21. Panama Government Government. IN LATE 1987, PANAMA S political system was unable to respond Protests over the role in the government played by the Panama Defense Forces http://www.country-studies.com/panama/government.html

Government IN LATE 1987, PANAMA'S political system was unable to respond to the problems confronting the nation. Protests over the role in the government played by the Panama Defense Forces (Fuerzas de Defensa de PanamáFDP) and their commander, General Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno, had produced economic disruption and the appearance of political instability and had contributed to serious strains in relations with the United States. With no immediate resolution of the conflict likely, Panama appeared to be in its most severe political crisis since the 1968 coup, which had made the military the dominant political force in the nation. The October 1968 coup marked the third time that the military had ousted Arnulfo Arias Madrid from the presidency of Panama. It differed from previous coups, however, in that it installed a military regime that promoted a mixture of populist and nationalist policies, while at the same time assiduously courting international business. Led, until his death in 1981, by the charismatic General Omar Torrijos Herrera, the military used limited but effective repression to prevent civilian opposition groups from returning to power. Torrijos also created the Democratic Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario DemocráticoPRD), which became the official ruling party. THE CONSTITUTION THE GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM THE LEGACY OF OMAR TORRIJOS POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AFTER TORRIJOS ... Celebrity

22. Panama Government 1989 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resou panama government 1989 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, http://www.theodora.com/wfb1989/panama/panama_government.html

1989 INDEX Country Ranks DEFINITIONS Geography ... Economy Government Flags Communications Defense Forces Photos ... [TOP] Panama Government - 1989 http://www.theodora.com/wfb1989/panama/panama_government.html SOURCE: 1989 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Long-form name: Republic of Panama Type: centralized republic Capital: Panama Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (provincias, singularprovincia) and 1 territory* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*, Veraguas Independence: 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821) Constitution: 11 October 1972; with major reforms adopted in April 1983 Legal system: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 3 November (1903) Branches: under April 1983 reforms, a president, two vice presidents, and a 67-member Legislative Assembly are elected by popular vote for five-year terms; nine Supreme Court Justices and nine alternates serve 10-year terms; two justices and their alternates are replaced every other December by presidential nomination and legislative confirmation Leaders: Eric Arturo DELVALLE Henriquez, President (since September 1985); Roderick ESQUIVEL, First Vice President (since October 1985); Second Vice President (vacant) (recognized by the United States); President Delvalle was ousted by Defense Chief Manuel Noriega in 1988 and Manuel Solis Palma was imposed in place of Delvalle as Minister-in-Charge of the Presidency

23. Panama Government 2002 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resou panama government 2002 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb2002/panama/panama_government.html

2002 INDEX Country Ranks DEFINITIONS Introduction ... History Government Gov. Leaders Flags Economy Communications ... Military Government Gov. Leaders Flags Photos Feedback ... [TOP] Panama Government - 2002 http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb2002/panama/panama_government.html SOURCE: 2002 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Disputes - international none Illicit drugs major cocaine transshipment point and major drug money-laundering center; no recent signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem major cocaine transshipment point and major drug money-laundering center; no recent signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem NOTE: The information regarding Panama on this page is re-published from the 2002 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Panama Government 2002 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Panama Government 2002 should be addressed to the CIA. Please ADD this page to your FAVORITES - - - - - Language Translation Services - All Languages http://www.photius.com/wfb2002/panama/panama_government.html

24. Panama Government 1998 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resou panama government 1998 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb1998/panama/panama_government.html

2001 INDEX 2000 INDEX 1999 INDEX 1997 INDEX ... People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military ... [TOP] Panama Government 1998 http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb1998/panama/panama_government.html SOURCE: 1998 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Country name conventional long form: Republic of Panama conventional short form: Panama local long form: Republica de Panama local short form: Panama Data code PM Government type constitutional republic National capital Panama Administrative divisions 9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 2 territories* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*, Veraguas, and a new, as yet unnamed territory* or 'comarca' created 7 March 1997 when President PEREZ BALLADARES signed a bill designating a reserve stretched across three provinces Independence 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821) National holiday Independence Day, 3 November (1903) Constitution 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted April 1983 Legal system based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

