21. BoM-Forecasts For Sun Safety The Bureau of meteorology, in conjunction with the Cooperative Research Centre for meteorology, developed a global computer model that predicts ozone http://www.bom.gov.au/info/about_uvb.shtml

Home About Us Contacts Help ... Feedback SEARCH Global Australia NSW Vic. ... Registered User Services FORECASTS FOR SUN SAFETY Predictions of ultraviolet radiation help the campaign against skin cancer This year, almost 300,000 Australians will visit a doctor or specialist to have a skin cancer (or cancers) removed. Sunburn caused by overexposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is known to be the primary cause of skin cancer. To help people choose appropriate levels of protection against skin cancer, the Bureau of Meteorology issues daily forecasts of the UV Index. UV Index forecasts are issued as a map of Australia, a numerical value with descriptive category, and as a graph, for capital cities and towns across Australia. The map, text and graphical forecasts are available via the Bureau's website. The mass media also receive text forecasts along with other Bureau services. Commencing December 2002, the Bureau of Meteorology, Cancer Council Australia and Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) adopted the World Health Organisation Global Solar UV Index, for reporting the level of solar UV danger in Australia. The progressive adoption of the Global UV Index by other countries will heighten the awareness of the sun safety message for tourists and residents alike. About ultraviolet radiation The sun emits three types of ultraviolet radiation – UVA, UVB and UVC. UVA penetrates deep into the skin causing damage like wrinkles and discolouration. Exposure to UVB causes sunburn, a skin reaction where blood vessels expand and leak fluids, producing inflammation, pain and redness. Sunburn, whether severe or mild, can cause permanent and irreversible skin damage. Cumulative exposure to UV radiation and the number of severe sunburns received, especially during childhood, increases the risk of developing skin cancer.

22. Meteorology 3100: Syllabus meteorology 3100 Syllabus. Spring 2005 Exam 2 Stratospheric ozone Production and Destruction . 23. 3/7. Discussion 4 Should Oil Drilling Be Allowed http://www.met.utah.edu/perry/METEO_3100_Syllabus.htm

Meteorology 3100 Syllabus Spring 2005 Class # Date Topics Auxilary Material Present Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere, Measures of Atmospheric Composition Atmospheric Residence Times, Notes #1 Discussion #1: Have Humans Significantly Altered the Atmosphere in the Holocene Epoch? Article #1 Article #2 Notes #2 ***** University Holiday No Class ***** Air Pollution Terminology and Sources, Air Quality in the United States Notes #3 Notes #4 Transport and Removal Mechanisms of Atmospheric Aerosol Aerosol Size Distributions Atmospheric Effects of Particulate Matter Notes #5 Atmospheric Effects of Particulate Matter Introduction to Aerosol Instrumentation, Aerosol Laboratory Exercise Discussion #2: To What Extent Should the Government Regulate Air Pollution? Article #1 Article #2 Article #3 Health Effects of Particulate Matter Review for Exam 1 Stratospheric Ozone Production Exam 1: Composition and Evolution of Atmospheric Gases and Aerosols Balanced Chemical Reactions, Chemical Equilibrium

23. Meteorology Of Ozones Image that says meteorology of ozone. meteorology of ozone The troposphere and the stratosphere are the two lowest layers of the atmosphere. http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/ozone/ozatmo4.html

Skip Navigation Meteorology of Ozone The troposphere and the stratosphere are the two lowest layers of the atmosphere. The troposphere is the layer next to Earth's surface. On the average, it extends 11 km to the top of the troposphere which is called the tropopause. In the troposphere, the temperature generally decreases with altitude. The reason is that the troposphere's gases absorb very little of the incoming solar radiation. Instead, the ground absorbs this radiation and then heats the tropospheric air by conduction and convection . Since this heating is most effective near the ground, the temperature in the troposphere gradually decreases with increasing altitude until the tropopause is reached. This is the beginning of the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, the temperature remains isothermal until about 20 km. Then a strange thing happensthe temperature actually begins to increase with altitude. From a temperature of about -56.5C at 20 km, it increases to -2.5C at 50 km. The reason for this temperature fluctuation is that ozone absorbs the uvb radiation in the lower atmosphere. Higher in the atmosphere, however, normal diatomic oxygen absorbs the uvc radiation. Once it is absorbed, it is reradiated at different wavelengths, thereby warming the stratosphere. At the top of the stratosphere (about 50 km, the stratopause), the temperature begins to decrease again as the altitude increases. Above the stratopause, in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere harmful gamma rays and X-rays are absorbed.

