Geometry.Net - the online learning center
Home  - Basic_P - Parakeets Budgies Budgerigars
e99.com Bookstore
  
Images 
Newsgroups
Page 2     21-40 of 99    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20
A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  

         Parakeets Budgies Budgerigars:     more detail
  1. Parrots, Love Birds and Parrakeets: Their Care and Breeding by M. L. Flowers, Flora Flowers, 1951
  2. Budgies: A Guide To Caring for Your Parakeet (Complete Care Made Easy) by Angela Davids, 2006-05

21. Home & Office In Budgies And Parakeets : Wildlife Gifts : Marketplace : CafePres
BiologyBase World of Nature Budgie Journal. $9.49 Add To Cart. Which do youcall them? budgies, parakeets or budgerigars? Whichever name you give
http://www.cafepress.com/shop/animals/browse/Ntt-_Ne-25_Ntk-All_N-1683 1272
Your Account Sign In Cart: items Help Home Marketplace Wildlife Gifts
Enter your keyword or topic to find products. Wildlife All Products Browse Wildlife By Top Products Mugs
By Product Type (see all)
BBQ Aprons
Keepsakes (Oval) Throw Pillow ... Journals
By Category (see all)
Pets / Animals
Birds Budgies and Parakeets
By Price Under $10 Under $20 Under $30
Start Over
General Category Animal Gifts Pet Gifts Reptile/Amphibian Gifts Rodent Gifts ... Wildlife Gifts Common Animals Bird Gifts Bear Gifts Cat Gifts Cougar Gifts ... Zebra Gifts Other Animals Antelope Gifts Armadillo Gifts Baboon Gifts Badger Gifts ...
Wildlife Gifts
in Budgies and Parakeets
view stores

sort by popularity sort by newest store Viewing 1 member store (38 products) 1 of 38 matching items by BiologyBase World of Nature I Love Parakeets Stein Add To Cart Our classic large ceramic stein is perfect for any beverage or special occasion. Bottoms up! cp_pagename="index.aspx";//PAGE NAME(S) cp_content_category ="/browse";//MULTI-LEVEL CONTENT CATEGORY cp_segment= "3";//Marketplace cp_segment= "3"; //MarketPlace

22. BrownTrout Calendars | Budgerigars & Parakeets 2006 Calendar 2006 Calendar
Originally from Australia, budgerigars and parakeets, or budgies and keets, aresmall parrots. These beautifully colored birds are popular domestic pets.
http://www.browntrout.com/calendars/product.asp?MGID=1440&IID=6046

23. Budgies And Parakeets Information And Links
KeyWorlds.com s collection of budgies and parakeets sites and links. Monk parakeets in North America Perch, The World of budgerigars and parakeets
http://www.keyworlds.com/b/budgies_and_parakeets.htm
FREE Game Downloads
Today's Featured Game

FREE Download - Click Here

FREE Download - Click Here

FREE Download - Click Here
... Animals : Budgies and Parakeets Links KeyWorlds.com , a Piggyback.com company.
Updated Friday, 21 September 2001 at 15:14:41 by LinkMaster Search by keywords:
Free Inkjet Cartridge?

24. Budgerigars And Budgies-Parrot Information
budgerigars Parrot information, help and advice on buying your parrot or your bird, budgies are sometimes also called parakeets (specifically shell
http://www.ukparrotcages.co.uk/budgerigar.html
Watch Live Football For Free Watch live football online Free Live Football On TV Website Optimization ... Pets
Parrot Cages UK -
Specialists in Bird Cages
Budgerigar - Parrot Information
:: Home :: Parrot Cages :: Java Tree Stands :: Playstands ... Cat Trees
Parrot Information
African Greys Cockatoos Macaws Conures ... Lovebirds
The Basics of Keeping Budgies as Pets
Budgies budgerigars ) are an extremely popular pet bird , and for good reason. These small parrots make delightful pets, and are usually friendly and easy to tame. While they can sometimes be difficult to understand, they are quite capable of mimicking speech. Budgies are sometimes also called parakeets (specifically shell parakeets) as they are members of the parakeet family. There are also two types of budgies - the American budgie or parakeet, and the English budgie . The American variety is the one most commonly found in pet stores, while type often seen in exhibitions and shows is the English budgie English budgies are larger and have a different appearance than American budgies, but all budgies belong to the same species, Melopsittacus undulatus
  • Life span: 10-15 years (up to 20).