25. CNN.com - Panama Government To Upgrade Border Police After Attack - October 18, The government has allocated an additional $3 million to improve the weaponry of police in the border region where armed Colombians staged a weekend raid on http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/10/18/panama.attack.ap/

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Panama government to upgrade border police after attack PANAMA CITY, Panama

26. Panama Government Type - Government Flag of Panama. panama government type. Home Panama Government Government type Ecclesiastical a government administrated by a church. http://www.indexmundi.com/panama/government_type.html

Panama Government type Home Panama Government constitutional democracy Definition This entry gives the basic form of government. Definitions of the major governmental terms are as follows: Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority. Commonwealth - a nation, state, or other political entity founded on law and united by a compact of the people for the common good. Communism - a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people (i.e., a classless society). Confederacy (Confederation) - a union by compact or treaty between states, provinces, or territories, that creates a central government with limited powers; the constituent entities retain supreme authority over all matters except those delegated to the central government. Constitutional - a government by or operating under an authoritative document (constitution) that sets forth the system of fundamental laws and principles that determines the nature, functions, and limits of that government.

27. Panama Government Profile 2005 Flag of Panama. panama government Profile 2005. Home Panama note government coalition PRD (Democratic Revolutionary Party), PP (Popular Party) http://www.indexmundi.com/panama/government_profile.html

Panama Government Profile 2005 Home Panama Country name conventional long form: Republic of Panama conventional short form: Panama local long form: Republica de Panama local short form: Panama Government type constitutional democracy Capital Panama Administrative divisions 9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 territory* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*(Kuna Yala), and Veraguas Independence 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821) National holiday Independence Day, 3 November (1903) Constitution 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004 Legal system based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch chief of state: President Martin TORRIJOS Espino (since 1 September 2004); First Vice President Samuel LEWIS Navarro (since 1 September 2004); Second Vice President Ruben AROSEMENA Valdes (since 1 September 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Martin TORRIJOS Espino (since 1 September 2004); First Vice President Samuel LEWIS Navarro (since 1 September 2004); Second Vice President Ruben AROSEMENA Valdes (since 1 September 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

28. 1Up Travel > Panama Government - Facts On Government Of Panama Is Here. Wanted to find out info about Government of Panama with respect to Country name, Data code, Dependency status, Government type, Capital, http://www.1uptravel.com/international/centralamerica/panama/government.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations Web 1UpTravel.com You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Central America Panama ADVERTISEMENT Country Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Panama Guide Panama Maps Panama Hotels Panama Flag ... Panama Travel Warning Panama Government Panama Government Top of Page Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Panama conventional short form: Panama local long form: Republica de Panama local short form: Panama Government type: constitutional democracy Capital: Panama Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and one territory* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*, and Veraguas Independence: 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)

29. Explore Panama - Profile panama government The Republic of Panama is a sovereign, independent state. Its government is unitary, republican, democratic and representative, http://www.explorepanama.com/profile/profiler.htm

PANAMA STATISTICS Full country name: Panama Area: 78,000 sq km (30,420 sq mi) Panama Population: 2,735,943 (growth rate 1.56%) Panama Capital city: Panama City (pop 610,000) Panama People: 65% mestizo, 14% African descent, 10% Spanish descent - white, 5% mulatto, 6% Ameridian Panama Language: Spanish (official), English (14%) and Indian languages Panama Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 10% Protestant, 5% Islamic Panama Government: Democracy Panama President: Martin Torrijos Panama Currency: Balboa (B/.1 = US$ 1) US dollar is used. Time: GMT/UTC minus 5 hours (Eastern Standard Time. Panama is one hour ahead of the rest of Central America. Electricity: Variable - either 110V or 220V - 60 hz. Metric PANAMA FACTS Located in the center of the Western Hemisphere, Panama borders on the Caribbean Sea in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the south, Colombia in the east and Costa Rica in the west. Panama is the connecting link between Central and South America, with about 80 kilometers (50 miles) wide in its narrowest part. On one side, the Caribbean Sea washes its coast, and on the other side, the Pacific Ocean skirts its long, beautiful beaches. The Panama Canal, considered as the Eight Wonder of the world, allows vessels to transit from one ocean to the other. Panama's topography varies from mountains towards the Caribbean coast to small hills and vast savannas towards the Pacific side.

