81. AstraZeneca Corporate Responsibility - Climate Change - Ozone Depletion ozone depletion has been recognised as a key environmental issue over recentdecades. Substances with ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) are generally very http://www.astrazeneca.com/Article/11139.aspx

Skip to content Home Media Investors ... Climate change Ozone depletion Ozone depletion Ozone depletion has been recognised as a key environmental issue over recent decades. Substances with Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) are generally very stable in the lower part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) and only degrade when they eventually reach the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere). Here, under intense ultraviolet light, they are broken down and release chlorine or bromine atoms. These atoms contribute to reactions that deplete ozone levels in the stratosphere. This is undesirable because ozone acts as a filter for harmful UVB radiation. An increase in UVB reaching the earth’s surface will result in an increase in its harmful effects – skin cancers, cataracts, damage to materials such as plastics and harm to crops and marine animals. Although we have a programme to eliminate their use, we still have residual amounts of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons in fire protection and refrigeration systems. In addition, AstraZeneca currently uses some substances that contribute to ozone depletion, primarily in connection with metered-dose inhalation products prescribed to asthmatics. However, we are working to reduce our use of these materials by substitution and through innovative new product designs that do not require propellant gasses. This is why it is included as one of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the environmental section of our Priority Action Plan CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs

82. NCDENR - Division Of Air Quality - Ozone Forecast Center NC Department of environment and Natural Resources Triad ozone Forecastcourtesy of Forsyth County environmental Affairs Department http://daq.state.nc.us/Ozone/

Home Events Calendar Staff Directory Contact ... Asheville Ridge Tops Saturday AQI = 54 Ozone Sunday AQI = 59 Ozone Asheville Valleys Saturday AQI = 51 Ozone Sunday AQI = 51 Ozone Hickory Saturday AQI = 59 Ozone Sunday AQI = 61 Ozone Charlotte Saturday AQI = 66 Ozone Sunday AQI = 64 Ozone Triangle Saturday AQI = 56 Ozone Sunday AQI = 47 Ozone Fayetteville Saturday AQI = 50 Ozone Sunday AQI = 45 Ozone Rocky Mount Saturday AQI = 45 Ozone Sunday AQI = 45 Ozone Triad Triad Ozone Forecast courtesy of Forsyth County Environmental Affairs Department Last Modified: 03:03 PM Saturday, 09/24/2005 Particle Pollution Forecasts are available for many regions of North Carolina Forecast Discussion Printable Forecast Flyers Morning Edition Frequently Asked Questions ... Weekend Outlook Ozone Forecasts may also be heard by dialing Email us Top of Page North Carolina Division of Air Quality - 1641 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC 27699-1641 - (919) 733-3340

83. Environmental Science & Monitoring - Dept. Of Environment And Conservation ozone Dispersion The ozone layer is a thin protective layer located in the ozone which produces smog, stratospheric ozone protects the environment and http://www.gov.nl.ca/env/Env/PollPrev/Ozone_dept_env.asp

Ozone Layer Protection Program The ozone layer is a thin protective layer located in the stratosphere approximately 25-35 km from the Earth’s surface. Unlike the ‘bad’ ground-level ozone which produces smog, stratospheric ozone protects the environment and human health by filtering out damaging UV-B radiation which causes skin cancer, eye cataracts, weakening of the immune system, crop damage and inhibited plant and plankton growth. The substances that deplete the ozone layer are cluorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs) and halons which are mainly used in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and fire extinguishing sectors. As one of the early signatories to the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Canada has consistently met or exceeded its obligations under the Protocol. In the last decade federal and provincial governments have undertaken various measures including regulations and the establishment of a Federal/Provincial Working Group (FPWG) on Controls Harmonization (ODS) to ensure the protection of the ozone layer. For further information check out Environment Canada’s website at www.ec.gc.ca/ozone

84. GlaxoSmithKline: Environment, Health & Safety - Ozone Depletion About GSK summarizes the mission of GSK and provides users with an overview ofthe organization and biographies of our Board of Directors and Corporate http://www.gsk.com/financial/reps03/EHS03/GSKehs-34.htm

