61. Ozone Depletion Lessens Over Northern Hemisphere CNN http://cnn.com/2001/TECH/science/04/24/environment.ozone.reut/index.html

62. CNN.com - Agency: Illicit Trade In CFCs On The Rise - Nov. 10, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/11/10/environment.ozone.reut/index.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Autos SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters Your E-mail Alerts RSS ... Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Agency: Illicit trade in CFCs on the rise Story Tools YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Follow the news that matters to you. Create your own alert to be notified on topics you're interested in. Or, visit Popular Alerts for suggestions. Manage alerts What is this? NAIROBI, Kenya (Reuters) Illegal trade in ozone-depleting substances (ODS) is rising as the deadline for zero production and consumption of such chemicals draws closer, a London-based lobby group said on Monday. The Environment Investigation Agency (EIA) released a report at the United Nations Environmental Programme headquarters in Nairobi showing trends in global chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) smuggling and the need for faster phase out under the Montreal Protocol. The protocol requires signatory states to phase out the use of some 95 chemicals blamed for damaging the ozone layer, a stratum of the atmosphere that protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation, which can cause skin cancer. But some countries, especially developing nations, have not yet complied with the protocol, which commits them to phasing out CFCs often used in refrigerators and other chemicals by certain dates.

63. Ozone.com -- Environment | Technology | Balance -- Earth-Friendly Technology, In ozone.com environment Technology Balance . EarthFriendly Technology;Real-World Solutions for Improving Our environment. More Coming soon http://www.ozone.com/

Ozone.com Earth-Friendly Technology Real-World Solutions for Improving Our Environment More Coming soon... Check out the latest headlines from TreeHugger.com [ headlines as of Saturday, September 24, 2005 - 5:54PM ] Creating Electricity With Exhaust Gas A British group named Foresight Vehicle has created a device called TIGERS (Turbo-generator Integrated Gas Energy Recovery System). It uses the exhaust gas from a car's combustion engine to produce electricity, enough to power the vehicle's electrical system, thus taking... Hybrid Car Comes In Handy to Escape Rita The Houston Chronicle has created a Rita blog to track hurricane stories. One of the posts is titled: "Why you want a hybrid" and can be read here. I'm sure most people have seen the unending lines of cars stuck... Fat Tire Bike Toursand Segway Tours Summer's winding down and you're looking back on fond memories of great vacation adventures. But you can't rest on your laurels. You've set a standard to be beaten in your next get-away, and admit it: you are a bit... Tide Coldwater Detergent For those of us who wash clothes in cold water to save energy, to save on electricity bills, or because our labels tell us to, Tide has formulated a coldwater laundry detergent that they claim washes clothes better than...

64. North American Research Strategy For Tropospheric Ozone Fact sheet (1997) about joint governmental effort to understand groundlevel ozone. http://clinton3.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/Environment/html/fac_trop_oz.html

NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES FACT SHEET NORTH AMERICAN RESEARCH STRATEGY FOR TROPOSPHERIC OZONE RESEARCH INITIATIVE Activities under the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) The NSTC's Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) identified ground-level ozone as an initiative in 1995. A signing ceremony for the charter of the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) was held at the White House in February of that year. The establishment of NARSTO is a direct response to the identification by the National Research Council (NRC) of the need for a better fundamental understanding of urban and regional ozone and its call for a coordinated national program. In addition to coordinating funding for field research, NARSTO is currently preparing a State-of-Science Assessment that will comprehensively review advances in the chemical, physical, and meteorological science of tropospheric ozone. Throughout 1997, seventeen critical review papers will be prepared by experts in the relevant research areas. These will be presented at a NARSTO Science Symposium to be held in November 1997 and will also appear in a special issue of an air quality scientific journal. The Assessment Report, which will synthesize the review papers, is scheduled for completion by the end of December 1998. It will address how recent scientific progress can be used to develop improved options for ozone management. U. S. Federal agencies participating in NARSTO include the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Energy (Office of Energy Research), the Interior, and Transportation, as well as independent agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority.