25. Down Under Aviaries. Library Page.
$5.00, Enjoy Your parakeets budgies Editor Earl Schneider. budgies In ColorBy Ernest H. Hart. 57 $30.00, All About budgerigars (2nd Edition. 1954)
http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/2761/library/libdex.html
Our Collection
Listed here are books we have collected over the years.
In some cases we have more than one copy as various editions were published.
Some of the books listed are quite rare and hard to find.
If you are interested in purchasing any of the following books please contact me at info@doves.com.au Please note the following:
  • The following prices are in Australian dollars and do not include postage. Prices are subject to change so please be sure to confirm price before sending payment. Payment can be made by direct credit (ask for bank details), bank cheque or money order.
    Personal cheques will not accepted. Any books not currently priced, please make an offer. NFS = Not for Sale. Books marked thus are rare.
Updated - 9 June 2004
Complete set of Budgerigar World Magazines
Current Editor - Terry Tuxford
Budgerigars All You Need To Know (1983)
By Michael S. Christian
Budgerigars All You Need To Know (1991) By Michael S. Christian

26. SCVCEBC Library Books
Authentic Cage Breeding budgerigars Guide Book, Flowers, ML and Flora, 1953,pamphlet, 38 Enjoy Your parakeets budgies, anonymous, pamphlet, 32
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/1570/books.htm
SCVCEBC Library Books
Title Author Cover Type Pages African Grey Parrots Mulawka, Edward J. hard African Grey Parrots Paradise, Paul R. hard All About Breeding Canaries Roberts, Mervin hard All About Breeding Cockatiels Bulger, Dorothy hard All About Canaries Evans, Irene hard All About Cockatiels Allen, Dr. Gerald R. and Connie J. Allen hard All About Finches and Related Seed-Eating Birds Harman, Ian and Vriends, Matthew hard All About Lovebirds Soderberg, P.M. soft All About Parrotlets Molenda, Sandee and Robert binder All About The Parrots Freud, Arthur hard All About Your Canary anonymous soft All Color Book of Birds anonymous hard American Singers Club Constitution, By-laws and Standards anonymous pamphlet Animal Diseases anonymous hard Audubon's Birds of America Griscom, Ludlow hard Australian Canary Handbook, The Leaney, J. and F. Williams hard Australian Finches Immelmann, Klaus hard Australian Parrakeets, Their Maintenance and Breeding in Europe Groen, H.D. hard Australian Parrots in Bush and Aviary Harman, Ian hard Authentic Cage Breeding Budgerigars Guide Book Flowers, M.L. and Flora

27. Birds
Best In Show Breeding and Exhibiting budgerigars, Binks, Gerald S, Ebury Press Know Your parakeets – budgies (2 copies), Schneider, Earl (ed.
http://www.fchs.org/books/birds.htm
Frederick County Humane Society Bird Books Return to Library Holdings Page TITLE AUTHOR PUBLISHER PLACE YEAR SUBJECT ANNOTATION Beyond the Birdfeeder Dennis, John V Knopf New York, NY General Bird feeding, migration, enemies and confrontations at the bird feeder, attracting birds Building An Aviary Naether, Carl; Matthew M Vriends T. F. H. Publications Neptune City, NJ General Instructions on how to build an aviary, which aviary is right for which bird, different types of aviaries The Birder’s Catalogue: The Sourcebook for Birding Paraphernalia Buff, Sheila Simon and Schuster New York, NY General Watching birds, birds in the backyard, organizations, literature for bird lovers, birds around the world Handfeeding Baby Birds Cooper, Jo

