61. Orphan Train History history of the orphan Train Books. Together these books record a littleknownchapter in american history The placing out of 200000 homeless children, http://andreawarren.com/historyorphantrain.htm

Home About the Author Interview with Andrea Warren Author Visits ... How to Purchase Books History of the Orphan Train Books Together these books record a little-known chapter in American history: The "placing out"of 200,000 homeless children, transporting them from mostly New York City by train to areas all across the country where they were taken by new families. The orphan trains started in 1854 and ended in 1930. They were the forerunner to modern day foster homes. Some say they were a good thing, others are horrified at the thought of lining children up to be looked over by prospective parents. Yet the same thing happens at today's "adoption fairs," where children needing families have the opportunity to meet and mingle with individuals and couples interested in adopting a child. It's estimated that perhaps 50 percent of the children found good homes. The other 50 percent were taken as workers or were shuffled from home to home or abused in various ways. Yet even these children frequently express their gratitude to the orphan trains for giving them at chance at lifea chance often denied them in the brutal environs of a vast city that offered no shelter. The children became homeless for a variety of reasons. Many were the offspring of newly arrived immigrants who fell on hard times and could not support their families. Some were removed from their homes for abuse. Others ran away. Sometimes children were orphaned when their parents died of illness or from accidents.

62. Science NetLinks Orphan Trains Have students read A history of the orphan trains. The orphan trains PlacingOut in America. Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press, 1992. http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/Lessons.cfm?DocID=72

63. Genealogy: Orphan Trains Genealogy links to information about the orphan trains 18501930, including lists orphan trains - Nebraska orphan Train Riders history By Howard Hurd http://www.genealinks.com/orphantrain.htm

Search for Ancestors Net Zero Search US Census Orphan Trains Genealogy links to information about the orphan trains 1850-1930, including lists of names of children who rode the trains and stories about some of the individual children. Surnames Our Visitors are Researching Add Yours Marriage Records Marriage Records Database Georgia Marriages Kentucky Marriages Missouri Marriages ... Submit Marriages New records are automatically posted in the Marriage Records Database. As we accumulate enough to fill a page for a specific area, and as time permits, they will be moved to that page To correct errors use Submit Marriages add a record which will be posted with the old one. To add your email address to a record, use Submit Marriages, it will be added to the old record. GenForum Message Boards Family Finder Search Orphan Train Collection 1880 U.S. Federal Census New York Juvenile Asylum, New York, NY Many children from the institution were sent to Illinois and other states on Orphan Trains between about 1853 and 1929 1890 NYC Police Census List of Names* (726) NEW YORK FOUNDLING HOSPITAL Index of Children Who Rode the Orphan Trains to Kansas Iowa Orphan Train Project Happy Valley School and Orphan Train In 1992 I decided to research the formation of a children's home called Happy Valley School located in Pomona, NY. It had been a home for thousands of neglected boys and girls in the metropolitan New York area from 1911 to 1972. My three brothers, my sister and I had called it home. During research for a book on Happy Valley, I came across a treasure trove of information that documented a little known era in American society. It is the era of the "Orphan Train."

64. Adoption History: Further Reading Marilyn Irvin Holt, The orphan trains Placing Out in America (Lincoln To learn more about The Adoption history Project, please contact Ellen Herman http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/reading.html

Further Reading A-B C-E F-I J-N ... U-Z I have selected a few additional primary and secondary sources to encourage further reading about the people and subjects explored on this site. Because a great deal has been written recently about adoption by legal scholars, policy analysts, social scientists, adoptees, birth parents, and adoptive parents, I have listed sources that are especially useful in thinking about adoption historically that may not appear in many excellent bibliographies emphasizing only the recent past. A-B Adoption History, General Sources Julie Berebitsky, Like Our Very Own: Adoption and the Changing Culture of Motherhood, 1851-1950 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000). Naomi Cahn and Joan Heifetz Hollinger, eds., Families by Law: An Adoption Reader (New York: New York University Press, 2004). E. Wayne Carp, ed., Adoption in America: Historical Perspectives (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002). E. Wayne Carp

65. Cobblestone Publishing COBBLESTONE American History In american history, the Civil War proved to be the proving ground for use of You can also read about the life of orphan Train Rider Arthur Field Smith. http://209.211.248.99/store/merchant.mv?Screen=CTGY&Store_Code=CP&Category_Code=