65. State Of Environment In Norway: Ozone Layer State Five per cent of the ozone layer lost since 1969 UNEP (United NationsEnvironmental Programme) estimates that without the Montreal Protocol, http://www.environment.no/templates/themepage____2144.aspx

ABOUT SOE NORWAY CONTACT US PICTURES NORWEGIAN A-Z directory Air pollution Hazardous chemicals Polar regions ... Data and statistics Climate and ozone Ozone layer Climate and ozone Ozone layer Ozone depleting potential 1.State: ... The Montreal Protocol controls the global emissions of ozone depleting substances The ozone layer is still being depleted, but recent measurements suggest that concentrations of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere have peaked and begun to drop. Consumption of these substances is dropping rapidly in Norway and in the world as a whole, and concentrations in the atmosphere are expected to be back to the 1980 level by 2050. The ozone layer is expected to recover significantly by 2050, however the greenhouse effect may slow down this process. 1.State 2.Impact 3.Driving forces 4.Pressure ... 5.Response Five per cent of the ozone layer lost since 1969 The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere, 15-35 km above the surface of the earth. Ninety per cent of the ozone (O3) present in the atmosphere is concentrated here. Ozone is continually generated and broken down through natural processes in the stratosphere. Anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting substances have disturbed the balance in the stratosphere. Measurements have shown a decline in global stratospheric ozone levels over the last 20 years. Since 1969, the global average loss of ozone has been 5 per cent at middle-latitudes. Ozone-depletion of up to 10 per cent during winter and spring and up to 5 per cent in summer and autumn has been recorded over Europe, North America and Australia. If we ignore the effect of other factors that influence the ozone layer, such as climate change and volcanic eruptions, it seems probable that the ozone layer is now at its thinnest.

66. State Of Environment In Norway: Climate And Ozone State of the environment Norway Depletion of the ozone layer allows largerdoses of harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the surface of the http://www.environment.no/templates/PageWithRightListing____2142.aspx

ABOUT SOE NORWAY CONTACT US PICTURES NORWEGIAN A-Z directory Air pollution Hazardous chemicals Polar regions ... Data and statistics Climate and ozone Climate and ozone Climate Ozone layer International agreements ... Data and statistics The Kyoto Protocol: reducing greenhouse gas emissions The earth's climate has become noticeable warmer during the past hundred years. Unless emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced, we risk major climate change and serious environmental problems in the future. Many industrial countries, amongst them Norway, have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, agreeing to reduce their overall greenhouse gas emissions. Norway has committed to stabilising emissions at 1 per cent above the 1990 emission level. The norwegian greenhouse gas emissions rose by 6 per cent from 1990 to 2002. Without new measures the emissions are expected to increase by 22 per cent during the period 1990 - 2010. Included in this figure are the emissions from two planned gas-fired power plants. Thinning of the ozone layer During the past 20 years, man-made chemicals have reduced the amount of ozone in the stratospheric ozone layer. Depletion of the ozone layer allows larger doses of harmful ultra-violet (UV) radiation to reach the surface of the earth and increases the risk of skin cancer and infectious diseases. More than 160 countries have signed the 1987 Montreal Protocol, in which they agreed to phase out the use of substances that deplete the ozone layer. If all these countries achieve their targets, the ozone layer will probably return to normal by about 2050.

67. Stratospheric Ozone - L’ozone Stratosphérique This environment Canada site deals with issues, programs and other aspects having to do with stratospheric ozone. http://www.ec.gc.ca/ozone/

Important Notices Avis importants Important Notices Avis importants

68. Welcome To Öko-Recherche Analyses of material flows of chemicals in the environment, including chemicals damaging the ozone layer. http://www.oekorecherche.de/english.html

69. NASA - Ozone Levels Drop When Hurricanes Are Strengthening They studied ozone levels in 12 hurricanes and looked at total ozone levels, As such, when Zou and Wu added the satellite observed ozone levels around http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/ozone_drop.html

The nasa.gov site requires that JavaScripts be enabled in your browser. For instructions, click here + Text Only Site + Contact NASA + Home preLoad('/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_features,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_everydaylife,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_lookingatearth,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_environment,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_technologies,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_livingthings,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_improvingflight'); Choose another category: + Humans in Space + Exploring the Universe Ozone Levels Drop When Hurricanes Are Strengthening Scientists are continually exploring different aspects of hurricanes to increase the understanding of how they behave. Recently, NASA-funded scientists from Florida State University looked at ozone around hurricanes and found that ozone levels drop as a hurricane is intensifying. Image to right: Hurricane Erin Nears the U.S. On September 11, 2001, Hurricane Erin was making her way northward in the Atlantic Ocean. In this MODIS image, the storm stretches from the latitudes of Virginia in the south, past Massachusetts's boot-shaped Cape Cod, and on up to Maine. Coastal areas along the eastern seaboard have been affected by large swells produced by the storm. Credit: NASA/GSFC, MODIS Rapid Response Team In a recent study, Xiaolei Zou and Yonghui Wu, researchers at Florida State University found that variations of ozone levels from the surface to the upper atmosphere are closely related to the formation, intensification and movement of a hurricane.