EHS Home About this Report Scope Executive Statements ... Index Ozone Depletion To support the principles of the Montreal Protocol, GlaxoSmithKline embarked on a comprehensive reformulation programme for all our metered dose inhalers (MDIs). The company has also invested heavily in dry powder delivery systems that do not use CFCs. This has been a long and costly process, with total costs estimated at $1 billion. As a result of this work GlaxoSmithKline now offers a selection of alternatives to CFC-containing MDIs in most countries. Along with our work on MDIs, GlaxoSmithKline is also taking significant steps to eliminate ozone depleting impact arising from our processes, products and operations. We have a target to eliminate emissions of chlorofluorocarbon compounds used in refrigeration and air conditioning equipment by the end of 2005. Read about our emissions of ozone depleting substances. GlaxoSmithKline takes the issue of ozone depletion seriously and supports the objectives of the Montreal Protocol. We believe that governments should now take steps to phase out and close the essential use exemption for MDIs. In support of this position we will make no further requests for "essential use" CFC volumes after 2005 and plan to eliminate the use of CFCs from our product portfolio and operations by 2010.

85. GlaxoSmithKline Environment, Health & Safety Report 2002 - Ozone Depletion We are also working to reduce the environmental impact from the manufacture GSK takes the issue of ozone depletion seriously and supports the objectives http://www.gsk.com/financial/reps02/EHS02/GSKehs-30.htm

GSK is taking significant steps to eliminate any ozone depleting impact arising from our processes, products and operations. We have a target to eliminate use of ozone depleting compounds in refrigeration and air conditioning equipment by substituting materials that do not deplete ozone. We are also working to reduce the environmental impact from the manufacture and use of our asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) medications. Asthma medication and the environment Asthma is a chronic and life threatening disease that affects 300 million people around the world. It is a disease of chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction with symptoms such as cough, wheezing and chest tightness. Asthma prevalence is increasing. In developed countries it currently affects 10% of children and 5% of adults. In developing countries like Brazil, Peru and Uruguay the prevalence of asthma is estimated to be between 20 and 30 percent of the population. Asthma and COPD are linked to over 1,700 deaths per year in the UK. Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) are one of the main forms of treatment for asthma. MDIs were first introduced in the 1950s. The MDI is a pocket-sized, hand-held, pressurised multiple dose inhalation system that can deliver a precise dose of medication to the airways when used appropriately. Essential components of an MDI are a canister, the drug substance, a gas to propel the drug into the patient and a device for releasing and directing the dose.

86. Defra, UK - Environmental Protection - Climate Change The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the ozone Layer, first signedin 1987, is a landmark in environmental policymaking because it was designed http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/ozone/strato.htm

Climate Change: Action to Tackle Global Warming Stratospheric Ozone Depletion of the Ozone Layer The Response to the Threat - The Montreal Protocol European Community Regulation Future Action ... Publications See also: Waste and Recycling: Disposal of Waste Refrigeration Equipment Depletion of the Ozone Layer Depletion of the ozone layer is being caused by emissions of man-made chemicals containing chlorine and bromine such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, halons and methyl bromide. These chemicals are used in a wide range of applications. CFCs and HCFCs are used as refrigerants, as solvents and as foam blowing agents. Halons are used as fire suppressants. Methyl bromide is used as a fumigant to destroy pests found in soil, in structures and stored products. The Response to the Threat - The Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer , first signed in 1987, is a landmark in environmental policy-making because it was designed on the basis of scientific evidence, to prevent rather than cure a global problem. The Protocol controls both the production and consumption of the various ozone depleting substances. Shortly after the Protocol was adopted scientists established beyond reasonable doubt that CFCs and Halons, interacting with particular meteorological conditions that prevail over the Antarctic, had contributed to the ozone hole.

87. UK Defra | E-Digest Environment Statistics, Air Quality Production of ozone is affected by the weather, which can lead to ozone and the and Groundlevel ozone 35 Department of the environment, (1997). http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/statistics/airqual/aqozone.htm

Skip navigation Environmental Protection Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Air Quality e-Digest Statistics about: Air Quality e-Digest Front page Whats New Key Facts UK air quality Main pollutants UK Strategy Headline Indicator Monitoring ... Acid deposition Related information Data Tables Figures References Internet Links ... Definitions Ground level ozone (O Ozone can affect human health and can damage plants and crops . Exposure to ozone may cause irritation to the eyes and nose and very high levels can cause damage to the airway lining. At ground level, O occurs naturally but levels can be increased as a result of the presence of other pollutants. As a secondary pollutant, it is formed by a series of reactions between NOx, oxygen and VOCs in the presence of sunlight. There is evidence that near ground level O per annum over the UK. Production of ozone is affected by the weather, which can lead to ozone and the pollutants that cause it being blown over from mainland Europe. O can persist for several days and can be transported long distances. Table 15 shows concentrations and exceedences of O Figure 11 and Figure 12 show trends in exceedences of the objective level for the daily maximum 8 hour running mean at urban and rural sites. Ozone concentrations recorded at urban sites are generally lower than those at rural sites because ozone can be destroyed by reaction with nitric oxide to form nitrogen dioxide, and urban areas tend to have higher levels of nitric oxide than rural areas.

