21. Peru - Indigenous Peoples peru. indigenous peoples. The word indio, as applied to native highland peopleof Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-10243.html

Country Listing Peru Table of Contents Peru Indigenous Peoples The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century. The regions and departments with the largest populations of native peoples are construed to be the most backward, being the poorest, least educated, and less developed. They are also the ones with the highest percentages of Quechua and Aymara speakers. The reasons for the perpetuation of colonial values with respect to autochthonous peoples is complex, being more than a simple perseverance of custom. The social condition of the population owes its form to the kinds of expectations embedded in the premises and workings of the nation's institutions. These are not easily altered. Spanish institutions of conquest were implanted into colonial life as part of the strategy for ruling conquered peoples: the indigenous people were defeated and captured and thus, as spoils of war, were as exploitable as mineral wealth or land. In the minds of many highland mestizos as well as betteroff urbanites, they still are.

22. Peru - Indigenous Rebellions peru. indigenous Rebellions. An upsurge in native discontent and rebellion had To survive their brutal subjugation, the indigenous peoples had early on http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-10210.html

Country Listing Peru Table of Contents Peru Indigenous Rebellions An upsurge in native discontent and rebellion had actually begun to occur in the eighteenth century. To survive their brutal subjugation, the indigenous peoples had early on adopted a variety of strategies but were never as passive as portrayed in the scholarly literature until recently. To endure, the native Americans did indeed have to adapt to Spanish domination. As often as not, however, they found ways of asserting their own interests. After the conquest, the crown had assumed from the Incas patrimony over all native land, which it granted in usufruct to indigenous community families, in exchange for tribute payments and mita labor services. This system became the basis for a long-lasting alliance between the colonial state and the native communities, bolstered over the years by the elaboration of a large body of protective legislation. Crown officials, such as the corregidores de indios , were charged with the responsibility of protecting natives from abuse at the hands of the colonists, particularly the alienation of their land to private landholders. Nevertheless, the colonists and their native allies, the curacas , often in collusion with the corregidores and local priests, found ways of circumventing crown laws and gaining control of native American lands and labor. To counter such exploitation and to conserve their historical rights to the land, many native American leaders shrewdly resorted to the legal system. Litigation did not always suffice, of course, and Andean history is full of desperate native peasant rebellions.

23. Peru - Indigenous Peoples The word indio, as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin,carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among nonnative http://countrystudies.us/peru/38.htm

Indigenous Peoples Peru Table of Contents The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century.

24. Indigenous Peoples Of South America This site presents information on indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central, vast windy Titicaca plateau of the central Andes in modern peru and Bolivia. http://gosouthamerica.about.com/od/indigenouspeoples/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Travel South America for Visitors History Indigenous Peoples Travel Go South America Essentials Plan Your Trip ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the South America for Visitors newsletter! See Online Courses Search South America for Visitors Indigenous Peoples of South America History, anthroplogy, descriptions, customs, languages and current status of the indigenous tribes of South America. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Abipon "The Abipon were an indigenous people of South America. They lived in the lower Bermejo River area in the Argentine Gran Chaco. The tribe was one of the tribes that belonged to the linguistic group Guaycuru." Abya Yala Net "This site presents information on Indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central, and South America." Amazon Tribes: Isolated by Choice? "No one knows precisely how many people live in isolation from the industrial-technological world. Many of these people, perhaps thousands, are believed to thrive in the remote stretches of the Amazon River Basin of South America." Andean History "At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the last years of the fifteenth century, the native population of the South America, was estimated to have numbered 10 to 15 million, more than half of whom lived in the the northern and central Andes and adjacent areas."

25. Support Requested To Forest Indigenous Peoples In Peru Support requested to forest indigenous peoples in peru. The Mashco Piro, Yora,Amahuaca, and Yaminahua indigenous peoples in the amazonic Alta Piedras http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/30/Peru.html

