1. Indigenous People In Peru - Links Links for More Information about Indigenous People in Peru. Back to Home Page http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Indigenous People, Law, And Politics In Peru Indigenous People, Law, and Politics in Peru http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Indigenous Peoples In Latin America - LANIC in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador Cultures of the Andes. Archivo de los Idiomas Ind genas de Latinoam rica Archive of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Indigenous People Of Peru - Bibliography "The Indigenous Population and the construction of Democracy in Peru." trans. Charles Roberts. Indigenous Peoples and Democracy in Latin http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Indigenous Issues Indigenous Peoples on the Gateway a community promoting knowledge exchanges among indigenous organizations, donors, governments and civil society to http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Peru Indigenous Peoples Still Facing Colour Gap Indigenous X Health Peru 20 August 1999 Indigenous Peoples Still Facing Colour Gap By Abraham Lama http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Peru: Indigenous Peoples Still Facing Colour Gap activity was planned in Peru for the International Day of Indigenous Peoples, But Peru s large indigenous population suffers a serious situation of http://www.converge.org.nz/lac/articles/news990820f.htm

Latin American Report All Poverty Should Not be Treated Equally Poverty in Bolivia to Stay for Generations Regional : X Politics : Military : Environment : Rights : X Education : NZ Links : Aid/Relief : Economics : X Indigenous : X Health : Peru: 20 August 1999 Indigenous Peoples Still Facing Colour Gap By Abraham Lama LIMA, Aug 9 (IPS) - Not one official activity was planned in Peru for the International Day of Indigenous Peoples, an indicator of the marginalisation and discrimination faced by the country's nine million indigenous people. The United Nations (UN) established the date in 1995 as part of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples (1994-2004). The goal is to strengthen steps taken towards resolving indigenous people's problems in areas such as human rights, environment, education and health. Peru is a multi-ethnic nation of 25 million - 49 percent are mestizo (mixed race), 14 percent are of European, African or Asian descent, and 36 percent are indigenous peoples who speak their native languages. But Peru's large indigenous population suffers a serious situation of social, economic and cultural marginalisation. The government abolished ''the legal mechanisms for the protection'' of indigenous people because it believes their problems ''are an issue that must be resolved within the liberal economic model,'' stated sociologist Flavio Solorzano, of Population and Development, a non-governmental organisation. The 1993 Constitution, which president Alberto Fujimori actively promoted, was a step backwards as far as indigenous rights are concerned, said jurists Ana Maria Tamayo of Peru and Roque Roldan from Colombia.

8. Peru - Indigenous Peoples Indigenous Peoples. Peru Table of Contents http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Amazon Watch works to defend the environment and rights of the indigenous peoples of The first major gas development in Peru, located in one of the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Andean Links Indigenous Peoples in the Andes. Photographs of Ayamara and Quechua Indians, in Bolivia Peru Equateur (in French) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. The World Wide Web Virtual Library Indigenous Studies CWIS George Amanaka'a Amazon Network. El Quichua de Santiago del Estero. Indigenous People, Law, and Politics in Peru. Brazilink Indigenous People http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Peru Indigenous Peoples - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resour peru indigenous peoples Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/society/peru_society_indigenous_peoples.ht

Country Ranks INDEX for Peru Society ... Feedback Peru Indigenous Peoples http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/society/peru_society_indigenous_peoples.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Peru Society The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century.

13. Peru: Indigenous Peoples And Their Forests Threatened By Gas Exploitation peru indigenous peoples and their forests threatened by gas exploitation.Within the ecological region of the Andean Belt, the Vilcabamba Cordillera in http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/56/Peru.html

Peru: Indigenous peoples and their forests threatened by gas exploitation Within the ecological region of the Andean Belt, the Vilcabamba Cordillera in Peru is the only part where the original habitat has not been degraded. Together with the Urubamba Valley, they constitute a region where so far biodiversity has been conserved in an almost pristine state. Furthermore, it is a zone that fulfils important ecological processes for the water system and climate change, among others essential both to the region and to the world in general. The zone is inhabited by numerous indigenous groups, some of them in a situation of initial contact and in voluntary isolation. But this enormous natural wealth is being threatened by the Camisea Gas Project, carried out by the Pluspetrol-Hunt-SK group, a consortium involving capital from Argentina, the United States and Korea. The background to the project goes back to 1981, when Shell started prospecting in the zone, leading to the identification of gas deposits in Camisea, although it subsequently abandoned the project. In 1999, a call for bids was made for the exploitation of the deposits, and was awarded to the Pluspetrol-Hunt-SK group mentioned above, while transportation and distribution correspond to the Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TGP). The first phase alone of the project will demand an investment of 400 million dollars. This mega project will require the construction of infrastructure and a number of facilities for exploitation, transport, processing, distribution and marketing of this hydrocarbon, with the opening up of trenches 1.5 metres wide, explosions over an area of 800 km2, heliports and various camp sites that will cover 8.5 hectares, 6.400 unloading zones covering 23 hectares, 4 platforms and between 12 and 21 extraction pits, a network of pipelines, 2 pumping stations in the forest, in addition to the processing plant, landing strip, storage and camp sites, over an area of 72 hectares and involving between 500 and 1,000 workers. The addition of all these impacts will result in the destruction and degradation of large forest areas, including the disappearance of numerous species of fauna and flora. As a result, the local populations are seriously concerned.