88. Environment | Ozone And Freon Fraud ozone is formed in the atmosphere by a break up on natural oxygen molecules (O2) . They are supported by radical environmental groups with no interest in http://www.sweetliberty.org/issues/environment/ozonefreon_fraud.htm

Home Issues Perspective Audio ... Contact Environment Ozone and Freon Fraud by W. Ed Parker (KENTUCKY) There is solid information that ECO-EXTREMISTS, CORPORATE CEOS, GOVERNMENT ENVIROCRATS, and MEDIA MOGULS form a loose coalition to promote radical, costly, self serving goals, and to mislead and confuse the people at large about environmental problems. Further, many so called scientists, who live from direct or indirect U.S. tax funds, ape these extremist views for personal gain. For example, Federal Government Agencies have prepared, including color coded maps, plans to establish BIO-DIVERSITY STRATEGY for all American land and people. This plan will, if implemented, establish "HABITATS" for all our people; except for the ELITE. In some areas of Kentucky, such as Jefferson County, citizens are forced to have annual auto emissions tests because of EPA regulations. The EPA and local regulators use slight of hand data by sounding local alarms whenever Ozone levels, as measured by them, reach the mid-point of their scale. Their recorded readings have not reached the upper level of their scale at least as far back as 1980. Further, there is not scientific data to support their claimed danger if the upper scale is reached. Everyone knows when it is hot and or humid, just by going outside their homes or work places. In a recent article in the Kentucky Journal of Commerce and Industry, 8/8/98 "EPA LIED", it was pointed out the EPA had "cherry picked" data on secondhand tobacco smoke as a cause of cancer; and no data existed to support EPA claims in this (tobacco) area.

89. Smog And Particulates: Pollutant Descriptions These pollutants can injure health, harm the environment and cause property damage . ozone (formed from precursor Volatile Organic Compounds) http://www.scorecard.org/env-releases/cap/pollutant-desc.tcl

POLLUTION LOCATOR Smog and Particulates Criteria Air Pollutant Descriptions Criteria air pollutants are common throughout the United States. These pollutants can injure health, harm the environment and cause property damage. U.S. EPA has identified six criteria pollutants: Carbon Monoxide Lead Nitrogen Dioxide (one of several Nitrogen Oxides Ozone (formed from precursor Volatile Organic Compounds Particulate Matter Sulfur Dioxide EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for each criteria pollutant, which define the maximum legally allowable concentration. If the NAAQS for a pollutant is exceeded, adverse effects on human health may occur. EPA and state agencies monitor area quality to assess compliance with these standards. Areas of the country where air pollution levels persistently exceed the standards may be designated by the U.S. EPA as nonattainment areas CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless and poisonous gas produced by incomplete burning of carbon in fuels. When CO enters the bloodstream, it reduces the delivery of oxygen to the body's organs and tissues. Health threats are most serious for those who suffer from cardiovascular disease. Exposure to elevated CO levels can cause impairment of visual perception, manual dexterity, learning ability and performance of complex tasks. 77% of the nationwide CO emissions are from transportation sources. The largest emissions contribution comes from highway motor vehicles. Thus, the focus of CO monitoring has been at traffic-oriented sites in urban areas where the main source of CO is motor vehicle exhaust. Other major CO sources are wood-burning stoves, incinerators and industrial sources.

90. ASK-A-SCIENTIST Archive - Environment / Earth Science CFC s and ozone Air conditioning and the environment Fluorocarbons andthe ozone Freon substitution ozone layer and Earth s magnetic field http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/env98.htm

Argonne National Laboratory Division of Educational Programs Ask-A-Scientist Archive ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCE TOPICS November 1991- Current Argonne National Laboratory Division of Educational Programs Table of Contents Careers In Environmental Science Teaching Environmental Issues Recycling Codes Recycling Plastics ... Back to NEWTON Homepage Last Update 8/28/2005