66. Untitled Farm families, in particular, who often adopted orphan train children to work on the memory of one of the most remarkable episodes in american history. http://www.suite101.com/print_article.cfm/3679/18539

URL: http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/3679/18539 The Last Orphan Trains Author: Meg Greene Malvasi Published on: August 17, 1999 As early as the turn of the century, charitable organizations like the Children's Aid Society were being helped by new programs and new legislation. These efforts were specifically directed at protecting children and helping to improve the urban environment in which they lived. As a result, the need to "place out" children was not as pressing as before. One of the more ambitious programs came with the creation of a national Children's Bureau , a division of the Department of Commerce and Labor. Headquartered in Washington D. C., this agency, established in 1912, was charged with investigating and reporting on all matters that pertained to children. The staff of the Children's Bureau compiled studies of all aspects of child development such as birth and death rates. They examined the proceedings and decisions of juvenile courts, and the problems of abandonment by parents, homelessness, adoption, and child labor. Working with private organizations, individuals, and state and local agencies, the Bureau gradually succeeded in bringing the issue of child welfare to national attention. Not only did the achievements of the Bureau reduce the number of desperate cases, it also cut down on the need to use the orphan trains. With the onset of the Depression, many families also found themselves in more difficult financial and straits. Farm families, in particular, who often adopted orphan train children to work on their farms, had a hard enough time taking care of their own. In the end, diminished economic resources contributed to a decline in "placing out."

67. Art Smith's Story Art Smith, orphan Train Rider (In His Own Words). 502f.gif (3003 bytes) a long way toward marking The orphan Train Era as authentic american history. http://www.hamilton.net/subscribers/hurd/artsmith.htm

Art Smith, Orphan Train Rider (In His Own Words) At age 71, I was shocked to discover that in December 1922, my eleven companions and I were not just an isolated 12 orphanswending our way westward by train to find a home. We were part of the greatest children's migration known in the history of the World, possibly numbering as many as 350,000. Based largely on this migration, scores of school children in 38 States this year have put together History Day Projects and are eagerly contesting for honors. It all began with Charles Loring Brace, a young Methodist minister and social worker in New York City. In conclusuion, and on behalf of all riders, I want to praise Cobblestone Publishing, Inc. (noted for it's famous American History for Kids) for featuring us so beautifully in a classic April 1998 issue of Cobblestone magazine. In this issue you have gone a long way toward marking The Orphan Train Era as authentic American History. Submitted by Arthur F. Smith, Orphan Train Rider, 1922

68. Downhomebooks.Com Recommended Books On Trains Lee Nailling s story is alternated with a look at the history of orphan trainsin the United States. Jim Murphy, Across America on an Emigrant Train. http://www.downhomebooks.com/rectrains.htm

Home Our Amazon store Our eBay store Interviews ... About us Recommended Books: TRAINS Recommended picture books (Click on titles to buy from Amazon.Com) Chris Van Allsburg, The Polar Express . We can't imagine that anyone hasn't actually read this, but if you haven't, and your child likes trains and Christmas, drop everything and purchase your very own copy. Margaret Wise Brown, Two Little Trains . First published in 1949 and illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon, an incomparable team, this is the story of two trains making their way through the countryside. But one is a real train and one is a toy train! Eve Bunting, Train to Somewhere . A young girl is sent west on an Orphan Train – the trains that, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, took orphans in NYC to families in the west willing to adopt a child. But in this case, no one wants her. At least, not until she gets to the end of the line. Virginia Lee Burton, Choo Choo . We try not to include classics in these recommendations, but had to do so in this one about a little engine who gets bored with her routine and decides to explore! Patrick O'Brien

69. Lorain County Children Services - History Of Child Welfare In The USA Brief history of Child Welfare in America. In the United States, he set outon several trips west, with train loads of children ( orphan trains ). http://www.childabuse.net/usachildwelfarehistory.html

Welcome! Lorain County Children Services 226 Middle Avenue, Elyria, Ohio 44035 (440) 329-5340 (office), (440) 329-5378 (fax) (440) 329-2121 (HOTLINE) Executive Director Gary A. Crow, PhD Home Departments Family-Based Care Direct Services Quality Assurance Ancillary Casework Services ... LCCS Board Resources Contact Us The Intervention Cycle Reporting Child Abuse Waiting Children ... The Evolution of Child Welfare Read the current Strategic Plan Brief History of Child Welfare in America In the United States, an early means of caring for orphans was by indenture. The first American child was indentured in 1636, in Massachusetts. Indenture was often free labor rather than protection. Later, children were placed in almshouses with their parents, and the feeling was that they would set children on a road to life, "free from permanent ignorance, pauperism, and vice." By the mid 1800’s they were recognized as just the opposite. Yet, in 1927, there were still children placed in almshouses throughout the country. In 1806, the New York Orphan Asylum Society, a group of wealthy women interested in the less fortunate, established an orphanage which set the example for many that followed. Children were to get clean linen and clothes regularly, and no physical punishment could be used on the children except by the orphanage’s director. There was a great deal of concern for the morals of the children.

