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11. Pakistan History And Regional Cultures pakistan Virtual Library history and regional Cultures. Asian Studies WWW VirtualLibrary. General and Historical; Cities of pakistan http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/gthursby/pak/history.htm

The web page you requested is now served from the new site of the Pakistan World Wide Web Virtual Library at http://www.southasianist.info/pakistan/index.html If you are not redirected automatically within a few seconds then please click on the link above.

12. Pakistan: History In the mid1970s Bhutto s government faced increasing regional tensions amongPakistan s various ethnic groups. After Bhutto s 1977 election victory was http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0860200.html

Ads_kid=80233;Ads_bid=0;Ads_xl=0;Ads_yl=0;Ads_xp='';Ads_yp='';Ads_xp1='';Ads_yp1='';Ads_opt=0;Ads_wrd='';Ads_prf='';Ads_par='';Ads_cnturl='';Ads_sec=0;Ads_channels='_GNM_Family,_GNM_QLook,_GNM_QPlus,_GNM_RON_Pop-Under,_GNM_RON_Pop-Up,_GNM_RON_Q,_GNM_Under18'; Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Site Map Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Pakistan (Asia) Encyclopedia Pakistan History Early History The northwest of the Indian subcontinent, which now constitutes Pakistan, lies athwart the historic invasion routes through the Khyber, Gumal, and Bolan passes from central Asia to the heartland of India, and for thousands of years invaders and adventurers swept down upon the settlements there. The Indus valley civilization , which flourished until c.1500 B.C. , was one of the region's earliest civilizations. The Aryans, who surpassed the Indus, were followed by the Persians of the Achaemenid empire, who by c.500 B.C.

13. Pakistan: History In the mid1970s Bhutto s government faced increasing regional tensions among India-pakistan The history of Unsolved Conflicts Volume One The http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860200.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 24, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Pakistan (Asia) google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Pakistan History Early History The northwest of the Indian subcontinent, which now constitutes Pakistan, lies athwart the historic invasion routes through the Khyber, Gumal, and Bolan passes from central Asia to the heartland of India, and for thousands of years invaders and adventurers swept down upon the settlements there. The

14. Pakistan: A Political History] pakistan s short history as a country has been very turbulent. This diversityhas caused chronic regional tensions and successive failures in forming a http://www.askasia.org/teachers/Instructional_Resources/Materials/Readings/India

Pakistan: A Political History Pakistan's short history as a country has been very turbulent. Fighting among the provinces as well as full-fledged wars with India prevented Pakistan from gaining real stability in the last five decades. It oscillates between military rule and democratically elected governments, between secular policies and financial backing as a "frontline" state during the Cold War. In 1998, Pakistan's government jolted the world when it announced that it tested five nuclear warheads following India's own test. The United States imposed severe sanctions on Pakistan and India. In late September 2001, following the terrorist attacks on the United States, the sanctions were lifted in an effort to gain Pakistan's favor in having Afghanistan extradite terrorist Osama bin Laden, who was believed to be behind the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks. Some Pakistanis believe that the lifting of U.S. sanctions would not usher any economic prosperity but rather bring disaster because we are pitting "brother to fight against his own brother in Afghanistan." Only the perspective of time will tell. Overview When Pakistan became a country on August 14th, 1947, to form the largest Muslim state in the world. The creation of Pakistan was catalyst to the largest demographic movement in recorded history. Nearly seventeen million people-Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs-are reported to have moved in both directions between India and the two wings of Pakistan (the eastern wing is now Bangladesh). Sixty million of the ninety-five million Muslims on the Indian subcontinent became citizens of Pakistan at the time of its creation. Subsequently, thirty-five million Muslims remained inside India making it the largest Muslim minority in a non-Muslim state.

15. Pakistan (08/05) pakistan s Islamic history began with the arrival of Muslim traders in the Other parties with a strong regional, ethnic, or religious base include the http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3453.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of South Asian Affairs August 2005 Background Note: Pakistan PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Geography Area: 803,943 sq. km. (310,527 sq. mi.); almost twice the size of California. Cities: Capital The city of Islamabad (pop. 800,000) and adjacent Rawalpindi (1,406, 214) comprise the national capital area with a combined population of 3.7 million. Other cities Karachi (11,624,219) (2005 est.), Lahore (6,310,888) (2005 est.), Faisalabad (1,977,246) and Hyderabad (1,151,274). People Nationality: Noun and adjective Pakistan(i). Population (2005 est.): 162,419.946. Annual growth rate (2005 est.): 2.03%. Ethnic groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtun, Baloch, Muhajir (i.e., Urdu-speaking immigrants from India and their descendants), Saraiki, and Hazara. Religions: Muslim 97%; small minorities of Christians, Hindus, and others. Languages: Urdu (national and official), English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtu, Baloch, Hindko, Brahui, Saraiki (Punjabi variant). Education: Literacy (2003)45.7%; male 59.8%; female 30.6%. Unofficial estimates are as low as 35%.