91. Ozone Layer Protection: Nova Scotia Environment And Labour, Air Nova Scotia environment and Labour is working to improve air quality, protectthe ozone layer and reduce air pollution in the province. http://www.gov.ns.ca/enla/air/ozonelayer.asp

Skip over navigation Air, Land, Water Govt Home NSEL Air, Land, Water Air ... The Department Ozone Layer Protection Nova Scotians, like all humans, benefit from a protective layer of ozone , located in the Earth's upper atmosphere. The stratospheric ozone layer blocks harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, acting like a natural sunscreen for planet Earth. Over the past fifty years, certain chemicals created and released by humans have damaged the ozone layer, which has reduced the amount of protection from harmful UV that it provides to us. The ozone layer has been thinned most at the earth's poles, especially over Antarctica. But Nova Scotia is also negatively affected by a thinner ozone layer and increased UV radiation. Why are we concerned? The increase in UV radiation that results from a damaged ozone layer has harmful effects on human health, the environment, and the economy. Higher UV causes more cases of skin cancer and eye cataracts in people, and weakens people's immune systems. It damages crops and other plants, and causes serious harm to the organisms at the base of food chains in lakes and oceans. It also causes damage to synthetic building materials, like plastics. Many of the impacts of increased UV radiation will only be fully understood in the future. This is because of complex interactions with other changes in the environment brought about by human activities, such as smog, climate change, and acid rain.

92. Regulations - Environment - Ozone Layer Protection or not an ozonedepleting substance is being released to the environment;.(l) ozone means the allotropic form of oxygen containing three atoms in the http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/regs/env5495.htm

This consolidation is unofficial and is for reference only. For the official version of the regulations, consult the original documents on file with the Registry of Regulations , or refer to the Royal Gazette Part II Regulations are amended frequently. Please check the list of Regulations by Act to see if there are any recent amendments to these regulations filed with the Registry that are not yet included in this consolidation. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this electronic version, the Registry of Regulations assumes no responsibility for any discrepancies that may have resulted from reformatting. This electronic version is for your personal use and may not be copied for the purposes of resale in this or any other form. Ozone Layer Protection Regulations made under Section 112 of the Environment Act S.N.S. 1994-95, c. 1 Order in Council 95-293 (April 11, 1995), N.S. Reg. 54/95 Citation These regulations may be cited as the "Ozone Layer Protection Regulations". Definitions In these regulations (a) "Act" means the Environment Act;

93. EIA - Error Life on Earth depends on the fragile ozone layer to screen out harmful In the mid1980s scientists first observed a hole’ in this ozone layer over the http://www.eia-international.org/campaigns3.shtml

document.write (sa[rand(G_total_sa)]); WHAT'S NEW Press Release: 23 Sep 05 Massive increase in tiger skin trading puts added pressure on already threatened species Announcement: 17 Sep 05 Night of the Tiger Fundraising Event Press Release: 16 Sep 05 Environmentalists Call on European Countries to Stop Producing Ozone-Destroying Chemicals as Ozone Hole Approaches Record Size Announcement: 19 Aug 05 October 8th - Worldwide protest against Japan's dolphin slaughter SORRY, FILE NOT FOUND Either you have entered the web address for this page incorrectly or have followed a broken link. If you followed a link from within the EIA website please accept our apologies (you can contact us at info@eia-international.org to let us know about the problem). Otherwise, please use the menu options on this page to explore our site. advanced search MAILING LIST To receive news and campaign updates direct to your inbox simply enter your email address below. We won't share your email address with anyone else and you can unsubscribe at any time. EIA UK 62/63 Upper Street London N1 0NY United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7354 7960 Fax: +44 (0)20 7354 7961 ukinfo@eia-international.org

94. Ozone Cell, Ministry Of Environment & Forests, Government Of India envfor.nic.in MoEF is a nodal agency in the administrative structure of theCentral Government, for the planning, promotion and co-ordination of http://envfor.nic.in/oc/oc.html

Ozone Cell Web-site: http://www.ozonecell.com ESR Report of CTC [ html pdf ], and [ word The Montreal Protocol : India's Success Story The depletion of the ozone layer is one of the most serious environmental issue issues facing us today. It may ultimately be responsible for many millions of cases of skin cancer worldwide and may significantly affect agricultural production. Nevertheless, it is also an issue on which we may take heart, because it has brought the international community closer together in the search for practical solutions to a common threat. The thrust areas of Ozone Cell Directorate are as follows: International negotiations relating to policy decision by the conference of parties and those relating to implementation by the Executive Committee. Policy initiatives by the Govt. to encourage ODS phase out. Preparation and implementation ODS phase out projects by individual enterprises. In order to achieve the target on the above thrust areas Ozone Cell Directorate is organizing the activities as given below. Preparation, implementation and monitor ODS phase out projects.