Support requested to forest indigenous peoples in Peru The Mashco Piro, Yora, Amahuaca, and Yaminahua indigenous peoples in the amazonic Alta Piedras region of Madre de Dios in Peru, are being threatened by pending forest concessions. These peoples -called "uncontacted"- which have chosen to remain in isolation from Peruvian society, would have their way of life, as well as their natural resources severely impacted if logging in their ancestral lands actually takes place. The indigenous organization Madre de Dios Native Federation (Federación Nativa Madre de Dios - FENAMAD) has been trying for years to find the way to make the survival of the native inhabitants of that region possible. Nevertheless, the authorities have completely ignored them. FENAMAD took part in the initiative promoted by the Regional Environmental Committee of Madre de Dios to elaborate a proposal for the ecological and economic zonification of the area, which includes the delimitation of indigenous peoples traditional lands to avoid that their territories and resources end in the hands of a few depredatory companies. An operative plan for such delimitation was also presented to the regional office of the Ministry of Agriculture, but the only response obtained until now was that the area is being considered for granting logging licenses. The Peruvian government is up to decide about the licensing of the concessions. Those interesting in supporting this struggle can address the following Peruvian authorities by means of the below model letter:

26. Peru | MADRE: An International Women's Human Rights Organization indigenous peoples Rights and Resources Voices for Justice in peru How The project threatens the health and food security of indigenous peoples http://www.madre.org/countries/Peru.html

@import "/common/madre2.css"; Home About Programs Articles ... Print Text size: A A A Where We Work Colombia Cuba Guatemala Haiti ... Get emails with the latest news and analysis from MADRE Search the MADRE site! © Christy Rupp Peru Country Overview Peru is hailed as one of Latin America’s economic success stories. Its economy’s rapid growth (the fastest in the region in 2002) reflects the profits of a small elite, but eclipses the misery of the majority. More than half of all Peruvians—and nearly 80 percent of Indigenous Peoples and those of African descent—subsist on less than $1.25 a day. Peru has the third highest child malnutrition rate and one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in Latin America. Sixty-two percent of children live in poverty and 25 percent of Peruvians lack access to health care. Related Materials MADRE Programs in Peru MADRE's Sister Organizations in Peru MADRE Critiques the UN Millennium Development Goals Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Resources ... UN expert concerned US-Peru free trade accord could deprive poor of medicine (UN News) Peruvian Women Denounce Economic Social Cultural Rights Violations (Gabriela de Cicco, AWID)

27. Amazon Alliance - Main Page territories and environment of indigenous and traditional peoples of the AmazonBasin. Iquitos, peru June 9th11th 2004 See the photos http://www.amazonalliance.org/

Welcome to the Amazon Alliance The AMAZON ALLIANCE works to defend the rights, territories and environment of indigenous and traditional peoples of the Amazon Basin. The Alliance is an initiative born out of the partnership between indigenous and traditional peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals who share their concerns for the future of the Amazon and its peoples. How the Alliance functions Latest news Member Organizations and Partners More information Volunteer and Internship Opportunities Interns are needed to work in our downtown Washington DC office on a variety of issues including oil development in Ecuador and Peru, and aerial eradication in Colombia. Find out more... Amazon Wire: US Aerial Eradication in Colombia Scientists Challenge Claims of US State Department that Aerial Eradication is Safe for Humans and the Environment For information regarding aerial herbicide spraying in Colombia, please visit: US Fumigation The Camisea Project The Camisea Natural Gas Project is currently under construction in the Peruvian Amazon, to gain access to 11 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and more than 600 million barrels of liquid petroleum gas (LPG). The $1.6 billion dollar project also includes a 700 km pipeline that is being built from the gas fields in the Camisea and Lower Urubamba watershed across the Andes to the Peruvian coast.

28. Indigenous Peoples Living In Voluntary Isolation Draft Declaration on the Rights of indigenous People Permanent Forum on indigenous Colombia, Ecuador and peru are also looking at similar action. http://www.un.org/events/tenstories/story.asp?storyID=200

29. 6/17/2005 - Peru's Isolated Indigenous Peoples Gravely Threatened Please Help Protect peru s Isolated indigenous peoples and Their Habitats Isolated and vulnerable indigenous peoples in peru are facing a number of http://forests.org/action/alert.asp?id=peru

30. The Amahuaca - Amazon Tribe The Amahuaca are located in the tropical jungles of peru. The economic impacton indigenous peoples, due to their increased involvement in the http://www.crystalinks.com/amahuaca.html