30. Government - Panama - Central America: Government Panama, Independence Spain, 19 government panama, independence spain, 1989 panama, manuel noriega, military police, omar torrijos, america panama, changing times, defense international, http://www.countriesquest.com/central_america/panama/government.htm

you are here home Central America Panama Government Panama, Government Panama has well-rooted democratic traditions dating back to independence from Spain in 1821. Panama adopted constitutions in 1903, 1946, and 1972. These have been amended to fit changing times, and major revisions were made in 1983. All citizens 18 years of age and above are required to vote in elections. Despite Panama’s democratic traditions, the military has been heavily involved in politics since the 1930s and controlled government from 1968 to 1989. Panama officially had no army after granting the United States defense powers in 1903, but it has maintained a military police force called the National Police (1903-1953), the National Guard (1953-1983), the Panama Defense Forces (1983-1989), and the Public Forces (1990- ). By the late 1940s, the commander of the police, Jose Antonio Remon, effectively selected and removed presidents, and in 1952 Remon himself became president. Only after he was assassinated in 1955 did the police pull back from active involvement in government. In 1968, however, two colonels led a coup that overthrew the president and initiated a 22-year dictatorship. The dominant figures were Omar Torrijos Herrera (1969-1981) and Manuel Noriega (1984-1989). A U.S. invasion in 1989 removed Noriega, disbanded the military, and restored civilian government.

31. Panama Government: From The All Country Info Reference Guide To Country Facts Free reference information on panama government. panama government A summary of information about panama government, from government research data as http://www.allcountryinfo.org/panama/panama_government/panama_government.shtml

University of Phoenix The fastest growing school in the world. Highly career-focused education , designed to accelerate the careers of working professionals. Both campus-based and online. Wide range of degrees, programs, locations. Panama Government Panama Government : A summary of information about Panama Government, from government research data as well as independent research and other sources. You are here: All Countries Panama Panama: Government Country name conventional long form: Republic of Panama conventional short form: Panama local long form: Republica de Panama local short form: Panama Data code PM Government type constitutional democracy Capital Panama Administrative divisions 9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 2 territories* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Ngobe-Bugle*, Panama, San Blas*, and Veraguas Independence 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821) National holiday Independence Day, 3 November (1903) Constitution 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted April 1983 and in 1994

32. Panama Government Privatizes Social Security panama government Privatizes Social Security Over Nationwide Protests and Violence Four days of protests against government moves to privatize Panama s http://www.larouchepub.com/pr/2005/050527panama.html

PRESS RELEASE Panama Government Privatizes Social Security Over Nationwide Protests and Violence must include privatization. Four days of protests against government moves to privatize Panama's social security and medical attention plan, which have involved violent clashes with police, are rapidly moving toward an indefinite general strike, as Panama's Congress ignored a 10,000-person protest Wednesday night and voted up the privatization "reform" package in the first of two required debates. More than 240 workers and students have already been arrested, and scores injured as well. The social security system serves 75% of the Panamanian population. Rios has been pointing out that the "reforms" in Panama are part and parcel of what's going on in the United States and elsewhere, and for the same reason: the collapse of the world's financial system, and in recent days he had EIR 's Carlos Wesley on his daily radio show, "Christianity and Society," to brief the Panamanians on the LaRouche-led fight against privatization in the United States. The New York Times of May 26 obligingly argued the government's viewpoint, that "The social security system's reserves are inadequate for its future pension commitments, and the government needs pension reform to rein in a hefty budget deficit. Cleaning up public finances is key to Torrijos' ambitious plan to expand the country's interoceanic canal, whose locks are too small for a new generation of vast vessels."