70. NASA - NASA Eyes Effects Of A Giant 'Brown Cloud' Worldwide ozone is a triplethreat player in the global environment. This form of oxygencan be good, bad or ugly. There are three very different ways that ozone http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/brown_cloud.html

The nasa.gov site requires that JavaScripts be enabled in your browser. For instructions, click here + Text Only Site + Contact NASA + Home preLoad('/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_features,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_everydaylife,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_lookingatearth,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_environment,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_technologies,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_livingthings,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/earth/nav_left_improvingflight'); Choose another category: + Humans in Space + Exploring the Universe NASA Eyes Effects of a Giant 'Brown Cloud' Worldwide NASA scientists recently announced that a giant, smoggy atmospheric "brown cloud" that forms over South Asia and Indian Ocean has intercontinental reach, and has effects around the world. Image/animation above: A dense blanket of polluted air hovers over central eastern China. The 'Giant Brown Cloud' is an unhealthy mix of ozone, smoke, and other particles from human activities. Click on image to view animation. Credit: NASA/ORBIMAGE The word "smog" was coined by blending the terms "smoke" and "fog." However, today smog means air pollution. Smog is a mix of particles and unhealthy gases including ozone that linger in the lower atmosphere, or the troposphere.

71. Atmosphere - Ozone Depletion environment Australia is responsible for coordinating national ozone protection ozone Protection South Australian environment Protection Authority http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/reporting/atmosphere/ozone.html

Adelaide's Current Air Quality Air Quality Climate Change Ozone Depletion ... Explanation of Key Concepts What is the Situation? Stratospheric Ozone Concentrations Concentration of Ozone-Depleting Substances in the Atmosphere Ultraviolet Radiation Levels at the Surface What Impact Does Ozone Depletion Have? ... Links Ozone Depletion Trends Concentration of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere above Australia: DECREASING Predictions indicate that signs of ozone layer recovery will start to be noticed over southern Australia in the next ten to fifteen years. Complete recovery of ozone could possibly be observed by 2050, however this may take until 2100 due to the impact of climate change and larger than anticipated use of ozone-depleting substances in developing countries. Findings from the 2003 State of the Environment Report Making Progress Australia is either on target or ahead of schedule for the phasing out of all ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol.

72. The Environmental Literacy Council - Ozone Ecosystems Energy Food environment Society Ground Level ozone Layer ozone Layer Labs and Activities Data and Maps http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/74.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Ozone The primary component of photochemical smog is ozone. Ozone (O ) is not emitted directly into the air. It is formed through a complex series of reactions from nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds, and sunlight during periods when temperatures are elevated. Ground-level ozone levels increase in the spring and summer when there is more sunlight and temperatures are higher. Formation of ozone is lowest in the morning and highest in the late afternoon when sunlight intensity and temperature peak. Ozone breaks down quickly when the sun goes down, and does not accumulate from day to day. This is why, on Ozone Action Days (see below), public officials often request that certain activities, such as filling a gas tank, be postponed until after sundown. Issues concerning ozone near the surface of the earth (ground-level, or tropospheric ozone) should not be confused with those concerning ozone in the upper level of the atmosphere, the stratospheric ozone layer. At the ground-level, ozone is considered a pollutant, and can cause damage to human respiratory systems, plant life and man-made materials such as plastic and rubber. The stratospheric ozone is a layer of gas that begins about 10 miles above the surface of the earth. The stratospheric ozone layer surrounds and protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays. The science education site Why? Files

73. Nearctica - Geophysics - Global Change - Ozone Depletion environment Canada. An introduction to ozone depletion with chapters on the basic Stratospheric ozone. environment Canada. Information on environment http://www.nearctica.com/geology/global/ozone.htm