28. Cody S Budgie Facts!
parakeets is our classification. parakeets include the budgies, Quakers, Simple Facts about budgerigars. From my mistake, you learned something, right?
http://worldkids.net/critters/pets/birds/budgies.htm
Cody's Informational Page about Budgies
Hi! You are the person or bird to read this page.
Okay, I finally did it. I created a page all about budgies just like Hillary asked me to! Now, put your self in my feet. (I don't wear shoes) What would write about your own species?! I bet you would write about useless stuff that no one cares about. Bird's would not. We are much more intelligent than that! I knew the day was coming when I'd have to sit down and blab about my kind...so I've planned ahead..so this page will be exceptionally interesting, possibly humorous, and basically true. Enjoy and read on!
Simple Facts about Parakeets
  • The title of this section is wrong. Parakeets is our classification. Parakeets include the budgies, Quakers, and ringlets. If I'm supposed to write about my kind, the correct title would be....
    Simple Facts about Budgerigars
  • From my mistake, you learned something, right? Well...let's move on. Budgies are from five to seven inches in length.
  • Budgies usually live to be six to nine years old, but there are reports of some living to be twenty!!
  • Budgies are native to the beautiful land known as Australia. They lead nomadic lives in the wild. They travel in large flocks, damaging crops, and enjoying life.
  • 29. Budgie, Budgies, Budgerigars - Your Choice
    A budgie is a parakeet, but not all parakeets are budgies. The term parakeet is a Budgerigar describes a single species, Melopsittacus undulatus.
    http://www.astepupbird.com/budgies.html
    Budgies
    Small - Inexpensive - Beautiful
    Ability To Talk
    One of the Most Popular Pet Birds
    Budgies are one of the most popular birds in the world and they are also often referred to as parakeets.
    Many people ask about the difference between a parakeet and a budgie so this may help explain.
    A budgie is a parakeet, but not all parakeets are budgies. The term parakeet is a general designation for a number of small parrots with long tails, including the budgerigar.
    Budgerigar describes a single species, Melopsittacus undulatus . However, there are two breeds of budgerigar which differ in size and shape. The most commonly one kept as a pet is the American budgie which is smaller and less expensive than the larger English budgie . Often refered to as exhibition budgies, English budgies have been selectively bred over generation after generation for size and show quality. Many bird keepers specialize in raising these wonderful birds and they delight in showing their best birds. People planning to breed their budgies should wait until they are a year old. Despite the fact that some are sexually mature after a few months, they should be

    30. Books On Animals And Birds From Felicity Books
    Keywords birds pets budgies budgerigars parakeets Cat. 15728 $A6/$US8 Keywords parakeets birds pets nature budgies budgerigars Cat. 15511.
    http://www.felicity.com.au/books_animals.htm
    felicity Books on Animals and Birds Domestic pets - cats - dogs - horses - birds - fish - wildflife felicity only apply to Australian addresses and are PLUS SHIPPING , $8 first book, $1 ea additional book. US prices for rest of world and INCLUDE Economy Airmail. Go to Felicity Books SECURE ORDER FORM HERE Burgess, Susan. THE CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL. Resola (Aust) Dog Owner's Library, octavo hardcover, 1985, 102p, illsts. Slight rubbing to cloth, otherwise very good copy with a dust-jacket that is a tiny bit damaged but is good. ISBN 0949474045. Keywords: dogs pets canines animals Cat. # 1132... $A15/$US22 Cooper, Dr Harry. REMEDIES AND MEMORIES. Macmillan oversize paperback, 2001, 277p, illsts. Popular Australian TV vet tells about his experiences with animals - of many kinds. Written with much humour. Very good condition. ISBN 0732911079. Keywords: vets veterinary animals pets horses dogs cats tv television Cat. # 1081... $A10/$US18 Disston, harry. ELEMENTARY DRESSAGE. NY, Arco Publishing, octavo hardcover, 1977, 125p, illsts. Illustrated with sketches. A few marks on cloth but solid. No dust-jacket. ISBN 0668027584. Keywords: horses riding riders dressage Cat. # 1133... $A15/$US21