24. BUBL LINK: Ozone The ozone hole was discovered by scientists from the British Antarctic Survey in Applications of meteorology, World Climate Research, Global Climate http://bubl.ac.uk/link/o/ozone.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Ozone Titles Descriptions AIRNOW: Real Time Air Pollution Data Antarctic Ozone Hole British Antarctic Survey Ozone Bulletins ESTO: Earth Science and Technology Organization ... World Meteorological Organisation Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk AIRNOW: Real Time Air Pollution Data Resource concerned with air quality and ozone throughout the US. Includes maps which provide real-time air pollution data, information about public health and the environmental effects of air pollution, and suggestions of ways in which the public can protect their health and reduce pollution. Also features Webcam images and publications such as the Air Quality Index Rule and Guidelines for Reporting of Daily Air Quality. Author: Environmental Protection Agency Subjects: air quality, ozone, pollution DeweyClass: Resource type: documents, images, maps Antarctic Ozone Hole Document which explains the formation of the spring-time depletion of the ozone layer above the Antarctic (the ozone hole), and answers some common questions. The ozone hole was discovered by scientists from the British Antarctic Survey in 1985, and demonstrated that understanding of the atmosphere is far from complete. Author: Shanklin, Jonathan

25. BUBL LINK: Meteorology Office and information on ozone experiments, stratosphere, mesosphere and troposphere Subjects british weather, meteorology, united kingdom http://bubl.ac.uk/link/m/meteorology.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Meteorology Titles Descriptions About Rainbows British Atmospheric Data Centre British Isles Weather Information Comprehensive Bibliography on the El Nino Phenomena ... World Meteorological Organisation Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk About Rainbows Answers to commonly asked questions about rainbows. Topics include their formation, the cause of the colours in a rainbow, double rainbows, proverbs, and suggested rainbow experiments. Author: Lynds, Beverly T. Subjects: meteorology DeweyClass: Resource type: document British Atmospheric Data Centre Designed to assist UK atmospheric researchers to locate, access and interpret atmospheric data, the centre provides permanent archives for data sets from Natural Environment Research Council-funded projects. The searchable archive includes data from the Met. Office and information on ozone experiments, stratosphere, mesosphere and troposphere measurements, sea temperatures and forecasting. Author: British Atmospheric Data Centre Subjects: atmospheric science, climatology, meteorology

26. The Ozone Hole Tour : Part II. Recent Ozone Depletion that lead to ozone depletion occur every year, the effect they have on the ozone is altered by the meteorology of the atmosphere above Antarctica. http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html

Centre for Atmospheric Science Tour Home Page Part I ... Part IV Part II: Recent Ozone Loss over Antarctica Why the Antarctic? There are now many measurements and observations of the changes in ozone that occur over Antarctica. Such measurements come from ground based instruments at the Antarctica research stations, from aircraft during scientific missions and from satellites. Ozone loss was first detected in the stratosphere over the Antarctic ( see Part I ). Although mid-latitude and Arctic depletion has also been observed, the loss is most dramatic in the lower stratosphere over the Antarctica continent, where nearly all the ozone is destroyed over an area the size of Antarctica within a layer in the lower stratosphere that's many km thick. Halley Bay, Antarctica The graph to the right shows the measured total ozone above the Halley Bay station in Antarctica. Each point represents the average total ozone for the month of October. Note the sudden change in the curve after about 1975. By 1994, the total ozone in October was less than half its value during the 1970s, 20 years previous. This dramatic fall in ozone was caused by the use of man-made chemicals known as ' halocarbons ' which include the well-known CFCs commonly used in fridges and so on. These CFCs had made their way into the upper atmosphere where the much stronger UV radiation from the Sun had broken them down into their component molecules, releasing the potentially damaging chlorine (and bromine) atoms, which, given the right conditions, could destroy ozone. We'll learn more about the chemistry behind the loss of ozone in Part III of this tour.