The Amahuaca - Amazon Tribe of Peru The Amahuaca are located in the tropical jungles of Peru. The largest community of Amahuaca is in Puesto Varadero, a jungle community on the Peruvian-Brazilian border. The Machiguenga, Yine-Piro, Yaminahua, Amahuaca, Ashaninca, Nahua and Kugapakori Indigenous Peoples have traditionally occupied the Urubamba Valley, situated between the central and southern regions of Peru. In the beginning of the 18th century, missionaries met with resistance by these peoples, because the region was isolated from the national society. After the rubber boom, the phenomenon of the hacienda and the patrons appropriated indigenous territories and exploited their work force. This also led to the arrival of Dominican missionaries to the region. In this manner, the national policies of territorial occupation in the Amazon, since the advent of the Republic, has been characterized by the intensification of this colonization, as well as the mercantile activity and extraction. This trend is consolidated with the promulgation of the Law of Lands and Mountains (No.1220) in 1909, that incorporates the State's domain over lands traditionally occupied by Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon, but that were not acquired as agreed to in the Civil Code of 1852. Through this law, large areas of land were granted to businesses and explorers. Such arrangements continued until 1974, when Decree No.20653 (Law of the Native Communities and of Land and Cattle Promotion in Jungle Regions) was proclaimed. Before this law, Decree 3 of 1957 established the legal term "reserve," creating sixty-four of them to assure the subsistence of the Indigenous Peoples (Manríquez, 1996, p. 1-3).

31. Peru Indigenous Women's Workshop peru s indigenous Women Leaders Trained in Human Rights for a World Free from this time at a university that focuses on training indigenous peoples. http://www.thp.org/peru/2005/peru705/

JULY 13-16, 2005 - OUTSIDE HUANCAYO, PERU Peru's Indigenous Women Leaders Trained in Human Rights for a World Free from Hunger and Poverty Photos and notes by John Coonrod - page one of four Sixty leaders of indigenous women's organizations, plus five male leaders of indigenous networks, participated in a 4-day workshop entitled: "Human Rights: For a World Without Hunger and Poverty." The meeting was organized by our partner organization, Chirapaq - an association of indigenous women's organizations created by Tarcila Rivera Zea, representing both the Andean and Amazonian zones. For many of the participants, this was their first time out of their own district, and their first time to meet other leaders of indigenous women's group leaders. Tarcila made a real effort to enlist a new generation of younger women leaders, some as young as 18, to participate with their more experienced sisters. Workshops like these are at the heart of Chirapaq's work, and they play a triple function - (1) they overcome centuries of ethnic discrimination and feelings of inferiority, rehabilitating pride in the great heritage of indigenous culture, (2) they strengthen women's own self-hood and recognition of women's rights, and (3) provide women with knowledge and skills as a leader. It was deeply moving to hear the more experienced women share how profoundly previous national workshops had changed their lives and the difference they are able to make in their communities - which include many of the poorest areas of the country.

32. Peru - Amazon Watch peru oil concessions view enlarged map For indigenous peoples who depend onfishing, hunting and forest products, this loss of control over ancestral http://www.amazonwatch.org/amazon/PE/

Home Newsroom In the Amazon Capacity building ... Ecuador Peru Home In the Amazon : Peru Peru view enlarged map In 2003, the Peruvian state granted the international oil industry carte blanche access to indigenous ancestral lands throughout almost the entire Peruvian Amazon. Indigenous titled territories and reserves including the last refuges of indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation are now within the reach of the international oil industry. U.S. oil companies are leading the race to the furthest corners of the Peruvian Amazon and U.S. government funds are being used for financing. For indigenous peoples who depend on fishing, hunting and forest products, this loss of control over ancestral territories threatens to end of traditional ways of life. Yet, the Peruvian government has failed to consult or inform them. Amazon Watch supports Peruvian indigenous organizations challenging oil and gas development projects imposed on their communities and territories without their prior consent in violation of their internationally recognized rights to defend their lands, determine their own development and live according to their own cultures. We seek to promote the national indigenous demand for an end to extractive industry operations within the lands of indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation. Current priority areas are: Active campaigns: Camisea Natural Gas Project (September 2003) Texas-based Hunt Oil – a company with close White House connections – is at the head of this huge gas project operating in the homelands of uncontacted peoples. Our tax dollars are funding indigenous rights violations after the Inter-American Development Bank gave the green light to financing. Amazon Watch demands that the Project withdraw from the Nahua- Kugapakori Reserve for isolated indigenous peoples.