33. Panama Canal Treaty Financial And Political Genocide Of America And the US is giving it back free to the panama government? In 1997, the panama government signed an exclusive contract with Hutchison Whampoa Ltd to http://www.dldewey.com/columns/panamaf.htm

Food For Thought Panama Canal Treaty Financial and Political Genocide of America September 7th, 1999 by columnist David Lawrence Dewey "Reading provides knowledge... knowledge leads to answers." SEARCH HOME Previous Columns This coming December 31st, 1999 will mark the most expensive giveaway that the American taxpayer has ever footed the bill on. The handover which gives free and clear title of the Panama Canal to the government of Panama was pushed through during the Carter administration in the late 1970's. Americans should be outraged at this treaty and here is why. There were three key issues expressed during political debates by Congressional leaders in Congress on the Panama Canal, but, none involving the amount of money the United States has spent since building the canal in 1903. The political maneuvers of leading Congressional figures during the debates to ratify the treaty managed to keep this real issue hidden from the American taxpayer as they normally do. Informational statistics listed in the U.S. Department of Historical Statistics list the expenditures that the American taxpayer has been hit with since the building of the canal. The amounts are shocking and staggering. This is a summary of those statistics. In 1903, the U.S., i.e. the American taxpayer paid ten million dollars to the Panama government for the land acquired in building the canal. This was suppose to be

34. Panama Government Information Travel Document Systems; Passport and Visa Services. This is the site for the latest Travel Information and the most complete collection of online Visa http://www.traveldocs.com/pa/govern.htm

Panama South America GOVERNMENT NATIONAL SECURITY The Government has converted the former PDF into the Panamanian Public Force (PPF), a "law enforcement focused" force that is subordinate to civilian authority, composed of four independent organizations: the Panamanian National Police (Policia Nacional de Panamá or PNP), National Maritime Service (Servicio Maritimo Nacional or SMN), the National Air Service (Servicio Aéreo Nacional or SAN), and the Institutional Protectional Service (Servicio de Protección Institucional or SPI). A constitutional amendment passed in 1994 permanently abolished the military. Law enforcement units that are separated from the PPF, such as the Technical Judicial Police, also are directly subordinate to civilian authorities. The PPF budget, in contrast to the former PDF, is on public record and under the control of the executive. Principal Government Officials PresidentMartin TORRIJOS First Vice PresidentSamuel LEWIS Navarro Ministry of Foreign AffairsSamuel LEWIS Navarro Ambassador to the United NationsRicardo Alberto ARIAS Panama maintains an embassy in the United States at 2862 McGill Terrace, NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel: 202-483-1407).

35. Offshore Jurisdictions: Panama Do financial statements have to be submitted to the panama government? Panama is considered by government analysts to be the most stable government in http://www.confidentialbanking.com/jurisdictions-panama.html

Service Request Order Online Newsletter Tell A Friend ORDER A PACKAGE: IBC Exclusive Package Belize Corporations BVI Corporations Costa Rica Corporations ... Shelf Corporations REQUEST INFORMATION : Offshore Incorporations Brokerage Accounts Offshore Bank Accounts Offshore Mail Forwarding ... Swiss Banking The Tax Free Jurisdiction of Panama Where is Panama Located? What is the population of Panama? What is the main spoken language of Panama? What Currency does Panama use? ... How many Shareholders are required? Where is Panama Located? The Republic of Panama, with an area of approximately 76,900 sq km and is located just south of Costa Rica, forming the narrowest and lowest portion of the isthmus that links North and South America. What is the population of Panama? The population of Panama is approximately 2.4 million, about 52% of which live in urban areas. What is the main spoken language of Panama? Spanish is the official spoken language however English is also spoken widely in urban areas and is used daily in commerce and international trade. What Currency does Panama use?