Global Change - Ozone Depletion Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Return to Geophysics Main Page About 90 percent of the earth's ozone molecules are concentrated in a layer of the stratosphere called the "Ozone Layer". Stratospheric ozone is a naturally occurring gas that filters the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A depleted ozone layer allows more radiation to reach the Earth's surface. Among other problems overexposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, and a weakened immune systems in humans. Increased UV can also lead to reduced crop yields and disruptions in the marine food chain. Ozone depletion is caused by the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS), which were used widely as refrigerants, insulating foams, and solvents. Although CFCs are heavier than air, they are eventually carried into the stratosphere in a process that can take as long as 2 to 5 years. When CFCs reach the stratosphere, the ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes them to break apart and release chlorine atoms which react with ozone, starting chemical cycles of ozone destruction, and depleting the ozone layer. One chlorine atom can disassociate more than 100,000 ozone molecules.

74. Ozone Alerts National Institute of environmental Health Sciences NIEHS. ozone ALERTS.ozone problems and our environment. Here at Ground Level, Too Much ozone Gas http://www.niehs.nih.gov/oc/factsheets/ozone/home.htm

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - NIEHS Here at Ground Level, Too Much Ozone Gas Accumulates - but in the Stratosphere, the Ozone Layer has Holes... Like Sunglasses with a Badly Cracked Lens. Home Kingsley Crumbles, a case history What Ozone Is How it Hurts You ... Text Version NIEHS/NIH Publication #99-4671 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIEHS is found on the Internet at www.niehs.nih.gov National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Factsheets and Pamphlets ... Environmental Health Info NIEHS Contact: WebCenter (webcenter@niehs.nih.gov) Credits and Tools Search NIEHS ... Home

75. Ministry Of The Environment -- OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES The official web site of the Ministry of the environment of the Province ofOntario, Canada. http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/Ozone/links.htm

central site feedback search site map ... CONTACT US Printer-friendly version Location: Ministry Home OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODS) LINKS Ontario Ministry of the Environment: Official web site of the Ministry of the Environment. Includes information on ozone regulations, an ozone primer, information about what is happening across Canada along with detailed reports about the federal response to ozone depletion. The Green Lane UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) Ozone Action Program information on ozone issues in the international context.  UNEP's Ozone Action Program fulfils that mandate by providing industry, government and other stakeholders in developing countries with information exchange services (including this web site), training and networking of ODS officers.  In addition to these core clearinghouse services, the program also provides assistance with programs in individual countries and "institutional strengthening" projects. United States Environmental Protection Agency: Ozone Depletion home page This web site contains information about the science of ozone depletion, regulations in the U.S. designed to protect the ozone layer, information on methyl bromide, flyers about the UV index, information for the general public and other topics. Global Climate Change Welcome to the official web site for information, data, and images ENom the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) instruments.

76. Air - Ontario Ministry Of The Environment Climate Change – Stratospheric ozone Depletion The Ministry of the Environmentapprovals program has been designed to ensure that all undertakings http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/air.htm

central site feedback search site map ... CONTACT US Printer-friendly version Location: Ministry Home Air MOE Local Air Quality MOE sets air standards for a large number of air toxics, and deals with individual industrial emitters on a facility-by-facility basis. Resources Ontario's Plan for Clean Air Setting Air Quality Standards in Ontario The Environmental SWAT Team 24-Hour Public Pollution Hotline Current Information: AQI ) / Smog Forecast Environmental Compliance Reports Regional Air Quality Resources Transboundary Air Pollution in Ontario Smog and Your Health Ontario's Plan for Clean Air CAPI ... Guide to Environmental Assessment Requirements for Electricity Projects (March 2001) [PDF] Mandatory Air Emissions Monitoring and Reporting [PDF] Fact Sheet: Preliminary Air Quality Assessment at the Windsor Ambassador Bridge [PDF] Current Information: Global Air Quality Global air quality issues present a particular challenge. For issues such as climate change, hazardous air pollutants or the depletion of the protective stratospheric ozone layer (as opposed to ozone at ground level, which causes smog), the pollutants are global. Since the ministry has no jurisdiction to regulate emission sources outside Ontario, innovative emissions reduction approaches are necessary and must be co-ordinated with international treaties and plans.