27. The Ozone Hole Tour : Part III. The Science Of The Ozone Hole When the ozone hole was detected, it was soon linked to this increase in these chlorine compounds. The Special Features of Polar meteorology http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part3.html

Centre for Atmospheric Science Tour Home Page Part I ... Part IV Part III. The Science of the Ozone Hole Introduction Evidence that human activities affect the ozone layer has been building up over the last 20 years, ever since scientists first suggested that the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere could reduce the amount of ozone over our heads. The breakdown products (chlorine compounds) of these gases were detected in the stratosphere. When the ozone hole was detected, it was soon linked to this increase in these chlorine compounds. The loss of ozone was not restricted to the Antarctic - at around the same time the first firm evidence was produced that there had been an ozone decrease over the heavily populated northern mid-latitudes (30-60N). However, unlike the sudden and near total loss of ozone over Antarctica at certain altitudes, the loss of ozone in mid-latitudes is much less and much slower - only a few percentage per year. However, it is a very worrying trend and one which is the subject of intense scientific research at present. More on this in Part IV of the tour. Many of these findings have since been reinforced by a variety of internationally supported scientific investigations involving satellites, aircraft, balloons and ground stations, and the implications are still being quantified and assessed. More about these international investigations in Part IV.

28. Ozone Variability With Longitude Research study to determine whether stratospheric ozone distribution in the differ from one another in the meteorology which in turn affects ozone http://marine.rutgers.edu/mrs/education/class/vito/vito.html

Longitudinal variability in the Stratospheric Ozone distribution Stratospheric ozone distribution over the Arctic does not exhibit the same simmetric pattern as in the Antarctic. This and other observations led to speculate that there might be a longitudinal effect. ANOVA was used to test this hypotesis No cogent reasons appeared leading to accept it. Imtroduction Methodology Results References Introduction Ozone geographical distribution is the result of complex interactions involving its formation, destruction and transport as well as the meteorology of the stratosphere. For background information about ozone chemistry and distribution follow the link to the stratospheric ozone webpage As can be seen in the example pictures, during the anctartic spring when a "hole" is present, ozone concentartion are fairly simmetric over Antarctica due to the stability and persistance of the anctartic vortex. This stabilty may be partly expalined by the central simmetry of the continent, hogeneously sorrounded by the ocean. In the Arctic, on the other hand, the ocean is sorrounded by land, with the exception ot the notable exception of the North Atlantic-Norwegian sea. Ozone concentration over the Arctic, as a matter of fact, does not in general show a symmetric distribution. The hypotesis formulated for this study is that this may produce a longitudinal distribution, so that areas at different longitudes may experience, over the long term, different average concentrations. In particular, it was speculated that an effect should show up in or around the Norwegian Sea, the area of asimmetry. There is also some evidence in the literature of a possible longitudinal effect [3] since some ground-based stations in the northern hemisphere (e.g. Iceland) have exhibited a tendency to an increased total ozone concentration, contrary to the general trend.

29. CRC For Southern Hemisphere Meteorology The meteorology CRC is one of the principal centres in Australia for research and graduate The Centre s research on ozone is focuessed on developing the http://www.environmentdirectory.com.au/research/crcshm.html

Cooperative Research Centre for Southern Hemisphere Meteorology The Centre was established in July, 1993 under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Program . The centre brings together Monash University , the Bureau of Meteorology , the CSIRO Divisions of Atmospheric Research and Telecommunications and Industrial Physics and Silicon Graphics Pty Ltd/Cray Research in a collaborative program of meteorological research and education. Located at Monash University, the CRC is one of the principal centres in Australia for research and graduate training in the Meteorological Sciences. Our understanding of climate variability and global change comes from many sources: studies of past changes in the atmosphere and climate, data from current observing systems and field experiments, and simulations involving mathematical models. Each contributes to our knowledge of the fundamental processes that control the physical, chemical and biological components of the Earth system. Understanding these processes is essential for improving the predictive models being developed to aid society and to assist policy makers to plan for and minimise global change. Our Centre is contributing to the international research effort to improve the understanding of some of the key processes that govern the current state of the atmosphere and its variability. What is the Meteorology CRC?