14. Yachay Wasi A nonprofit tax exempt organization based in New York City and in Cuzco, dedicated to providing information on the heritage and values of the indigenous peoples of peru. http://www.yachaywasi-ngo.org/

YACHAY WASI  ("House of Learning" in the Quechua Language of Peru) RUNA SIMI (Quechua) is the Inka language still spoken by the descendants of this ancient civilization. The Inka empire was called TAWANTINSUYU (the Four Quarters) and extended through South America. The Four Quarters were: Northeast  - Antisuyu Southeast  - Qollasuyu Southwest - Kuntisuyu Northwest - Chinchaysuyu ANDES: Recovery of the Circuit of Four Lakes A NEW PROJECT The Recovery of the Circuit of Four Lakes is now registered as a Partnership with the UN Commission on Sustainable Development. Yachay Wasi, as the lead partner, had an Information desk on April 12 during the 13th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development (11 - 22 April, 2005) SECOND INTERNATIONAL DECADE OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLE 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2014 Resolution adopted by United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2004 UNITED NATIONS PERMANENT FORUM ON INDIGENOUS ISSUES Fourth Session: 16 thru 27 May 2005 in New York City Andean Encounter 2003 INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR A CULTURE OF PEACE AND NON-VIOLENCE FOR THE CHILDREN OF THE WORLD 2001-2010 Yachay Wasi is featured in the first issue of UNESCO's newsletter (June 2004). Articles provide information on a range of different activities pertaining to a Culture of Peace, including efforts from civil society.

15. Indigenous Peoples In Latin America - LANIC Translate this page Aymara Net Various Information Relating to the Aymaras in Bolivia, peru, Chile, United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/indigenous/

Indigenous Peoples Regional Resources The Amazon: Amazon Conservation Team Amazonlink Informação sobre a Amazônia Amazon Watch Americas.org Resource Center of the Americas The Andes: Aymara Net Various Information Relating to the Aymaras in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador Cultures of the Andes Archive of Indigenous Languages of Latin America, AIILA or AILLA The Caribbean: Caribbean Amerindian Centrelink KACIKE Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology Center for World Indigenous Studies CWIS Construyendo Alternativas Frente al Neoliberalismo Culturas Pre-Colombinas Instituto Indigenista Interamericano Legislación Indígena Banco Interamericano de Desarollo Mesoamerica: Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations Kevin Callahan GB Online's Mesoamerica Religions Pueblos Indígenas y Desarrollo Comunitario BID Quechua Network Society for the Study of Indigenous Languages of the Americas SSILA Country Resources Argentina Belize Exploring Maya Caves of West-Central Belize Interactive Dig K'axob and Xibun Mayan Ruins Maya Sites in Belize Western Belize Regional Cave Project Bolivia Apoyo Para el Campesino Indígena del Oriente Boliviano APCOB ASUR Instituto de Lenguaje y Cultura Aymara ILCA, La Paz

16. Peru - Indigenous Peoples, Poverty And Human Development In Latin America: 1994- peru indigenous peoples, Poverty and Human De Few gains were made inincome poverty reduction among indigenous peoples during the indigenous http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/PERUEXTN/0,,contentMDK

var templatePathPrefix = "http://siteresources.worldbank.org/"; Home Site Map Index FAQs ... Topics Search Peru All Home Countries Latin America and Ca... Peru Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human De... Overview Development Topics Public Information Center Learning ... Contacts Resources Procurement/Tender E-Subscription Download Adobe Acrobat to view PDF files Client Connection Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America: 1994-2004 Indigenous Peoples still lag behind despite increased political power, says new World Bank study May 18, 2005 – Despite their increased political influence, indigenous peoples in Latin America have made little economic and social progress in the last decade, and continue to suffer from higher poverty, lower education, and a greater incidence of disease and discrimination than other groups, says a new World Bank study. Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America: 1994-2004 considers how social conditions have evolved in the five Latin American countries with the largest indigenous populations (Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru) during the last decade, proclaimed in 1994 by the United Nations as the International Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples.  “Although indigenous people in the region have increased their political power and representation during the last decade, this has not translated into the positive results -in terms of poverty reduction- we had hoped to find when we embarked on this research,”

