomology James H. Jarman

55. Pesticides - Making The Right Choice For The Protection Of Health And The Enviro Increasing Levels of pesticides in the Urban environment pesticides in the Aquatic environment environmental Research Programs http://www.parl.gc.ca/InfoComDoc/36/2/ENVI/Studies/Reports/envi01/04-toc-e.html

PESTICIDES MAKING THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT Report of the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development May 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAIR'S PREFACE TO THE REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: KEY DIRECTIONS FOR CHANGE INTRODUCTION PART A: BACKGROUND 1. THE FEDERAL REGULATORY SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF THE PEST MANAGEMENT REGULATORY AGENCY 2. THE NEED FOR NEW LEGISLATION An Outdated Statute Guiding Principles for the New Legislation PART B: PESTICIDES AND THEIR HARMFUL EFFECTS 3. HISTORY OF PESTICIDE USE The Main Classes of Chemical Pesticides Sectors of Pesticide Use General Characteristics of Pesticides ... Research on Protecting Vulnerable Groups PART C: THE REGULATORY SYSTEM 8. RISK AND VALUE ASSESSMENTS Risk Assessment Human Health Toxicity ... Special Reviews PART D: PESTICIDE REDUCTION 11. ALTERNATIVES TO PESTICIDES Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management Research and Strategies Government Research ... Gradual Reduction in the Use of Pesticides for Cosmetic Purposes PART E: A MORE OPEN AND TRANSPARENT PROCESS 13. INFORMING AND INVOLVING THE CANADIAN PUBLIC

56. Pesticides - Making The Right Choice For The Protection Of Health And The Enviro 4.1 pesticides are released into the environment through human activities. Once in the environment, certain pesticides break down relatively quickly, http://www.parl.gc.ca/InfoComDoc/36/2/ENVI/Studies/Reports/envi01/11-ch4-e.html

4. PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT Transportation and Dispersion of Pesticides in Soil, Air and Water 4.1 Pesticides are released into the environment through human activities. They may contribute to point source pollution and area source pollution. A point source of pollution is a source such as an urban water collection system outfall which discharges pesticide-contaminated water at a specific location. An area source, for example, is one which discharges earth contaminated by pesticides into the aquatic environment. Agricultural area pollution is the greatest and most problematic source of pollution in aquatic environments in Canada. Once in the environment, certain pesticides break down relatively quickly, whereas others persist over longer periods of time and can accumulate or transform into contaminant by-products. In addition to movement through soil, pesticides can be mobilized by precipitation and wind. 4.2 Committee members learned from the testimony of Dr. Bernard Hill a scientist with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Lethbridge Research Centre, that precipitation helps pesticides disperse far from their source through the natural phenomena of water evaporation and condensation. A study conducted in Alberta in 1998 showed that large quantities of the herbicide 2,4-D were found in precipitation in that region, even though that product breaks down quickly in the presence of oxygen. Researchers developed a number of hypotheses to explain this phenomenon which is specific to the Lethbridge area. They believe that the presence of pesticides in rain reflects the fact that Lethbridge farmers are among the greatest 2,4-D users in Alberta (more than 20,000 kg of 2,4-D is applied for grain production annually).

57. Beyond Pesticides - Children And Schools Children, pesticides and Schools. School environment Protection Act (SEPA). Federal School Pesticide/Pest Management Legislation http://www.beyondpesticides.org/schools/sepa/

Alerts Media Publications SEPA (School Environmental Protection Act) ... Home Children, Pesticides and Schools School Environment Protection Act (SEPA) Federal School Pesticide/Pest Management Legislation Protects Children From Hazardous Pesticides Used In and Around Schools Your U.S. Senators and Representative Need To Hear From You. Communities across the country are acting in increasing numbers to protect children from pesticides used at their schools, yet there are no national protections or standards for children. To correct this situation and ensure national leadership in protecting children from a daily dose of hazardous chemicals in their classrooms, playgrounds and ballfields, support is needed on federal legislation, entitled the School Environment Protection Act (SEPA). SEPA is critical to providing a safer and healthier environment for our children to learn. It is the result of an historic agreement between organizations representing the environment, children and labor, and groups representing the chemical and pest management industry and agriculture. SEPA provides basic levels of protection for children and school staff from the use of pesticides in public school buildings and on school grounds. This important piece of legislation requires public schools to implement safer approaches to pest management that rely on a range of non-chemical and chemical alternatives and requires notice be provided to parents and school staff when pesticides are used. The tools and experience to control school pests without using hazardous pesticides are available nationwide and have proven to be effective and economical. SEPA will help to put the alternatives in place. If pesticides are used, then clearly people have a right-to-know. The notification provisions are crucial to parent involvement.

