21. Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History Of China The opium wars disrupted the old life and economy of southern China. In termsof casualties, it was one of the worst civil wars in history. http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chinhist.html

Main Other Chinese Web Sites Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History of China Compiled from Compton's Living Encyclopedia on America Online (August 1995) 1. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTINUITY A significant aspect of China is its long cultural and national history. The Chinese people have shared a common culture longer than any other group on Earth. The Chinese writing system, for example, dates back almost 4,000 years. The imperial dynastic system of government, which continued for centuries, was established as early as 221 BC. Although specific dynasties were overturned, the dynastic system survived. China was even ruled at times by foreign invaders, such as the Mongols during the Yuan Dynasty, from AD 1279 to 1368, and the Manchus during the Ch'ing Dynasty, from AD 1644 to 1911, but the foreigners were largely absorbed into the culture they governed. It is as if the Roman Empire had lasted from the time of the Caesars to the 20th century, and during that time had evolved a cultural system and written language shared by all the peoples of Europe. The dynastic system was overturned in 1911, and a weak republican form of government existed until 1949. In that year, after a long civil war, the People's Republic of China, with a Communist government, was proclaimed. This government and the ruling Communist party have controlled China ever since. Although the dynastic system has disappeared, the People's Republic occupies essentially the same territory and governs the same people. If anything, the culture and power of China seem stronger in the late 20th century than at almost any other period in history. Under the People's Republic, China's role in world economic and political affairs has grown increasingly more important.

22. Hong Kong Museum Of History - Exhibition - Permanent Exhibition - Viewing The Ga Arrow Left previous gallery next gallery Arrow Right. Local history Collection.Inside of the The opium wars and the Cession of Hong Kong Gallery http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/History/en/gallery5.php

Home Exhibition Permanent Exhibition Viewing the Galleries > Gallery 5 The Opium Wars and the Cession of Hong Kong Name of Theatre/Video Show: From Trade to War Duration: 10 minutes Capacity: 90 Screened in Cantonese, Putonghua and English by rotation. previous gallery next gallery Local History Collection Important notices Last revision date: 28 July, 2004

23. Hong Kong Museum Of History - Exhibition - Permanent Exhibition - Viewing The Ga This gallery outlines the opium wars, their causes, the way they unfolded andthe consequences. Copyright © Hong Kong Museum of history http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/History/text/en/gallery5.php

Hong Kong Museum of History Home Page Graphics Version Ácà 骩 About Us ... Back to LCSD Permanent Exhibition Gallery 5 The Opium Wars and the Cession of Hong Kong Name of Theatre/Video Show: From Trade to War Duration: 10 minutes Capacity: 90 Screened in Cantonese, Putonghua and English by rotation. previous gallery next gallery Local History Collection Permanent Exhibition ... sitemap Last revision date: 28 July, 2004

24. Wars: Causation Process, Prevention Efforts: Lessons From History “In all history there is no war which was not hatched by the governments, 1840 s1850 s, China War (aka opium War), England vs China, Japan, http://medicolegal.tripod.com/earlyintllaw.htm

For translation, click on English Español Français Deutsch ... Portuguese Wars: Causation Process Prevention Efforts: Lessons from History Table of Contents Early - Medieval Efforts War Analyses 1845-1886 Criminalizing War 1912-1923 Example Royalty ... World Wars List After the 1939-1945 War against the Nazis, crimes that they had committed were prosecuted by the "Nuremberg Trial." Since similar crimes continued, a less ad hoc system came to be seen to be needed. The current [1999 - 2004] effort for an International Criminal Court has a long preceding record. It is the latest step to enforce law and save life on a basis in addition to national laws (which may or not not be enforced). The first section of information here is derived primarily from the World War II era book (1943) Prefaces to Peace: A Symposium Consisting of the Following One World , by Republican Pres. Nominee Wendell L. Wilkie (Simon and Schuster, Inc.) The Problems of Lasting Peace , by Pres. Herbert Hoover and Hugh Gibson The Price of Free World Victory , from The Century of the Common Man , by Vice-Pres. Henry A. Wallace

25. Opium Wars In UK Directory: Library: Military History opium wars Collection of sites detailing the history of the opium wars, whichwere fought between Britain and China. http://www.ukdirectory.co.uk/Library/Category671422.html