16. Pakistan History & Pakistan Culture | IExplore pakistan history In ancient times, the area that now comprises pakistan Yet despite these factors, the regional crisis centered on Afghanistan and Iraq, http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Pakistan/History

FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 5 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community ... My iExplore advertisement Home Travel Guides South and Southeast Asia Pakistan History E-mail this page Pakistan Travel Guide View Trips to Pakistan South and Southeast Asia Overview Browse Pakistan Photos Pakistan Questions and Answers ... Shopping Pakistan History Sponsored Listings Add your listing adsonar_pid=3019;adsonar_ps=370666;adsonar_zw=540;adsonar_zh=220;adsonar_jv='ads.adsonar.com'; India In 1977, however, the military again took power in a coup and re-established martial law under General Mohammed Zia ul-Haq. Bhutto was executed in 1979. Military rule continued until the death of General Zia in a plane crash in 1988, after which a democratic constitution and civilian government were re-instituted. The 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon in the USA drew an immediate and massive response from the US government. Its targets were the Afghanistan-based al-Qaeda mudrassas (Islamic colleges). The graduates were recruited into the

17. Pakistan - History Throughout history, the people of pakistan have had a number of different 5 During the 16th century, India was ruled by several regional rulers. http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_Geography_238_1.html

Sample Pakistan - History Worksheet Reading Comprehension Worksheets edHelper.com Subscribers: Build a printable worksheet with the complete story and puzzles Build a proofreading activity With just one subscription, you will have access to the math, spelling, vocabulary, and critical thinking worksheets! Sign up now for the subscriber materials! Pakistan - History By Ekaterina Zhdanova-Redman Although people have been living in the area of Pakistan for thousands of years, Pakistan is actually a new country. In fact, Pakistan became a country in the mid-20th century. Before then, Pakistan and its people were part of the nation of India. Ultimately, divisions over religion and culture would break Pakistan and India apart. Pakistan is a country in Asia, to India's northwest. It is bordered by Afghanistan, India, Iran and China. Today, the majority religion in Pakistan is Islamalthough it hasn't always been this way. Throughout history, the people of Pakistan have had a number of different religions. Part of this is because of where Pakistan is located. Around the 1st century AD, there was a route from China in the east to countries in western Asia. This route was known as the Great Silk Way or the Great Silk Road. This was a very important road at the time because it united countries and people along its route. Pakistan was along the Silk Way, and travelers on the Way brought much culture and trade to Pakistan. The religion of Buddhism came to Pakistan, which had been a majority-Hindu area. The rulers of the area, called the Kushans, did very well trading silk on the Silk Way. This trade helped them establish the capital of the Kushan Empire at Peshawar.

18. PAKISTAN HISTORY pakistan history. BACKGROUND TO PARTITION. The Muslim League and Mohammed Ali But he was conscious that he possessed no local or regional power base. http://www.pakistaninformation.com/historyhtml.html

PAKISTAN HISTORY BACKGROUND TO PARTITION The gradual clarification of the British intention to grant self-government to India along the lines of British parliamentary democracy aroused Muslim apprehensions regarding ultimate political subjection to the Hindu majority of the population. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, as eager as any Hindu nationalist to bring British rule to an end, was at length driven to the conclusion, which the renowned poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal had already expressed, that the only way to preserve Indian Muslims from complete political, economic, and cultural subordination to the Hindus was to establish a separate Muslim state. By 1940, the demand for Pakistan had been formally endorsed by the Muslim League under his leadership. British policy, supported by the whole weight of the Hindu nationalist movement, labored hard to avoid disrupting the economic and political unity built up during the period of British rule. None of the many suggested alternatives to separation of Pakistan commended them-selves to Jinnah, whose leadership of the bulk of the community was unchallenged, and without his cooperation- of which the price was Pakistan-Indian independence was impracticable. His courage and implacable determination triumphed in the end. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKI5TAN Political decline.

19. Pakistan Regional And Ethnic Factors - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, N pakistan regional and Ethnic Factors Flags, Maps, Economy, history, Climate,Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, http://www.photius.com/countries/pakistan/government/pakistan_government_regiona

Country Ranks INDEX for Pakistan History ... Feedback Pakistan Regional and Ethnic Factors http://www.photius.com/countries/pakistan/government/pakistan_government_regional_and_ethnic_~10404.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Pakistan Government Government and politics bear the imprint of Pakistan's diversity. Despite the loss of the country's East Wing in 1971, the body politic remains a varied and volatile mix of ethnic, linguistic, and regional groups, and provincialism and ethnic rivalries continue to impede the progress of national integration. Although Islam is a unifying force, and the majority of Pakistanis are Sunni (see Glossary) Muslims, there is considerable cultural diversity within and among the country's four provinces, and coreligionists' identification as Sindhis, Punjabis, Baloch, or Pakhtuns (see Glossary) is strong. Added to the indigenous human mosaic are the more than 7 million muhajirs (refugees or immigrants from India and their descendants) from various parts of India. Economic and political rivalries persist between the muhajirs and the indigenous populations of the provinces of Pakistan. These contests often turn violent and have contributed significantly to national unrest and instability (see

20. TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLESby Kurt Schuler TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY history regional TABLES by Kurt Schuler. www.dollarization.org State Bank of pakistan Bangladesh (19481971) http://users.erols.com/kurrency/authorities.htm

TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLES by Kurt Schuler www.dollarization.org Preliminary version, May 2005 I welcome comments from knowledgeable readers. Should you have a suggested correction, please specify the source of your information. I am most interested in information from primary sources, particularly laws and the reports of monetary authorities. Notes So far the tables for Africa, Asia, and Australia/Pacific are finished, though they are subject to revision. "Present" refers to 2005 in the tables of monetary authorities. Table. African countries that have had various types of monetary authorities Systems with competitive issue of the monetary base Free bankingCompetitive issue by banks of notes (paper money) and deposits with few special regulations. Fixed exchange rate with gold, silver, or a foreign currency. Lesotho (1902-21), Malawi (1894-1940), Mauritius (1813-17, 1817-24*, 1824-5, 1832-49), Namibia (1915-61), South Africa (1837-1920, 1920-1*), Swaziland (1897-1921), Zambia (1906-40), Zimbabwe (1892-1940). Besides these episodes, there was also limited competition in Mozambique (1919-42*). Botswana (1897) and Nigeria (sometime 1899-1912) had episodes of note issue by a single bank either too brief or not extensive enough to usefully classify as free banking. Free issueUnusual system with neither an exchange rate target nor centralized control of the monetary base.

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