77. Environment On-Line the protection afforded by the ozone layer over the past billion years.But over the past half century, humans have placed the ozone layer in jeopardy. http://solstice.crest.org/environment/eol/ozone/ozone.html

Ozone Depletion Life as we know it is possible in part because of the protection afforded by the ozone layer over the past billion years. But over the past half century, humans have placed the ozone layer in jeopardy. We have unwittingly polluted the air with chemicals that threaten to eat away the life-protecting shield surrounding the world. (page 1 of 12) Christopher Gronbeck - October 25, 1994 Please address comments and questions to: www-content@solstice.crest.org

78. Crystal Air;air Purifier:air Cleaner, Indoor Air Purifier, Ozone Air Purifier, E ozone rids any environment of the effects of smoke completely, rather than merelyfiltering out some of the visible particles like an electronic air http://www.ozone.ca/ozone_info/ozone_q&a.htm

Supplying high quality ozone generators since 1993 ^ Click to verify ^ ^ Click to verify ^ Home View Cart Contact info FAQ ... Ozone water purification site Local Time @ Crystal Air Products Price List Warranty Sizing/Application ... Email Join our mailing list and receive information on new products and specials CLICK HERE Dealer Inquiries Dealer login Questions and Answers About Ozone generators QUESTION: WHAT IS OZONE? ANSWER: QUESTION: I HAVE NOTICED THAT SOME WEB SITES CLAIM THAT THE OZONE GENERATORS THEY SELL DO NOT PRODUCE NITROGEN OXIDE, DO YOURS? ANSWER: Do not believe claims about corona discharge ozone generators that claim "zero" or "no nitrogen oxides". ALL CORONA DISCHARGE OZONE GENERATORS CREATE A SMALL AMOUNT OF NITROGEN OXIDES" unless they use pure oxygen for feed gas and have absolutely no steel of any kind in the generation chamber. The amount produced is negligible, approximately 1/100 of the amount of ozone being produced. In an ozonated area that is safe to occupy (>0.04 ppm) the nitrogen oxide level would be around 0.0004, well below the safe level. Some companies have used a testing method that does not work, Draeger gas testing tubes and Matheson gas detector tubes for nitrogen are not usable in an ozone environment. Both companies state in their instructions that they will not give an accurate reading in an ozone environment. Draeger say's that the nitrogen oxide tests are "not compatible with an ozone environment" and Matheson states that "the stained layer is decolorized by ozone"

79. BUBL LINK: Ozone Author environmental Protection Agency Subjects global change, ozone Author United Nations environment Programme Subjects ozone DeweyClass 363.738 http://bubl.ac.uk/link/o/ozone.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Ozone Titles Descriptions AIRNOW: Real Time Air Pollution Data Antarctic Ozone Hole British Antarctic Survey Ozone Bulletins ESTO: Earth Science and Technology Organization ... World Meteorological Organisation Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk AIRNOW: Real Time Air Pollution Data Resource concerned with air quality and ozone throughout the US. Includes maps which provide real-time air pollution data, information about public health and the environmental effects of air pollution, and suggestions of ways in which the public can protect their health and reduce pollution. Also features Webcam images and publications such as the Air Quality Index Rule and Guidelines for Reporting of Daily Air Quality. Author: Environmental Protection Agency Subjects: air quality, ozone, pollution DeweyClass: Resource type: documents, images, maps Antarctic Ozone Hole Document which explains the formation of the spring-time depletion of the ozone layer above the Antarctic (the ozone hole), and answers some common questions. The ozone hole was discovered by scientists from the British Antarctic Survey in 1985, and demonstrated that understanding of the atmosphere is far from complete. Author: Shanklin, Jonathan

80. 2000 Chafee Lecture - THE CFC-OZONE PUZZLE: Environmental Science In The Global THE CFCozone PUZZLE environmental Science in the Global Arena the inauguralJohn H.Chafee Memorial Lecture on Science and the environment,organized by http://www.ncseonline.org/NCSEconference/2000conference/Chafee/

If not us,who? If not now,when? THE CFC-OZONE PUZZLE: Environmental Science in the Global Arena Dr.F.Sherwood Rowland 1995 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry University of California Irvine and Dr.Mario J.Molina 1995 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology JOHN H. CHAFEE Memorial Lecture on Science and the Environment 1st National Conference on Science, Policy and the Environment PRESENTED AT National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC December 7, 2000 download as PDF file This volume documents the inaugural John H.Chafee Memorial Lecture on Science and the Environment,organized by the National Council for Science and the Environment.It is the first in a series of books documenting the annual Chafee Lecture series. see also: Recommendations for Improving the Scientific Basis for Environmental Decisionmaking A Report from the first National Conference on Science, Policy, and the Environment

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