Web Search: Opium Wars Collection of sites detailing the history of the Opium wars, which were fought between Britain and China. You are here: UK Directory Library History Military History ... Opium Wars Search Results About 1. Military History Items on eBay.co.uk Buy and sell memorabilia and commemorative items on eBay.co.uk, the UK's online marketplace. www.ebay.co.uk 2. Military History Books Military and Aviation Book Society. Whatever your specialist interest, be it aviation, the armed forces, military history or memorabilia, we bring you a wealth of excellent reading. www.militarybookclub.co.uk 3. Learn about Military History Online Their Past Your Future - marking the sixtieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Wide range of activity for all ages throughout the UK. See our online exhibition. www.theirpastyourfuture.org.uk Selected sites from UK Directory Listing page of 4. Emperor of China Declares War on Drugs Find out about the Chinese resistance to British opium grown in India in the 19th century. opioids.com

26. Opium Wars opium wars, 1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars between China and Western countries . See more Encyclopedia articles on South Asian history http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0836734.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Opium Wars Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. See A. Waley

27. History 13B: China This is an introduction to Chinese history from the 13th through the 20th centuries . Those contacts culminate in the opium wars of the 19th century, http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Wakeman/H13B/

Spring 2005 Download a Printable Version of this Syllabus (PDF Format) There will be three lectures a week and one two-hour discussion section. The course grade will be determined according to the results of a mid-term examination, which is scheduled for March 14, a 7-10 page paper, and the final exam. The grade will also be influenced by the individual student's performance in the discussion section. The final exam is scheduled for Saturday, May 14, 2005, at 5:00 p.m. An early make-up exam will be offered for students who are attending conflicting graduation ceremonies. No other make-up exams will be given except in cases of documented illness or dire family emergency. Stresses, fatigue, job interviews, and so on are not valid excuses. There will be no exceptions to this rule, so please note carefully the date of the final and do not make any appointments that conflict with it. READINGS Cao Xueqin , The Golden Days (The Story of the Stone, or the Dream of the Red Chamber) . Vol. 1, transl. David Hawkes (New York: Viking Press, 1974).

28. Web Activity Lesson Plan, Glencoe World History, Glencoe, 2003 The opium wars were the beginning of a period of repeated Western about theopium wars and develop a timeline of the major events in Chinese history. http://www.glencoe.com/sec/socialstudies/worldhistory/gwh2003/content.php4/455/5

"The Opium Wars and Beyond" Introduction The Opium Wars were the beginning of a period of repeated Western intervention in Chinese affairs. Western intervention created a sense of humiliation as well as a hunger for both reform and revolution. In this activity students will read about the Opium Wars and develop a timeline of the major events in Chinese history. Lesson Description Students will go to the Ch'ing China Web site to read about the Opium Wars. Students will answer a series of questions about the Opium Wars. They will then read about the subsequent periods of Chinese history leading up to the uprising of 1911 and create a timeline of Chinese history from 1830 to 1910, including the 10 most important events of that period and a brief description of each event. Instructional Objectives Students will be able to evaluate the significance of events in China during the Opium Wars and later. Students will be able to apply what they have learned by creating a timeline of major events in Chinese history from the Opium Wars to 1910. Student Web Activity Answers Lin Tse-hsü was the Chinese Imperial Commissioner at Canton who tried unsuccessfully to end the opium trade and the government corruption it produced in China.

29. SurfWax: News, Reviews And Articles On Opium Wars Long before the opium wars, China had a thriving internal trade in opium. high school history class we learned about the Nanking Massacre, opium wars, http://news.surfwax.com/history/files/Opium_Wars.html

SurfWax News Index Track News Save/Exchange Information About Us News and Articles on Opium Wars Gov't explains WWII history on Net Aug 14, 2005 They already did it at the opium wars. Had Japan not stood up against them and became their enemy, it is likely that China would have to fight more opium wars and get carved up further by them. (Japan Today, Japan) U.S. unveils U.N. reform policy, supporting Japan for UNSC Jun 18, 2005 China is now back somewhere near the level of international and economic expectation it was in prior to the Opium Wars. And you expect people to take you seriously. (Japan Today, Japan) U.S. backs Japan for UNSC Jun 17, 2005 China is now back somewhere near the level of international and economic expectation it was in prior to the Opium Wars. For some reason, it has never gone any further and I doubt it will now, especially if capital inflows cease. (Japan Today, Japan) Protesters target Japan consulate Apr 16, 2005 Aha, if Chinese are so "propagandised" then why do every Chinese know about the Opium wars. You obviousely have a problem with Chinese people, don't know why and don't really care. (Japan Today, Japan) * Instability sure to grow in China Apr 14, 2005