    31. Caring For Budgies
    The first reports of small, bright green parakeets received in Europe came fromCaptain Shortly afterwards, a number of budgerigars arrived in America.
    http://www.prettybirds.net/Budgie.htm
    CARING FOR BUDGIES Undisputed Heavyweight Champion FEW PEOPLE, if any, will challenge the fact that the budgie or budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus , is the most popular and widely kept pet bird in the world. The total number of pet budgies kept worldwide runs into the millions. All this has come about in just over 150 years since this tiny 7-inch green parakeet was first imported from its homeland in the dry, arid areas of Australia, where it is best known in ornithological circles as budgerigar a name probably derived from the Aboriginal name " Betcherrygah ". It All Started The first reports of small, bright green parakeets received in Europe came from Captain James Cook who discovered Australia in 1770. Travelers on expeditions into the interior of Australia saw numerous flocks of the small green parakeets. However, it was not until 70 years later that John Gould, the eminent explorer and naturalist brought the first Budgerigars back to England in 1840. These live examples of the budgerigar created quite a stir at the time. Shortly afterwards, a number of budgerigars arrived in America. The first color variant-a yellow budgerigar with red eyes-was bred in 1870 in Belgium. This caused a sensation, but the Lutino (yellow) mutation did not survive, as there was no knowledge of genetics among breeders.

    32. Parakeets
    Breeding budgies budgerigars have a coloured area above their beaks, called a cere . Why Do parakeets Do That? Real Answers To The Curious .
    http://www.growinglifestyle.com.au/au/k810
    Growing Lifestyle
    View by site:
    Displaying articles 1 to 30 of 42:
    The Guide To Owning A Parakeet (Budgie)

    The Guide To Owning A Parakeet Budgie ). Pages: 64, Paperback, TFH Publications ... more
    USD$1.50 - USD$7.95
    Amazon.com

    Breeding Budgies

    Budgerigars have a coloured area above their beaks, called a cere. In males the cere is coloured light to dark blue. A male bird in breeding condition will have a deep blue cere in most varieties. He won't have any pin feathers , and his plumage will ... [ ... more
    Burke's Backyard

    Budgie Breeding Box

    Converting the box to a bird breeding cabinet was easy. First Don sanded it back ( tip : when working with MDF, always wear a dust mask to avoid breathing in fine particles). He then painted the inside with Wattyl Basic Beige and the outside with Dulux ... more Burke's Backyard Parakeets: Everything About Purchase, Care, Nutrition, ... ... Parakeets : Everything About Purchase, Care, Nutrition , ... Pages: 87, Paperback, Barron's Educational Series [ ... more USD$4.75 - USD$7.99 Amazon.com

    33. Budgerigars
    Breeding budgies budgerigars have a coloured area above their beaks, If you are new to budgerigars/parakeets! or someone with experience I am sure
    http://www.growinglifestyle.com.au/au/j21130
    Growing Lifestyle
    Budgerigars
    Related Topics:
    Displaying articles 1 to 10:
    Breeding Budgies

    Budgerigars
    have a coloured area above their beaks, called a cere. In males the cere is coloured light to dark blue. A male bird in breeding condition will have a deep blue cere in most varieties. He won't have any pin feathers , and his plumage will ... [ ... more
    Burke's Backyard

    Budgie Tip

    Don went into an aviary housing exhibition budgerigars . He demonstrated how important it is to move in a way that does not frighten the birds . When working with birds or animals remember these tips: ... [ ... more
    Burke's Backyard

    Budgerigars (A Complete Pet Owner's Manual)

    A guide to understanding Budgerigars - This book is essential for any new pet owners wondering how to look after or tame their budgie . It includes everything about purchasing, caring, nutrition , behaviour, and training . Even before buying your bird ... [ ... more
    Amazon UK
    Wild Budgies Wild budgerigars are quite small, slim, athletic birds when compared to pet or show birds; exhibition budgies may be four times heavier than wild specimens! And while there are potentially more than 20 million different

    34. Benefits Of Eucalyptus For Budgies
    budgiesbenefit in various ways from the products of the Eucalyptus tree. grass parakeets budgerigars (neophemas) feed on the eucalyptus trees.
    http://www.budgieworld.net/eucalyptus_benefits.htm
    Budgie World
    Natural Budgie Products Budgie World
    Introduction