30. NPS: Nature & Science» Air Resources Division-Monitoring Gaseous Pollutant meteorology, ozone and sulfur dioxide (for a limited number ozone meteorology, ozone hourly concentrations and meteorology at all http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/Monitoring/network.cfm

Skip to Content National Park Service National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior NPS Advanced Search Search A to Z Air Biology ... Explore Air: Explore Air NPS Air Monitoring Skip to Content Highlights The MONITOR Newsletter Additional Information Air Atlas ARIS Publications Studies Ozone Monitoring Overview Great Basin National Park, Nevada The NPS Air Resources Division operates a network of air quality monitoring stations (sometimes refered to as the Gaseous Pollutant Monitoring Network - GPMN) that measures primarily meteorological parameters and ozone. Sulfur dioxide is measured using continuous analyzers or with filter samplers in a subset of the network. The 1991 NPS Monitoring Strategy contains the monitoring plan that includes long-term "trends sites" and 3-5 year "baseline sites." Many stations are now operated jointly with the EPA CASTNet. The gaseous pollutant monitoring program historically concentrated on determining the levels of two gaseous air pollutants, ozone and sulfur dioxide, which are most toxic to native vegetative species found in NPS units at levels at or below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAAQS). Other gaseous pollutants (e.g., other photochemical oxidants, nitrogen compounds, and toxic organic compounds) are also of interest to the NPS because they relate to physiological, morphological, or historical injury to park biological resources, or to global climate change. Currently, only selected, limited

31. NPS: Nature & Science» Air Resources Division-Monitoring , ozone meteorology Visibility, Deposition (Wet Dry)......Visibility Data ozone meteorology Data Wet Deposition Data Program http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/monitoring/

Skip to Content National Park Service National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior NPS Advanced Search Search A to Z Air Biology ... Explore Air: Explore Air NPS Air Skip to Content Highlights Visibility Data Wet Deposition Data Dry Deposition Data Trends ... Programs Additional Information Air Atlas Monitoring History Ozone Exceedances Web Cameras New! The Air Resources Division recently combined the "Access to Data" page with the "Air Quality Monitoring" pages. If you are looking for data and have been redirected here, data can now be accessed from the new fly-out menu on the left or from links in the Highlights box . Please take a moment to update your bookmarks and we apologize for any confusion. Big Meadows Shenandoah National Park Virginia The National Park Service's comprehensive air quality program encompasses a wide range of activities, many of which are dedicated to measuring levels or effects of air pollution in parks. The NPS Air Resources Division has established an extensive network of air quality monitoring stations to characterize air quality in national parks. The NPS air quality monitoring program has three primary components: visibility, atmospheric deposition, and gaseous pollutant monitoring. In addition, meteorological monitoring is conducted at many locations to aid in the interpretation of measured air pollution levels. Within each monitoring program are various elements addressing special NPS monitoring needs. In most instances, NPS monitoring efforts complement air pollution monitoring efforts conducted by other federal, state, and local agencies.