30. Hong Kong Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide history. Hong Kong has supported human life since at least the Stone Age. The British took control of Hong Kong in 1841 following the opium wars. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/north_east_asia/hong_kong/history.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore China Hong Kong Hong Kong On-the-boil Hong Kong will bowl you over. View Map Click here Sleep Feature Metropark Hotel Only a few years old, the Metropark is one of the nicest contemporary hotels in Hong Kong, with... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Eat Sleep Night Shop Image Gallery Activities Events Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Hong Kong has the big city specials like smog, odour, 14 million elbows and an insane love of clatter. But it's also efficient, hushed and peaceful: the transport network is excellent, the shopping centres are sublime, and the temples and quiet corners of parks are contemplative oases. The best thing about being in Hong Kong is getting flummoxed and fired by the confluences and contradictions of a Chinese city with multi-Asian and Western elements. It's about savouring new tastes, weaving through a human gridlock and humming some dumb Cantopop tune while slurping your noodles. When To Go Weatherwise, October, November and most of December are the best months to visit Hong Kong; the skies are clear and the sun shines. The June to August heat/rain combo might push your endurance but there's a lot of sunshine and, after all, it's summer. Hotels tends to offer substantial discounts outside the high seasons of March-April and October-November. Travel can be difficult during Chinese New Year in late January/early February.

31. China Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide The Chinese claim a history of 5000 years. The first dynasty, the Xia, By 1840 the opium wars were on. The resulting treaties signed in British favour http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/north_east_asia/china/history.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore China China Monolithic scale, a long and potent history, a future looming large. More Places Check out our other destinations: Within China Beijing Hong Kong Macau Shanghai Tibet View Map Click here Feature Attraction Summer Palace One of Beijing's most visited sights, the immense park of the Summer Palace requires at least half... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Events Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts China isn't a country - it's a different world. Unless you have a couple of years and unlimited patience, it's best to follow a loose itinerary here, such as following the Silk Road, sailing down the Yangzi River, or exploring the Dr Seuss landscape of Guangxi Province. From shop-till-you-drop metropolises to the epic grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China is a land of cultural and geographic schisms. It's not that it has completely done away with its Maoist past - it's more that the yin of revolutionary zeal is being balanced by the yang of economic pragmatism. When To Go Spring (March-April) and autumn (September-October) are the best times to visit China. Daytime temperatures range from 20°C to 30°C (68°F-86°F) in these seasons - but bear in mind that nights can still be bitterly cold and it can sometimes be wet and miserable. Major public holidays, in particular Chinese New Year, are best avoided as it's difficult to get around and/or find accommodation.

32. The History Of "Free Trade" Because she lost the wars, China granted Britain a free portHong Kong. Hong Kongwas a British demand because it proved the opium wars were not about http://villa.lakes.com/eltechno/TVAfretr.html

The History of "Free Trade" By Jonathan Larson (1993) Opposing "free trade" and its latest manifestation, The North American Free Trade Agreement, is a bit like trying to stop a runaway truck loaded with mom's apple pies. Rarely has anything seemed so inevitable or respectable. Nevertheless, an organized grass-roots political movement has arisen to oppose NAFTA mostly made up of the victims who have already had their lives destroyed by the policies of "free trade." Elite opinion scoffs at the opponents of "free trade." The unstated premises are, that NAFTA's opposition is made up of people who don't know what's good for them; that trade matters should be left to professionals; and that whatever pain will result in a long-term gain. Even though NAFTA was negotiated by Republicans, support for the agreement is also shared by notorious "leftists" such as Michael Kinsley of CNN's Crossfire and The New Republic.