36. Panama Government Threatens Internet's Integrity || The Mac Observer panama government Threatens Internet s Integrity. by. Daniel Miller. , 800 AM EST, November 5th, 2002. The Panamanian Government has recently issued a http://www.macobserver.com/article/2002/11/04.14.shtml

@import url("http://altmedia.macobserver.com/tmo_media/css/styles.css"); You'll get your Mac news here from now on. Skip navigational links Home Features Archives ... RSS Choose text size: Help wanted: Join TMO's Team! We're looking for a Reporter Panama Government Threatens Internet's Integrity by eval(unescape('%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%77%72%69%74%65%28%27%3c%61%20%68%72%65%66%3d%6d%61%69%6c%74%6f%3a%64%61%6e%40%6d%61%63%6f%62%73%65%72%76%65%72%2e%63%6f%6d%3e%44%61%6e%69%65%6c%20%4d%69%6c%6c%65%72%3c%2f%61%3e%27%29')) Daniel Miller , 8:00 AM EST, November 5th, 2002 The Panamanian Government has recently issued a document (in Spanish) intended to end all Voice over IP (VoIP) operating both on and through its networks. A Sunday report in Linux and Main states that: ...the Panamanian government requires "that within 5 days of publication, all ISPs will block the 24 UDP ports used for VoIP and any other that could be used in the future (which could end up being all UDP ports)," according to a reporter and computer consultant there, and that "the ISPs will block in their firewall or main router and in all their Border routers that connect with other autonomous systems." This "unequivocally decrees that all routers, including those not carrying traffic from Panama, but that might be traversing Panama, have the 24 UDP ports blocked."

37. International Safety / Panama : Panama, Panama Government, Panama Organization International Safety, Panama References from government and business entities in Panama. http://www.thesafetylibrary.com/sites/intsfpanam.php?mcat=International Safety&s

38. Regional: Central America: Panama: Government And Politics - Open Site Regional Central America panama government and Politics Open Site. http://open-site.org/Regional/Central_America/Panama/Government_and_Politics/

Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project home submit content become an editor the entire directory only in Panama/Government_and_Politics Top Regional Central America Panama : Government and Politics See also: Regional: Central America: Government and Politics This category needs an editor - apply here Open Site Code 0.5.3 robot company. Visit our sister sites dmoz.org mozilla.org chefmoz.org musicmoz.org ... edit

39. Panama Guide - Web Resources panama government. Governments on the Web Panama (60) A listing of links to many of the Panamanian Government s official web sites. http://www.panama-guide.com/links.php?category=Panama Government

40. Ecotourism In Panama/Planeta.com Community Based Ecotourism In The Panama Canal Watershed. meetings on the topic with nonprofit organizations, panama government agencies, donors, http://www.planeta.com/planeta/99/0799panama.html

Community Based Ecotourism In The Panama Canal Watershed: Executive Summary by Tara Lumpkin May/Mayo 1998 Home Central America CA Books CA News ... PANAMA Tourism, which is predicted to become a leading contributor to Panama's economy, can be harnessed to support conservation, historical preservation, cultural revitalization, research, and community well-being. The fact that Panama has very little tourism infrastructure actually allows the country to position itself to take advantage of tourism's new global profile that focuses on the synergy of tourism, conservation, and research. "Sustainable heritage tourism" is one term used to describe this concept (Ayala 1997). Another term is "ecotourism." In order for Panama to become a leader in sustainable heritage tourism, strategic alliances must be created between five sectors: communities, the non-profit sector (community based organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and research organizations), government agencies, donor organizations, and the private sector. Community based ecotourism is undeveloped in Panama, and no tourism master plan exists that links communities to other sectors involved in tourism. Projects in other countries illustrate that when communities become involved in grassroots level tourism, they can preserve their local environments and earn additional income, thus reducing their reliance on unsustainable environmental practices. Community based ecotourism is particularly useful for communities living within or near protected areas. Efforts must be made to link community based ecotourism with conservation; otherwise, community level tourism actually can have negative effects upon local environments. And other sectors must actively support community efforts to engage in grassroots ecotourism if their own tourism efforts are to succeed.

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