32. Ozone Depletion-Key Text that models the destruction of ozone by CFCs. (Bureau of meteorology, Australia) In Australia, the Australian Bureau of meteorology and the CSIRO http://www.science.org.au/nova/004/004key.htm

Key text Published by Australian Academy of Science Sponsored by The ozone layer screens out the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Can we reverse its destruction? You will get more from this topic if you have mastered the basics of electromagnetic radiation Printer-friendly version of complete topic A natural balance keeps us well supplied with ozone Up in the stratosphere , small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sunlight on oxygen. At the same time, ozone is being broken down by natural processes. The total amount of ozone usually stays constant because its formation and destruction occur at about the same rate. Human activity has recently changed that natural balance. Certain manufactured substances (such as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons ) can destroy stratospheric ozone much faster than it is formed. Ozone is a natural sunblock Go outside on a fine day and feel the sun warm your face. What happens when a cloud passes over? You’ll notice that the cloud takes away some of the heat and light coming from the sun. In much the same way that a cloud blocks the heat on a hot day, the ozone layer in the stratosphere blocks out the sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays. It acts as our planet’s natural sunblock.

33. Ozone...WEATHER BY GIANNETTA...Giannetta. Charles. WA3RSQ. EL-NINO. Weather. Met WEATHER BY GIANNETTA Giannetta. Charles. WA3RSQ. ELNINO. Weather. meteorology. Hurricanes. Tornadoes. Floods. Clouds. Radar. Forecasting. Thunderstorms. http://www.enter.net/~wxdata/ozone.htm

WEATHER BY GIANNETTA Bath, Pa. "N O T E" * * Ozone" * * Back About 3% of Ozone is in the troposphere. Main causes: automobiles, (CFC's) Hydrocarbons. Sulfur Dioxide. These are causes of the: "Greenhouse Effect". Charles A. Giannetta: Meteorologist Emeritus: Professor: .....Ozone..... "Ozone" a Greek word meaning "Smell". Ozone contains 3 Oxygen atoms (O3). Ozone concentration in the stratosphere normally remains constant, with about 12 Ozone molecules for 1 million air molecules, 12 ppm. There are some fluctuations from volcanic eruptions, seasonal cycle and the Sun's activity. The sun radiates Ultra Violet (UV) rays toward the Earth. These rays take about eight minutes to reach Earth, at a speed of 186,000 miles per second, which is the speed of all radiation which includes the speed of light. 90% of Ozone is located between 6-30 miles above the Earth. In the stratosphere Ozone helps block out harmful Ultra Violet (UV) rays produced by the Sun. If Ozone were not present in the atmosphere, life would not exists on Earth as we know it. Most life would probably exists in the oceans as Ozone does not penetrate deep into the ocean water. In the stratosphere Ozone is beneficial to our health however, Ozone in the troposphere and near the Earth's surface becomes a primary element in pollution a factor in the "Green House Effect", and is harmful to human, animal, plant and marine life.

34. Pollution...WEATHER BY GIANNETTA...Giannetta. Charles. WA3RSQ. EL-NINO. Weather. meteorology. Hurricanes. Tornadoes. Floods. Clouds. Radar. Forecasting. Thunderstorms. Lightning. Atmosphere. 69. ozone ozone Hole . ozone Hole http://www.enter.net/~wxdata/polution.htm

WEATHER BY GIANNETTA Bath, Pa. "N O T E" * * "Ozone" * * Bath, Pa. "Ozone" "Ozone Hole" "Ozone Hole" "Pollution" Chose the graphics you would like to view to inlarge. TOP

35. Meteorology, Chemistry And Boundary Layer Studies The three main meteorology programmes run at Halley are; To measure the ozone we use the Dobson ozone Spectrophotometer (behind us in the photograph http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/BAS_Science/Techniques/Meteorology/

Text Only A to Z Job Vacancies Press releases ... Meteorology Meteorology, chemistry and boundary layer studies Meteorology, Chemistry and Boundary Layer Studies at Halley Introduction Halley has a beautiful position on Earth. It is cold, clean, dry and flat. This makes Halley ideal for many varied and interesting experiments. Of the two science platforms at Halley, one is dedicated to the upper atmosphere and the other to the lower atmosphere, the weather and the ice. These photographs show the team for the winter of 2000, Dan, Alex and Gary and the platform that we work on. Inside the building are computers linked up to the experiments outside, equipment for taking air and water samples, the Dobson Ozone Spectrophotometer (pictured behind us!) and much more. On the roof of our platform is a satellite receiver dish, GPS receivers and a data transmitter. Around the platform are a couple of masts with equipment attached to them, inlet pipes for air samplers and a no-go area for vehicles. Meteorology The three main meteorology programmes run at Halley are;