70. Great American History Theatre - New Play Library The Great american history Theatre Real People, Real Stories, A musicaltribute to the Andrews Sisters. (Cast of 5). THE orphan TRAIN http://www.historytheatre.com/library.asp

SEASON TICKETS EDUCATION GROUPS ... PAST SEASONS NEW PLAY LIBRARY Contact Ron Peluso , Artistic Director at 651-292-4325 or rpeluso@historytheatre.com for rights and scripts. Welcome to the History Theatre! In our 28-year history, we have produced over 100 new plays and musicals by 80 playwrights and composers. The telling of Real Stories about Real People is and has been our forte. It has been an incredible journey of discovery: about the folks of the Midwest and about the diverse culture and history we share. A local critic recently wrote, "every town and every city should have a History Theatre." Check out some of our recent work listed in our New Play Library that you might produce for your theatre or community. NEW SCRIPT SUBMISSION POLICY: WE DO NOT ACCEPT UNSOLICITED SCRIPTS. We do accept a synopsis and 10 page sample for review either through an agent or with a letter of recommendation from an artistic director. If the submission is a musical, a CD or tape can accompany the script. If there is not an SASE for materials, it will be assumed that they may be recycled when we are finished with them. Our strong emphais is on real stories about real people, usually though not always in the Midwestern United States.

71. Book Review The Journal Of American History, 91.3 The The Journal of american history Raised in an orphan asylum after his mother sdeath and his father s suicide, Miller was sent west on an orphan train, http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/91.3/br_63.html

You have not been recognized as a subscriber to JAH online. About 267 words from this article are provided below; about 649 words remain. If you are a individual member of the Organization of American Historians, you may: login here if you have already registered for online access. register your subscription Set up your online account for the first time. If you are not a member of the Organization of American Historians, you can: Join the OAH and receive many member benefits including print and electronic issues of the Journal of American History. Purchase a research pass to gain two-hour access to the entire History Cooperative web site. You will have full access to current issues of the Journal of American History (86.1-present). Note: the Research Pass does not provide access to JSTOR's holdings of the Journal of American History. Instititutions can: Subscribe to this journal and receive print and electronic issues. Activate your existing subscription so that we recognize your IP number ranges. Book Review The Trial of "Indian Joe": Race and Justice in the Nineteenth-Century West . By Clare V. McKanna Jr. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003. xiv, 155 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-8032-3228-4.)

72. Shop.scholastic.com - Teacher Store american history 12 Books The Last Safe House. • Lily and Miss Liberty.• orphan Train Rider. • Riding Freedom. • When Marian Sang http://shop.scholastic.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?productId=16

73. Books: Train Of Tears (Tucson Weekly . 11-23-98) Tucson Author Alison Moore Explores The history Of The orphan Train. It s achapter in american history that most people aren t aware of. http://weeklywire.com/ww/11-23-98/tw_book1.html

Train Of Tears Tucson Author Alison Moore Explores The History Of The Orphan Train. By Charlotte Lowe BILLY THE KID came west on the Orphan Train. So did the future governors of Alaska and South Dakota. They were three of more than 150,000 orphans and destitute children that rode the railways in search of new homes between 1853 and 1929. Their imagined experiences, full of horror stories as well as happy endings, are what Tucson author Alison Moore and Arkansas bluegrass musician Philip Lancaster recreate in Riders on the Orphan Trail . Written and performed by Moore and Lancaster, it's theater that combines their talents in ballad, short story and lullaby. In one song they take you along on the Orphan Train, "a cradle rocked by iron wheels." Moore and Lancaster give hopeful yet wary voices to those prospective foster children in the refrain: "But maybe this town will be my home. Maybe someone will call my name. Maybe I'll be riding forever, riding on the orphan train." Together they tell the story of thousands of urban children that were "placed out" during an 80-year experiment in child relocation and rehabilitation. Moore said this system began as a philanthropic effort of The Children's Aid Society of New York.