33. Take Action - Amazon Watch indigenous organizations in peru demand that the entire Project withdraw fromthe Reserve Respect the rights of indigenous peoples affected by Camisea http://www.amazonwatch.org/amazon/PE/view_news.php?id=702

34. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan: Indigenous Peoples, Peru Statement delivered by SecretaryGeneral Kofi Annan on indigenous peoples inMachu Picchu, peru, November 12, 2003. http://www.danielnpaul.com/Secretary-General-KofiAnnan-IndigenousPeoples.html

Home UN SECRETARY-GENERAL HAILS CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO HUMAN CIVILIZATION - MACHU PICCHU, PERU Statement delivered by Secretary-General Kofi Annan on indigenous peoples in Machu Picchu, Peru, on November 12, 2003: I would like to thank you (President Toledo) and Eliane for bringing Nane and me here. You have every reason to take pride in your heritage. When I look around me, and I see the construction here, I often wonder what we are going to leave to future generations, when I see the kind of architecture and buildings that we are putting up in many parts of the world. And, it's not just here. The ancient cultures did things that we couldn't imagine, and probably would find very difficult to do today. So, for you to plead with us to treasure this valuable cultural heritage and to share it with the rest of the world is something that we should all listen to. Here, amidst the peaks of the Andes in Peru, the enormous contributions of indigenous peoples to human civilization are everywhere on display from the sacred ruins of the Inca empire to the crops that grow on the mountainsides. In the jungles of the Amazon too, indigenous communities have lived for millennia in harmony with the rainforest, and they continue to do so today. And, throughout Latin America, one sees the extraordinary diversity of indigenous cultures and the potential contribution their knowledge and values can make to poverty eradication, sustainable agriculture, and indeed to our concept of life. From here in Peru to the Philippines, and from the deserts of Australia to the ice-covered lands of the Arctic circle, indigenous peoples have much to teach our world.

35. UDHR - People's Stories In Bolivia, Guatemala and peru, indigenous peoples make up over half the Although we are diverse, indigenous peoples face similar problems around the http://www.universalrights.net/people/f_indig.htm

Fact file Indigenous Peoples are the original inhabitants of many countries. We are also called the first peoples, first nations, aboriginal peoples and tribal peoples. How many? Where do we live? Indigenous peoples number about 300 million in more than 70 countries. We are found on all five continents from the Arctic, to the Amazon from the Sahara to Australia . We include the Native Americans, the Inuit of the circumpolar region (Canada, Alaska, Greenland), the Saami of Northern Europe (Norway, Sweden, Finland) and the Maori of Aoteoroa (New Zealand). The majority of the world's Indigenous peoples, more than 150 million live in Asia, in countries such as Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Phillipines, Sri Lanka and Thailand . Around 30 million indigenous peoples live in Latin America . In Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru, Indigenous peoples make up over half the population. In Australia the Indigenous population numbers over 315,000 Aboriginal peoples and 29,000 Torres Strait Islanders, according to the 1996 Census. Within the Aboriginal population there are 250 distinct cultural groups, including the Yolngu from Arnhem Land (my own people), the Wiradjuri of south eastern Australia, the Yamatji in Western Australia, the Kalkadoons of northern Queensland, the Anangu from Central Australia and the Palawas from Tasmania.

36. Changemakers.net Is A Web Guide To The Rapidly Growing Profession peru s indigenous people, today totaling about 300000, are the remnants of jungleethnic Biopiracy, though important to peru s indigenous peoples, http://www.changemakers.net/journal/99march/salguero.cfm

Join our community! Link to Changemakers features journal march 1999 feature email this page print register search ... Location Map In Peru, the People of the Forest are Taking Control By Carol Salguero Photos by Claus Kjaerby, Racimos de Ungurahui "I awoke to gunshots, thinking a war had begun," Pedro Garcia said of his first morning in Peru's dense Amazonian jungle near the border with Ecuador, "but it was only the Aguaruna men out hunting." In 1970, Pedro and a group of like-minded friends jumped at the chance to experience "the freedoms the jungle represented," compared with a Spain still under the dictatorial thumb of Francisco Franco. Fresh out of university, he had degrees in law and political science, and additional studies in psychology and communication science, and "no expertise in anything," he says. Raised in a family with a strong social conscience, which gave him "a community mentality," Pedro came to Peru "with the idea of forming a cooperative." He did, a number of them, and many other grassroots organizations, too. For 14 years Pedro remained along the Cenepa and Maranon Rivers working among the Aguaruna and Huambisa ethnic groups scattered throughout Peru's northeastern jungle, several days by dugout canoe from the nearest town, "but one day with 40 horsepower outboard, if you were lucky enough to have one."