    Customer Pictures

    Photo Gallery
    ...
    Budgie Care

    Benefits of Eucalyptus
    Budgie Myths

    Our Story

    Budgie Study

    Testimonials
    ...
    Links
    Internet References about the Eucalyptus Tree and the Budgerigar.
    Below are quotations taken from a number of sites on the Internet that recommend the use of Eucalyptus for budgies.
    We at BudgieWorld have no relationship whatsoever with any of these sites. By clicking these links or cutting and pasting them into your web browser they will take you through to their respective websites. You will find the Eucalyptus referred to as a gum tree in some of these articles. Eucalypts have a special place in the life of the budgerigar The wild budgerigar has evolved alongside the Eucalypt tree and over a million years has developed an intimate bond with the tree and its leaves. Wet eucalypt leaves excite and invigorate both the wild and aviary budgerigar into a frenzy of joy. They love to bath in the wet leaves and breeding hens destructively chew the bark searching for trace elements and lysine, the breeding protein. The eucalyptus oil from the leaves has medicinal properties that stimulate the immune system and promote a strong natural resistance to disease.

    35. Bird Section
    budgerigars (commonly referred to as parakeets or budgies ) are quite,intelligent, nondestructive birds that are easy to care for.
    http://www.northforkanimalhospital.com/animals/birds/birds_budgie.htm
    Topics:
    Caring for Your African Grey

    Caring for Your Amazon

    Caring for Your Budgie
    Caring for Your Canary

    Caring for Your Cockatiel

    Caring for Your Cockatoo

    Caring for Your Conure
    ...
    Caring for Your Quaker

    Budgies
    Zoological Education Network c-2000 Budgerigars ("budgies") are small, colorful birds that are found in large numbers in the desert interiors of Australia. Because free-ranging birds are accustomed to going days without water, it is not appropriate in captivity to use drinking water as a vehicle for administering vitamins or medications. The normal free-ranging budgie is green; other colors have resulted from selective breeding, which has actually produced undesirable characteristics, such as a significant increase in body mass and unusual feathering that interferes with normal body functions. Budgerigars are very easy to breed in captivity. Green birds are the most disease-resistant and probably have the longest life expectancy in captivity. What to Expect from Your Budgie Budgerigars (commonly referred to as "parakeets" or "budgies") are quite, intelligent, nondestructive birds that are easy to care for. They are most popular and numerous companion birds because of their relatively gentle, gregarious and entertaining personalities. They do not tend to bond with an individual person, and frequently interact with all family members. Budgerigars are capable of developing a large vocabulary (perhaps 200-300 words) but some effort must be made to accomplish this, and their voice is not as clear as other pet bird species. Some individuals are also good at whistling.

    36. Barriers In Communication With Budgerigars
    What are the barriers that cause parakeets, budgies, budgerigars from This misunderstanding on our part prevents a large percentage of budgies from
    http://www.parrotresearch.com/physobabble.html
    @import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); -Parrotresearch.com- A Journey Into the Mind of A Talking Parrot
    Barriers in Communication Theory

    25 Aug.,2003
    by Ryan B. Reynolds
    Contents
    Downloads and Total Pages Viewed
    (PTD) Parakeet Time Differential
    (PES) Parakeet Emotional Syndrome
    (PAS) Parakeet Autism Syndrome

    http://www.talkingbudgie.homestead.com

    There is a second part to PRS that is also important. I think we have to realize when a living creature tries to communicate with us they expect to be understood. If budgies talk to us and send us information time after time, and we do not respond or try to understand them, they will eventually give up. They don't necessarily give up talking or babbling, but they will give up trying to be understood. I believe a majority of budgies give up trying to communicate with people because they think people are just not smart enough to understand them. This is due to trying time after time, and not getting any response. Even though they give up, this lack of communication in any sentient being can cause additional emotional stress and can contribute to PAS and PES if they have no one else to communicate with. (PATS) Parakeet Artistic Talent Syndrome When I first started recording Victor I realized that he had a natural poetic ability and natural sense of humor. As I listen to more context speaking budgies it is becoming more evident that many others parrots also have this quality.