74. Orphantrain Of Hope Children’s Hope International presents The orphan Train of Hope To this end,the Train serves as an important reminder from american history of the hope http://www.chifoundation.org/orphantrain.htm

Homes, Health and Hope for Children in Need Orphan Train of Hope St. Louis, Union Station, October 01, 2005 4:30 PM - All Aboard! Children’s Hope International presents The Orphan Train of Hope Our first Orphan Train of Hope was a great success!! Thanks to all who participated and supported this wonderful event. Despite the chilly November weather, we had a great turn-out. 198 people joined us on the train, but several more families (and passers-by from the Union Station mall) stopped by to see us off. Those on the train enjoyed a delicious 3-course meal Live music in the lounge car attracted those daring enough to brave the walk on a moving train. We cruised around downtown St. Louis for nearly 2 hours. It was a clear night, so the city lights got lots of “ooohs and aaahs.” All the riders really enjoyed this dinner cruise, so plans are already in the works for an even bigger and better Orphan Train of Hope next year! Total funds raised through the Orphan Train of Hope 2004: Another part of the Orphan Train fundraising effort, the Beslan School Tragedy Fund, raised

75. Indian Orphanages She relates the history of these orphanages and the cultural factors that She is author of The orphan trains Placing Out in America and Linoleum, http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/holind.html

Indian Orphanages Marilyn Irvin Holt New in paperback: October 2004 x, 326 pages, 19 photographs, 6 x 9 Paper ISBN 0-7006-1363-3, $19.95 Also available in cloth: ISBN 0-7006-1119-3, $34.95 WINNER OF THE OKLAHOMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY'S OUTSTANDING BOOK AWARD With their deep tradition of tribal and kinship ties, Native Americans had lived for centuries with little use for the concept of an unwanted child. But besieged by reservation life and boarding school acculturation, many tribeswith the encouragement of whitescame to accept the need for orphanages. The first book to focus exclusively on this subject, Marilyn Holt's study interweaves Indian history, educational history, family history, and child welfare policy to tell the story of Indian orphanages within the larger context of the orphan asylum in America. She relates the history of these orphanages and the cultural factors that produced and sustained them, shows how orphans became a part of native experience after Euro-American contact, and explores the manner in which Indian societies have addressed the issue of child dependency. Holt examines in depth a number of orphanages from the 1850s to1940sparticularly among the "Five Civilized Tribes" in Oklahoma, as well as among the Seneca in New York and the Ojibway and Sioux in South Dakota. She shows how such factors as disease, federal policies during the Civil War, and economic depression contributed to their establishment and tells how white social workers and educational reformers helped undermine native culture by supporting such institutions. She also explains how orphanages differed from boarding schools by being either tribally supported or funded by religious groups, and how they fit into social welfare programs established by federal and state policies.

76. OUSD Teaching American History Grant II Poignant and powerful are the memories of living orphan Train riders who vividly Copyright © 2001 2005 Teaching american history Grant Oakland http://www.teachingamericanhistory.us/resources/form_video.html

Home Lectures Lesson Study Resources ... Resources Video Request Form Online video request form for OUSD TAHG participants To OUSD TAHG grant participants. Below is a list of videos from the PBS American Experience Series . They are available for check out by teachers participating in the project. To use one of the videos please check the appropriate boxes and click on the submit button below which will send the information to Stan Pesick, Project Coordinator.

77. Children Today: Tears On Paper: Orphan Train History. - Book Reviews Full text of the article, Tears on Paper orphan Train history. mass movementof 150000 american children from New York to states throughout the West, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1053/is_n1_v21/ai_13255320

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Children Today Jan-Feb 1992 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for Air Classics Art Culinaire Ask CPSC Monitor ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Tears on Paper: Orphan Train History. - book reviews Children Today Jan-Feb, 1992 by Jake Terpstra Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Compiled by Patricia J. Young and Francis E. Marks (Just-us Printers, 555 North Old Missouri Rd., Springdale, Arkansas 72764, 325 pp., $23.00, soft cover). This fascinating compilation of personal accounts, letters, pictures and official documents about the mass movement of 150,000 American children from New York to states throughout the West, primarily the Midwest, from 1854 to 1929. This "placing out" process, initiated by Rev. Charles Loring Brace, founder of the New York Children's Aid Society, brought children from the streets and orphanages of New York to farm family homes. The descriptions in the book are vivid accounts of personal tragedy and triumph. While the book does not present a historical review of this migration, the reader gleans a great deal of information and a sense of history as it unfolded. The glimpses directly into the lives of persons involved, many of whom are still living, gives a powerful insight into this historical and intensely personal phenomenon.