37. Amazonian Indigenous Community Action Programs - Iquitos, Peru Our extensive contacts with indigenous peoples living close to traditional United Nations draft declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples http://www.biopark.org/peru/borafeed.html

A COOPERATIVE CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN PROJECT COORDINATED BY El Tigre Journeys and International BioPark Foundation, Inc. with the indigenous Yahua Coalition ofAmazonian Indigenous Communities Cultural Preservation and Quality of Life Initiatives Our extensive contacts with indigenous peoples living close to traditional lifestyle have revealed that the best ways to support their well-being, self-determination and cultural preservation is through adequate basic and preventive health care, improved nutritional diversity, and development of community-owned and operated sustainable projects compatible with shared contemporary goals of rainforest conservation. We assist in the development of community, economic, and cultural projects only at the invitation of the people and impose absolutely no control or regulation of these projects once in their hands. Our goal is to assist the Yahua and Muruy Huitoto communities near Iquitos to strengthen their cultural base, improve their fundamental quality of life, and help build a sustainable economic foundation which is ecologically and culturally compatible with the increasing challenges of the 21st century. The Yahua and Muruy Huitoto people identify strongly with their tribal heritage even though much of their old oral traditional history and spiritual beliefs have been lost or diluted by mestizo (people of mixed ancestry) and western influences. Nevertheless, most seem not to want to be completely assimilated into the surrounding mestizo culture. AICC initiatives help them find alternatives to the ever-increasing pressures of the surrounding mestizo culture.

38. Facts And Figures - Water And Indigenous Peoples: International Year Of Freshwat Around 30 million indigenous peoples live in Latin America. In Bolivia, Guatemalaand peru, indigenous peoples make up over half the population. http://www.wateryear2003.org/en/ev.php@URL_ID=5550&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=2

Newsletter Logo Media Corner FAQ's ... About How to get involved? - first steps - in your everyday life - in your community - at school ... - in the garden Education Corner - by theme Water library - by theme - by region Photo library - by theme ... - by region Facts and Figures - by theme Events calendar - scientific, technical - public awareness Water talks - proverbs - postcards - water, eau, voda ... - myths and stories Facts and Figures - Water and Indigenous Peoples UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations , a subsidiary of the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights But where do we stand today? Have these conference outcome papers had real-world impacts? What rights do indigenous peoples have over the water resources they have been using and protecting for generations? Are their voices reflected in the national water-related policies? Who are indigenous peoples? Definition Study of the Problem of Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations , J. Martinez Cobo, United Nations Special Rapporteur, 1987). Te Wahipounamu, New Zealand, an area of

39. Peru Debates Law On Indigenous Peoples’ Intellectual Property Rights peru Debates Law on indigenous peoples’ Intellectual Property Rights (IPS, Lima,Jan 12, 2000). The peruvian government is drafting a law to protect http://www.sdnp.org.gy/apa/peru_debates_law.htm

APA.. Newsletter International News Peru Debates Law on Indigenous Peoples’ Intellectual Property Rights (IPS, Lima, Jan 12, 2000) The Peruvian government is drafting a law to protect indigenous rights over their ancestral knowledge in an attempt to prevent the history of plundering native wealth from repeating itself, as well as controlling the international exploitation of Peru's native plants. Indigenous communities will be the intellectual owners of genetic resources coming from plant species whose curative or nutritional values form part of their ancestral knowledge, according to the text of the legal bill. ''Peru is one of the countries with greatest biodiversity in the world and must begin utilising the competitive advantage this implies,'' commented Jorge Caillaux, president of the Peruvian Environmental Law Society, ''but it must protect its natural resources as well as the rights of Indigenous peoples.'' Among those participating in drafting the legal bill are representatives from indigenous communities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and officials from the ministries of Health, Industry, Agriculture and from the National Institute in Defence of Intellectual Property (Indecopi). ''For the first time in the world, a government is proposing to establish protection for the collective knowledge of indigenous peoples, a system to regulate research, production and marketing of genetic resources,'' said Beatriz Boza, of Indecopi.

40. Latinamerica Press: Article Our most recent articles related to indigenous peoples WWF peru said thatinvolving the indigenous communities in the sustainable management of natural http://www.lapress.org/Article.asp?lanCode=1&actCode=5&actDesc=Indigenous people

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