36. Monitoring Programmes These include meteorology and ozone, undertaken by the Meteorological and ozone Monitoring Unit. The latter data series at Halley was the key to the finding http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/About_BAS/Cambridge/Divisions/PSD/psd_momu.html

Text Only A to Z Job Vacancies Press releases ... Contact BAS other links: Meteorological and Ozone Monitoring Unit www.antarctica.ac.uk About BAS Cambridge ... PSD Monitoring programmes The long term ionospheric measurements have shown that the peak height of the ionosphere has fallen by about 20 km in the last 40 years. A 25 year data set of very low frequency radio wave measurements from Halley have been used as a sensitive indicator of lightning occurrence in the tropical regions. These data suggest that there has been no significant change. MOMU Highlights New insights into the recovery of the ozone layer expected from the provisions of the Montreal Protocol Ozone loss in the troposphere due to bromine compounds The ozone hole and volcanic eruptions top

37. Adjusting Ozone Trends For Meteorology In MCMA 26Mar-03 ADJUSTING ozone TRENDS FOR meteorology IN MCMA. http://eaps.mit.edu/megacities/workshops/workshop200201/html/breakout_a/cicero.h

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38. An Ozone Climatology: Relationship Between Meteorology And Ozone In The Southeas Inderscience Publishers publishers of distinguished academic, scientific and professional journals. http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=6855&prevQuery

39. NCDC: * National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) * World Data Center(WDC) for meteorology, Asheville is one component of a global ozone. Publications of ozone Data for the World published by the http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/wmo/wdcamet.html

DOC NOAA NESDIS NCDC Search Field: Current Events Latest News About NCDC In the Spotlight What's New ... Help/FAQ Purchase Most Popular Subscriptions Order Status Online Store Climate Info. Research Monitoring Extremes Global Hazards World Data Center for Meteorology Introduction Data Exchange Policy Facilities Climatic Research Support ... Available Datasets Welcome to the WMO Page Please hover your mouse over the links to the upper left, or simply scroll down the page to select and view more content from this area of the NCDC website. This is the first in a series of steps we're taking to improve our site. Should you have something specific to look for, submit a search in the golden search bar above. Introduction World Data Center(WDC) for Meteorology, Asheville is one component of a global network of discipline subcenters that facilitate international exchange of scientific data. Originally established during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957, the World Data Center System now functions under the guidance of the International Council of Scientific Unions ( ICSU The WDC for Meteorology, Asheville is maintained by the

40. SEMCOG Ozone Action Meteorology meteorology These meteorologists generously contribute their time, energy, and knowhow In discussions about weather and ground-level ozone formation, http://www.semcog.org/Services/OzoneAction/Meteorology.htm

home services ozone action meteorology Fast Facts FAQs Real time visibility pictures from Detroit Riverfront Towers Air monitor map ... Meteorology Ozone Action! Meteorology These meteorologists generously contribute their time, energy, and know-how to the Ozone Action program: Neal Conatser Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Jim Haywood Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Stephanie Hengesbach Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Dennis Kahlbaum AIR, Inc. Brian Leahy Horizon Environmental Mike Lebeis DTE Energy George Wolff General Motors Ozone Action Day Forecasting In discussions about weather and ground-level ozone formation, the Clean Air Coalition of Southeast Michigan typically identifies the following conditions as conducive to high levels of ozone in the air we breathe: high temperatures, usually mid-80s or above, limited cloud cover, and low winds. These conditions create the potential for excessive ozone levels. Science tells us that each of the factors contributes to ozone formation individually and in varying degrees. History helps us learn how they contribute in various combinations. The Clean Air Coalition forecasting team is staffed by meteorologists from the State of Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; AIR Inc; Horizon Environmental; DTE Energy; and General Motors.

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