33. Digital Termpapers: Term Papers On The Opium Wars The opium wars The Dragon and St. George A Discussion of the Political, to great lengths to exploit the importance of the opium War in Chinese history; http://www.digitaltermpapers.com/c6593.htm

Term Papers Count: Home Join Login Sign Out ... Contact for: The Opium Wars Term Paper Title The Opium Wars # of Words # of Pages (250 words per page double spaced) The Opium Wars The Dragon and St. George: A Discussion of the Political, Economic, and Cultural Implications of the Opium War Any attempt at an analysis of the issues surrounding such a symbolically-loaded event as the Opium War between Great Britain and the Chinese Empire in the mid-nineteenth century is an exercise inevitably complicated by the convergence of cross-cultural interests involved. This applies no less today than in the nineteenth century, for the past often serves the needs of the present, and the Opium War has recently become a useful device employed by the Chinese government to divert attention from their domestic policies by playing to the patriotic fervour of their people. However, the Opium War, while having opium as its central point of contention, was - and is - about far more significant matters than the sale of drugs. The war marked a moment when global power shifted irrevocably from East to West, in a clash of cultures amid an atmosphere of ignorance and arrogance on both sides. To better understand the complex vortex of issues and ideology that is the Opium War, it would perhaps be useful to begin in the present, sifting through current revisions of the events of time to better illustrate the significance of the past. The Opium War has been recently given new life by the historic handover of the British colony of Hong Kong back to China

34. 1st Opium Wars, 1840-1842 A Short history of the opium wars First opium War 183942, by RalphZuljan (OnWar.Com); Der 1. opiumkrieg 1840-1842, by Marcus A. König (Kriege der http://www.regiments.org/wars/19thcent/40china.htm

Authors and Contributors this page: T.F. Mills Page created 1 September 2000 Corrected and updated 1st Opium War (1st Anglo-Chinese War) Causes Chronology Results Commanders ... External Links Causes Chronology (except battles, which see below Results Forces and Casualties peak forces total forces total dead KIA NCD civilian dead WIA PW-MIA subtotal TOTAL Commanders Index of Battle Honours Date Battles (Battle Honours are shown in bold face Regiments (regiments awarded Battle Honours are shown in bold face Note: Battle Honours were awarded as noted below. signifies clasp to campaign medal. 1840 July 5 Tinghai 1841 Jan. 7 Bogue Forts 1841 Aug. 26 Amoy 1841 Sep. 29 Tinghai Chusan Inf: 1841 Oct. 10 Chinhai (Chinhae) Inf: 1841 Oct. 13 Ningpo (Ningbo) Inf: Nankin Inf: Ching Kiang Foo Inf: Ma-Kin-Kaon Inf: 1840 July 4- 1842 Aug. 17

35. 2nd Opium War, 1857-1860 A Short history of the opium wars Second opium War 185660, by RalphZuljan (OnWar.Com); Third China War, 1860, by Stephen Luscombe (The British Empire) http://www.regiments.org/wars/19thcent/57china.htm

Authors and Contributors this page: T.F. Mills Page created 1 September 2000 Corrected and updated 2nd Opium War (2nd Anglo-Chinese War) see also: Taiping Rebellion Causes Chronology Results ... External Links Causes Chronology (except battles, which see below Results Forces and Casualties peak forces total forces total dead KIA NCD civilian dead WIA PW-MIA subtotal TOTAL Officers Killed , by Stephen Lewis. Commanders Index of Battle Honours Date Battles (Battle Honours are shown in bold face Regiments (regiments awarded Battle Honours are shown in bold face Note: battle honours were awarded as noted below. signifies clasp to campaign medal. 1857 May 25- 1857 June 1 Fatshan RM 1857 Dec. 28- 1858 Jan. 5 Canton awarded 1861 Inf: 1858 May 20 Taku Forts RM Nantow Inf: China 1858-59 awarded 1892 Inf: 1860 Aug. 13

36. History Channel Classroom: Listen to Great Speeches, witness This Day in history, and tour Exhibits. The opium wars were the result of the British use of the drug for trade. http://www.historychannel.com/classroom/admin/study_guide/archives/thc_guide.096

This Week In History This Week in History October 29 - November 4 This episode of This Week In History explores the following events: 1. October 31, 1926: Harry Houdini dies 2. October 19, 1929: Ivar Kruegar's financial empire topples as the stock market crashes 3. November 2, 1929: Martin and Osa Johnson depart the United States to film Congarilla 4. November 3, 1839: First Opium War begins anonymity ante archive cannibal ... speculation Discussion Questions Harry Houdini was more than just a famous magician. Seventy-five years after his death, his name is still well known. How and why did Houdini become a part of American culture? The narrator states that "Houdini’s escapes were metaphors for our deepest fears." What is a metaphor? Why were Houdini's escapes metaphors for what we fear? Houdini's fixation with death reveals an obsession with immortality. Why do humans desire immortality? Houdini's real name was Erich Weiss. Why did he change his name to Harry Houdini? Do you think his popularity would have been any different if he did not change his name? Why or why not? Ivar Kruegar was called "the match king." Why?