58. Beyond Pesticides - Daily News Beyond pesticides promotes organic integrated pest management and threats to the environment related to GM crops in Beyond pesticides Daily News. http://www.beyondpesticides.org/news/daily.htm

Latest Daily News Stories Daily News Archives ... Beyond Pesticides Homepage Daily News what is this Updated on September 23, 2005 Environmental Groups Petition EPA to Retract Fluoride Pesticide Tolerances on Food Beyond Pesticides , September 23, 2005) Beyond Pesticides has joined with Fluoride Action Network and the Environmental Working Group in challenging the safety of new food tolerances issued by the EPA for the fluoride-based pesticide, sulfuryl fluoride. This action marks growing concern among mainstream scientists and environmental organizations that frequent exposure to fluoride, from water, food, and dental uses like toothpaste and rinses, is not safe for vulnerable populations, particularly young children. The challenge was directed at the maximum legal limits for the fluoride-based pesticide in foods, which have been set at levels that dwarf the amount allowed in tap water. In one case, the EPA is allowing 900 parts per million of fluoride in dried eggs, as opposed to the maximum 4 ppm allowed in tap water. One third of the nation's eggs are sold and consumed in dried, reconstituted form. The groups noted that 900 ppm set for dried eggs is extremely close to the amount used in toothpaste (1,000 ppm), a level that is considered toxic if consumed in greater than pea sized portions. "How can the EPA consider 900 ppm in eggs safe, while the Food and Drug Administration directs parents to call poison control centers if their children consume more than a pea sized portion of toothpaste with fluoride at 1,000 ppm?" asked Paul Connett, PhD, Executive Director of FAN. "Unlike toothpaste, eggs are meant to be eaten, not spit out."

59. Sierra Club Of Canada The negative effects of pesticides in the Canadian environment are already The Health and environment program area’s Pesticide Reduction program works http://www.sierraclub.ca/national/programs/health-environment/pesticides/index.s

Pesticides Safe Food and Sustainable Agriculture Toxics Water Quality ... Transition to a Sustainable Economy Sign up for SCC's Green Gazette e-newsletter Home Programs Pesticide Reduction Click here for a list of current fact sheets According to Canadian studies, DDT and DDE residual levels in the breast milk to Inuit women in the Eastern Arctic are 1210 parts per billion, compared to 171 parts per billion in women in Southern Ontario. The extreme levels of persistent pesticides in Arctic people and animals high on the food chain are largely a result of transboundary transport and bioaccumulation. Similar build-ups of other harmful pesticides have been recorded in various parts of Canada including the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence River and the Prairies. Over 34 million kilograms of pesticides are used annually across Canada. According to the National Research Council, expenditures on pesticides have doubled between 1980 and 1990 and have increased eightfold since 1970. The negative effects of pesticides in the Canadian environment are already evident and well documented. For example, autopsies performed on a group of Canada Geese that died inexplicably near Simcoe Ontario in September 1996 revealed that the grass and clover found in their digestive systems contained diazinon-a lethal chemical used on lawns. The birds were reported to have been behaving erratically and showed signs of blood in the feces and mucus streaming from their mouths.

60. Pesticide Reduction Pesticide Program Policy and Development. Environmental Management Program Chemical Use Policy Washington State Pesticide Environmental Stewardship http://seattle.gov/environment/pesticides.htm

paGe="pesticidereduction" SEATTLE.GOV City Services Staff Directory About Seattle ... City Contacts SEARCH: Home About OSE Site Directory About OSE Accomplishments Environmmental Action Agenda Climate Protection Climate Initiative - Kyoto Chemical Use Reduction Clean Air Environmental Action Agenda Environmental Management Program Events Calendar Green Fleets Green Seattle Guide Green Seattle Initiative Legislation Links - City Links - External Message from OSE Director News Stories PBTs Pesticide Reduction Pesticide Tier Tables Publications and Reports (OSE) Segway Life Cycle Cost Analysis Sustainable Infrastructure Resource Directory Sustainable Purchasing Treated Wood Trees - Contacts Urban Forest West Nile Virus What's New Pesticide Reduction What are the goals of the Pesticide Reduction Program? The two main goals of the program are (1) to eliminate the use of the most potentially hazardous herbicides and insecticides and (2) to achieve a 30 percent reduction in overall pesticide use. These are aggressive goals considering the grounds staff have been practicing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for over 20 years, using pest prevention and mechanical and cultural methods in landscape maintenance. Why does the City have a Pesticide Reduction Program?

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