78. Trains History - Books, Journals, Articles @ The Questia Online Library The orphan trains Placing out in America. Book by Marilyn Irvin Holt; The orphan trains ceased to operate in social, and cultural history have http://www.questia.com/search/trains-history

Questia The World's Largest Online Library Primary Navigation Skip Home Page Search Page Read Page ... Subscribe Page Secondary Navigation Skip About Questia Subscribe Requirements ... Login Search the Library: Advanced Search Put exact phrases in quotes Search within Results by media type: Books Journals Magazines Newspapers Encyclopedia Research Topics We searched for: trains AND history we found: results by media type: books: journal articles: magazine articles: newspaper articles: encyclopedia articles: books on: trains history - 18228 results More book Results: Europe's High Speed Trains: A Study in Geo-Economics Book by Mitchell P. Strohl ; Praeger Publishers, 1993 Subjects: High Speed TrainsEurope ...unpredictable change for which history furnishes no precedents. The...book on Europes high speed trains should be confined primarily...western Europe, with its long history of overseas trade, is a major...severely limited, freight trains are short, and maintenance... The Orphan Trains: Placing out in America Book by Marilyn Irvin Holt ; University of Nebraska Press, 1992 Subjects: Orphan Trains ...Southwest. The orphan trains ceased to operate in...social, and cultural

79. KCKPL YS American History Series american Girl history Mysteries Exciting history Mysteries offer a orphan TrainSeries In the 1850s there were many homeless children in New York City http://www.kckpl.lib.ks.us/YS/books/Amhisbk2.htm

DON'T BE HISTORYÂ JUST READ ABOUT AMERICA! HISTORICAL SERIES FICTION American Adventures Meet Thomas Bowden 1775 - His bravery is tested during the Revolutionary War Luke Reed 1849 - Luke and his dashing uncle are swept up in the Gold Rush to California Joseph Byers 1861 - Joseph must choose sides at the beginning of the Civil War. Follow each boy through his action-packed adventures in this exciting, fun-to-read series packed with fascinating historical details. American Girls Collection : Explore America Felicity 1774 - A spunky, spritely colonial girl growing up in Williamsburg, Virginia, just before the American Revolution Josefina 1824 - A nine-year-old girl whose heart and hopes are as big as the New Mexico sky Kirsten 1854 - A nine-year-old who moves with her family to a new home on America's frontier Addy 1864 - A courageous girl, smart and strong, growing up during the Civil War Samantha 1904 - A nine-year-old orphan who lives with her wealthy grandmother Molly 1944 - A nine-year-old who is growing up on the home front in America during World War Two American Girl History Mysteries : Exciting History Mysteries offer a suspenseful spin on the past, with compelling tales and clever heroines.

80. Header.gif large scale foster care program in american history the orphan Train movement.With nearly 3000 of the more than 100000 orphans settling in Michigan, http://www.michiganhumanities.org/anniversary/30projects30years.htm

Michigan Humanities Council... Reflecting and Celebrating 30 Years 30th Anniversary Celebration 30th Anniversary Photo Album and Slideshow Movie. 30 OUTSTANDING PROJECTS OF THE PAST 30 YEARS: 1974-2004 One of the premier exhibits in the state of Michigan, Anishinabek: The People of This Place was developed to invite visitors to join in a journey through the historical and cultural past and present of the Anishinabek people (the Odawa, Chippewa or Ojibway, and Potawatomi) of Western Michigan. The exhibit was created to PRESENT Native American artifacts including historic and contemporary objects, rare photographs, and remarkable audio and video interviews. The exhibit was installed at the Grand Rapids Public Museum in 1992 and remains a popular exhibit today in its permanent collections. The Con Foster Museum undertook an innovative public outreach program in the summer of 1989 to PRESENT and teach the public about the various aspects of preserving documentary heritage. Fading Memories included public outreach workshops, specialist lectures, a traveling exhibition, archival repository surveys, and research and publication of Caring for Your Cherished Possessions. The project reached a 10-county area in northwestern lower Michigan.

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