17. Peru - Indigenous Peoples Still Lag Behind Despite Increased Political Power peru indigenous peoples Still Lag Behind Desp indigenous peoples, Povertyand Human Development in Latin America 19942004 considers how social http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/PERUEXTN/0,,contentMDK

var templatePathPrefix = "http://siteresources.worldbank.org/"; Home Site Map Index FAQs ... Topics Search Peru All Home Countries Latin America and Ca... Peru Indigenous Peoples Still Lag Behind Desp... Overview Development Topics Public Information Center Learning ... Contacts Resources Procurement/Tender E-Subscription Download Adobe Acrobat to view PDF files Client Connection Indigenous Peoples Still Lag Behind Despite Increased Political Power Also available in: French Spanish News Release No: 2005/469/LAC Contacts: Patricia da Camara (202) 473-4019 Pdacamara@worldbank.org Alejandra Viveros (202) 473-4306 Aviveros@worldbank.org WASHINGTON, May 18, 2005 Despite their increased political influence,indigenous peoples in Latin America have made little economic and social progress in the last decade, and continue to suffer from higher poverty, lower education, and a greater incidence of disease and discrimination than other groups, says a new World Bank study.  Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America: 1994-2004 considers how social conditions have evolved in the five Latin American countries with the largest indigenous populations ( Bolivia Ecuador Guatemala Mexico , and Peru ) during the last decade, proclaimed in 1994 by the United Nations as the International Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples.

18. AllRefer.com - Peru - Indigenous Peoples | Peruvian Information Resource allRefer Reference provides detailed information on this topic. Browse throughthis article and follow related links for complete research. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/peru/peru55.html

You are here allRefer Reference Peru History ... Peru Peru Indigenous Peoples The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century. The regions and departments with the largest populations of native peoples are construed to be the most backward, being the poorest, least educated, and less developed. They are also the ones with the highest percentages of Quechua and Aymara speakers. The reasons for the perpetuation of colonial values with respect to autochthonous peoples is complex, being more than a simple perseverance of custom. The social condition of the population owes its form to the kinds of expectations embedded in the premises and workings of the nation's institutions. These are not easily altered. Spanish institutions of conquest were implanted into colonial life as part of the strategy for ruling conquered peoples: the indigenous people were defeated and captured and thus, as spoils of war, were as exploitable as mineral wealth or land. In the minds of many highland mestizos as well as betteroff urbanites, they still are.

19. AllRefer.com - Peru - Indigenous Rebellions | Peruvian Information Resource To survive their brutal subjugation, the indigenous peoples had early on adopteda variety of strategies but were never as passive as portrayed in the http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/peru/peru22.html

You are here allRefer Reference Peru History ... Peru Peru Indigenous Rebellions An upsurge in native discontent and rebellion had actually begun to occur in the eighteenth century. To survive their brutal subjugation, the indigenous peoples had early on adopted a variety of strategies but were never as passive as portrayed in the scholarly literature until recently. To endure, the native Americans did indeed have to adapt to Spanish domination. As often as not, however, they found ways of asserting their own interests. After the conquest, the crown had assumed from the Incas patrimony over all native land, which it granted in usufruct to indigenous community families, in exchange for tribute payments and mita labor services. This system became the basis for a long-lasting alliance between the colonial state and the native communities, bolstered over the years by the elaboration of a large body of protective legislation. Crown officials, such as the corregidores de indios , were charged with the responsibility of protecting natives from abuse at the hands of the colonists, particularly the alienation of their land to private landholders. Nevertheless, the colonists and their native allies, the curacas , often in collusion with the corregidores and local priests, found ways of circumventing crown laws and gaining control of native American lands and labor. To counter such exploitation and to conserve their historical rights to the land, many native American leaders shrewdly resorted to the legal system. Litigation did not always suffice, of course, and Andean history is full of desperate native peasant rebellions.

20. Indigenous Peoples Of Peru Face Colour Gap indigenous peoples of peru Face Colour Gap. But peru s large indigenouspopulation suffers a serious situation of social, economic and cultural http://www.converge.org.nz/pma/a200899a.htm

Action Alerts PMA's newsletter What's on Links ... PMA main page Indigenous Peoples of Peru Face Colour Gap 20 August 1999 By Abraham Lama LIMA, Aug 9 (IPS) - Not one official activity was planned in Peru for the International Day of Indigenous Peoples, an indicator of the marginalisation and discrimination faced by the country's nine million indigenous people. The United Nations (UN) established the date in 1995 as part of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples (1994- 2004). The goal is to strengthen steps taken towards resolving indigenous people's problems in areas such as human rights, environment, education and health. Peru is a multi-ethnic nation of 25 million - 49 percent are mestizo (mixed race), 14 percent are of European, African or Asian descent, and 36 percent are indigenous peoples who speak their native languages. But Peru's large indigenous population suffers a serious situation of social, economic and cultural marginalisation. The government abolished ''the legal mechanisms for the protection'' of indigenous people because it believes their problems ''are an issue that must be resolved within the liberal economic model,'' stated sociologist Flavio Solorzano, of Population and Development, a non-governmental organisation. The 1993 Constitution, which president Alberto Fujimori actively promoted, was a step backwards as far as indigenous rights are concerned, said jurists Ana Maria Tamayo of Peru and Roque Roldan from Colombia.

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