37. History Of Opium - From "Little Book Of Opium" - Heroin Helper Use of opium dates back further than there is history. Today, it is fashionableto see the two opium wars as being a fight between the caring, http://www.heroinhelper.com/curious/history/opium_history.shtml

Heroin Helper my books angry curious ... letters Opium History Use of opium dates back further than there is history. Archeological digs in Switzerland have found Opium Poppy seeds and pods, dating from the Neolithic agethe "New Stone Age", a period running from 5500 B.C. to 8000 B.C. This makes opium the oldest known drug. The Sumarians The first people known to have used opium are the Sumarians who lived in lower Mesopotamia (now western Iraq). The Sumarians are best remembered as the culture that invented writing. But in most ways, they were far ahead of their time. They produced ten times as much food as other farmers in the regionlargely due to their use of irrigation. They traded extensively with their neighbors, especially food and the drugs opium and beerit is estimated that as much as half of the Sumarian barley crop went to beer production. The use of opium by the Sumarians dates back as far as 3500 BC (5500 years). It is known that they used opium medicinally. Some contend that it was not used recreationally. This is highly unlikely, however; the Sumarian name for the opium poppy is hul gil , which means "joy plant". Plus their use and export of alcohol indicates that recreational use of drugs was as important to the people of that time as it is today.

38. MSN Encarta - Opium Wars The opium wars are extremely important to China’s modern history. The wars, andthe unequal treaties forced on the Chinese by the West, compromised China’s http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553669_2/Opium_Wars.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Asia area affected by Opium Wars more... Further Reading Search for books and more related to Opium Wars Encarta Search Search Encarta about Opium Wars Advertisement document.write(' Page 2 of 2 Opium Wars Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 2 items Article Outline Introduction British-Chinese Trade The Opium Trade The First Opium War ... Significance V The Second Opium War Print Preview of Section The Second Opium War was in many ways an inevitable sequel to the first. The Chinese were not eager to implement the terms of a treaty that they saw as unfair. Still, skillful Chinese diplomacy and a number of other political distractions kept the conflict from boiling over for a number of years. On the British side, merchants were unhappy because they did not see a spectacular rise in profits from the China trade after the First Opium War; they blamed their disappointment on Chinese foot-dragging. In addition, the Treaty of Nanjing did not address the opium issue. Opium smuggling continued, and this only increased Chinese resentment of the foreigners. The Arrow Incident of 1856 was the spark that ignited the Second Opium War. The

39. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Europe history of Europe – (d) 10th11th centuries, 901-1100 history of Europe – (e) opium wars opium wars – Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount http://encarta.msn.com/related_761570768_71/wars.html

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40. Opium Wars - Demopedia opium wars. From Demopedia. Categories history China and the opium wars TheOrder of Skull and Bones Everything You Ever Wanted to Know, http://demopedia.democraticunderground.com/index.php/Opium_Wars

Home Discussion Forums Articles Demopedia (BETA) ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Opium Wars From Demopedia Categories History Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 About 2 Opium wars and the US 3 Who, where, what 4 External links ... edit About There were two Opium Wars between Britain and China . In the second, France also participated alongside Britain. The Qing dynasty of China entered into a long decline beginning in the 1800's, beset by increasingly aggressive foreign powers that clamoured for two-way trade with China. Europeans bought porcelain, silk, spices and tea from China, but could sell little in return. The drain on silver in Europe further strained finances already squeezed by European wars. Opium itself had been manufactured in China since the 15th century. It was mixed with tobacco in a process invented by the Spanish, but dominated by the Dutch by the 18th century. The Chinese imperial government prohibited the smoking of opium in 1729. However, the British began manufacturing opium in India in quantity starting in the mid-18th century, learning the art from the Mughal state, which had traded in opium in the land trade since at least the reign of

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