95. UCSB Libraries - Environmental Sciences Data and resources about ozone and human health impacts of ultraviolet exposure.Stratospheric ozone From environment Canada (Pacific and Yukon Region), http://www.library.ucsb.edu/subjects/envi/environ.html

You are here: Home Research Help by Subject Research in Environmental Sciences ... Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences Contents: Indexes, Directories, and General Information Air Quality Energy Environmental Careers ... Wilderness UCSB Library Reference Guides: Beach Erosion in the Santa Barbara Area Endangered Species Environmental Careers Guide Environmental Resources for the Santa Barbara Region ... Environmental Studies Program, UCSB from Earth Gate: Whole-Earth Science at UCSB Environmental Sciences Departments and Programs from Yahoo Environmental Studies Departments and Programs from Yahoo Universities from The Amazing Environmental Organization Web Directory! Top of Page Indexes, Directories, and General Information Indexes to Environmental Resources. Access to the indexes with an asterisk (*) is available from the "ucsb.edu" domain or from the UCSB proxy server ; the others are freely available to the public. DOE Information Bridge Search the U.S. Dept. of Energy's scientific and technical research reports in the sciences including biology, environmental sciences, physics, energy, and other topics. Environmental Policy Index Index to articles from 1,000 scientific, technical, and popular journals, covering environmental policy issues.

96. Environmental Matters: New Controls On Ozone Depleting Substances This Guide provides details of how the EC Regulation 2037/2000 on ozone depletingsubstances Department of environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) http://www.dti.gov.uk/access/ozone.htm

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97. Environmental Consulting | Global Climate Change And Stratospheric Ozone Protect Global Climate Change Stratospheric ozone Protection Analyses Air QualityManagement Environmental Products and Services for the Energy Industry http://www.icfconsulting.com/Markets/Environment/enviro1.asp

awmSelectedItem=2 Contact Us Perspectives on Environment Air Quality Management Water Resources ... Send to a Friend breadCrumbs("www.icfconsulting.com",">","default.asp","trail","trail","trail","0"); Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are inducing global changes in our natural environment. As the climate change debate and private sector market solutions evolve, ICF Consulting continues to offer its clients around the globe unparalleled analytical, policy, and business management services. Since 1987, ICF Consulting has been at the forefront of preparing leading-edge climate change technical and policy analyses, identifying viable market solutions, and building real-world management tools. IN THE NEWS Government of Ireland Announces First Phase of GHG Emissions Reduction Strategy Learn more about: Summary and Final Report: "Determining the Share of National Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Emissions Trading in Ireland"

98. Eco Earth: Air/Ozone Layer The environmental Sustainability.Info Source ozone Secretariat, The UnitedNations environment Programme secretariat for the Vienna Convention for http://www.environmentalsustainability.info/Air/Ozone_Layer/

Eco-Portal - The Environmental Sustainability.Info Source Home Air : Ozone Layer the entire directory only this category More search options Links: Beyond Discovery, The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon - the National Academies of Science presents an overview of the ozone depletion issue (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 1654 Rating: 6.25 Votes: 4 ) Rate It Environmental effects of ozone depletionUNEP - a report from the United Nations Environment Programme Assessment Panel on the Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion that covers the various implications of ozone loss (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 802 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 1 ) Rate It Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (Added: Sun Mar 17 2002 Hits: 271 Rating: 1.00 Votes: 2 ) Rate It British Antarctic Survey Ozone - gives information about the ozone hole at Halley, Rothera and Vernadsky/Faraday stations (Added: Wed Jan 03 2001 Hits: 302 Rating: 0.00 Votes: ) Rate It Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment - undertakes policy-relevant research on global environmental problems (Added: Sun Mar 17 2002 Hits: 157 Rating: 0.00 Votes: )

99. Www.environment.fi - Protecting The Ozone Layer Related topics. State of the environment. ozone depletion. Related links.International agreements. Vienna Convention (UNEP). Montreal Protocol (UNEP) http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?node=6040&lan=en

100. Www.environment.fi - Ozone Depletion www.environment.fi State of the environment ozone depletion RELATED TOPICS.environmental protection. Protecting the ozone layer. RELATED LINKS http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?node=6023&lan=en

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