    37. Budgerigars, Parakeets, And Budgie Books - The Aviary Bird Shop For Companion Bi
    budgerigars Everything About Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Behavior, parakeets (Junior Pet Care Series) by Zuza Vrbova. budgies Getting Started by
    http://www.theaviary.com/cbamazon-budgie.shtml

    Companion (Pet) Birds

    Main Page

    Articles

    Aviary Shop Area
    ...
    Forum

    Search
    The Aviary
    Search this site
    powered by FreeFind
    NEWSLETTER
    Join the Aviary-list our newsletter! Sign up now for twice-a-month tips, advice and more! Forum Talk The Aviary Bird Shop Everything for the companion bird and his owner This section is affiliated with Amazon Books, your one-stop online bookstore for birds!
    Budgerigars and Budgie Books
    Budgerigars : Everything About Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Behavior, and Training by Immanuel Birmelin Step by Step Book About Training Your Parakeet by Darlene Campbell, Elaine Radford Parakeets : Everything About Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Breeding, and Behavior by Annette Wolter Parakeets for Dummies (For Dummies) by Nikki Moustaki The Budgie : An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet by Julie Rach Parakeets (Junior Pet Care Series) by Zuza Vrbova Budgies : Getting Started by Evelyn Miller The Complete Book of Parakeet Care : Expert Advice on Proper Management, 160 Fascinating Color Photos, Tips on Parakeet Care for Children by Annette Wolter, Monika Wegler

    38. Budgies Say
    budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), more commonly known as parakeets, aresmall Australian parrots that show remarkable vocal plasticity throughout life.
    http://www.bsos.umd.edu/psyc/dooling/projects/budsay.html
    What Budgerigars Say Budgerigars ( Melopsittacus undulatus ), more commonly known as parakeets, are small Australian parrots that show remarkable vocal plasticity throughout life. Budgerigars have an enormously complex vocal repertoire. Male budgerigars produce a long, rambling song called warble and both sexes readily produce short, highly stereotyped, frequency modulated vocalizations referred to as contact calls. These vocalizations are interesting because they develop through learning and because these birds, like humans, retain the ability to learn new vocalizations in adulthood. The overall spectrum of these vocalizations, as well as some of the fine grain spectral and temporal changes, are well-matched to the capabilities of the budgerigar auditory system . Current research is exploring the limit of vocal learning in this species and the special relationship between vocal complexity and hearing capabilities. Below are sound spectrograms (plots of time against frequency) of the long rambling warble of a male budgerigar, as well as a representative contact call from a domesticated budgerigar, and one from an Australian wild caught budgerigar. The warble of male budgerigars is used to coordinate reproduction and is effective in stimulating female budgerigars to ovulate and in stimulating other male budgerigars to warble. Budgerigar contact calls are learned, and they may have one to several contact calls in their repertoire at any one time. Typically, though, budgerigars produce a single dominant contact call type 98% of the time in communicating with other budgerigars.

    39. Budgies Hear
    budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), also known as parakeets, are popular cagebirds the world over. These small Australian parrots have proven to be
    http://www.bsos.umd.edu/psyc/dooling/projects/budhea%7E1.htm

    40. Parrot Pictures Of Parrots,amazon Parrots, Parrotlets, Cockatoos
    Jack Smith (white female) Starbucks Joey Capt. John Smith (brothers)budgies (budgerigars, parakeets) melopsittacus undulatus Bloomfield Hills, MI USA
    http://www.fluffies.org/parakeets-parrots-around-the-world.htm
    kakariki
    cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
    United Kingdom
    budgie (budgerigar, parakeet)
    melopsittacus undulatus
    USA
    lutino Indian ringneck
    psittacula krameri
    USA
    Casanova
    male moustache parakeet psittacula alexandri USA Sassy female moustache parakeet psittacula alexandri USA Luna (20-3-2003) turquuoise blue Indian ringneck parakeet Psittacula krameri Canada Binky (2 years old) male Eastern rosella ( golden mantle rosella platycercus eximius Ontario, Canada Kiwi (5 years old) moustache parakeet psittacula alexandri Florida, USA Alex (7 years old) Alexandrine parakeet psittacula eupatria Florida, USA Paulie (4 years old) red capped parrot purpureicephalus spurius Australia Bappie (deceased) green budgie (budgerigar, parakeet) melopsittacus undulatus USA Bourke's parakeet neophema bourkii Indiana, USA

    A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  

    Page 2     21-40 of 99    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20

    free hit counter