1. Digital China/harvard The Opium War number of crates of opium smuggled into China during the period before the Opium War began; another teaches an analytical history of the opium http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Digital China/harvard Letter Of Advice To Queen Victoria ed., Sources of World History, Volume II Lin Zexu's "Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria" was written before the outbreak of the Opium Wars. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Opium Wars History of Opium Wars added to exhibit about the East India Company (AP Worldstream) Search HighBeam Research for http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Ch'ing China The Opium Wars The Opium War, also called the AngloChinese War, was the most humiliating defeat China ever suffered. In European history, it is perhaps the most http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. A Short History Of The Opium Wars A Short History of the Opium Wars From Civilizations Past And Present Book Chapter 29 South And East Asia, 18151914 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Modern Era history of the Opium Wars. You might also be interested in a Brief History of Hong Kong. Tom Glasoe also maintains a nice page on the history of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Modern Era II setting for the largest uprising in modern Chinese historythe Taiping The rude realities of the Opium War, the unequal treaties, and the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Electronic Passport To The Opium Wars Chinese History To cite this page Dowling, Mike., "The Electronic Passport to the Opium Wars " available from http//www.mrdowling.com/613 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. AllRefer.com - Opium Wars (South Asian History) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Opium Wars, South Asian History. Includes related research links. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. The Opium War And The Opening Of China (The Unequal Treaties of Modern Chinese History) Beeching Jack. The Chinese Opium Wars . Hutchinson Co (Publishers) Ltd., London, 1975 . http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. A Short History Of The Opium Wars A Short history of the opium wars. From Civilizations Past And Present. BookChapter 29 South And East Asia, 18151914. Author Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/heroin/opiwar1.htm

Sign the Resolution for a Federal Commission on Drug Policy Contents Feedback Search ... Historical Research A Short History of the Opium Wars From: Civilizations Past And Present Book: Chapter 29: South And East Asia, 1815-1914 Author: Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey;Jewsbury;Lewis;Hackett Date: 1992 Excerpted from Bureau Development's CD-ROM The Central Kingdom At the end of the 1800s China's four million square miles held 450 million people, up from 200 million a century earlier. The ruling dynasty was the Ching, established by Manchus from Manchuria, who in 1644 had superseded the Ming. These descendants of the Tatars appreciated Chinese civilization and adopted a conciliatory attitude toward their subjects. They refused, however, to allow intermarriage with the Chinese, for they realized that only their blood difference kept them from being assimilated and conquered. By and large, however, the Manchus gradually became Chinese in their attitudes and habits. The Manchu emperors were remarkably successful. The reign of Chien-lung (1736-1795) was a time of great expansion. The Manchus gained Turkestan, Burma, and Tibet. By the end of the eighteenth century Manchu power extended even into Nepal, and the territory under the Ching control was as extensive as under any previous dynasty. The Western Response The foreigners were especially irritated by the high customs duties the Chinese forced them to pay and by the attempts of Chinese authorities to stop the growing import trade in opium. The drug had long been used to stop diarrhea, but in the seventeenth and eighteenth century people in all classes began to use it recreationally. Most opium came from Turkey or India, and in 1800 its import was forbidden by the imperial government. Despite this restriction, the opium trade continued to flourish. Privately owned vessels of many countries, including the United States, made huge profits from the growing number of Chinese addicts. The government in Peking noted that the foreigners seemed intent on dragging down the Chinese through the encouragement of opium addiction.

12. Opium Wars Opiated history. (movie about China s opium wars) (Variety) history of opiumwars added to exhibit about the East India Company (AP Worldstream) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0836734.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 24, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Opium Wars Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities.

13. CNN.com - 1840-1860: Opium Wars - June 24, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/06/20/hk.history.01/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 1840-1860: Opium Wars Trade war: Britain acquires 'a barren rock' At the start of the 19th century, Hong Kong was little more than a backwater in southern China, with no indication it would one day be a world trade center. By the middle of that century, Britain's desire to force opium on China had resulted in two wars and the loss of Chinese sovereignty in the territory. In the early 1800s, Hong Kong was inhabited mostly by subsistence farmers, fishermen and pirates. At that time, China's major contact with the outside world was taking place farther north, up the Pearl River, at Canton or what is now known as Guangzhou. It was in Canton that overseas traders from Britain, the United States and elsewhere lived and worked in a small enclave, closely regulated by Chinese officials. Trade had mostly been in China's favor, until the widespread introduction of opium, grown mostly in Britain's then-colony India. And it was in Canton that the illegal and highly profitable opium trade flourished.

14. Discovering China: History Traces the history of China from the opium wars and the decline of the Qing Dynasty to the end of the 20th century. http://library.thinkquest.org/26469/history/

History The Cultural Revolution CityScape Contributions ... Interactive History Present search home credits ... guestbook History The Opium War and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty By 1900, the Qing Dynasty had grown weak, having been Influenced by western powers like Britain, France and Japan. It was only a matter of time before the Chinese people called revolution. The Fall of the Qing Dynasty When a rebellion against the government began in 1911, Sun Yatsen was elected president of the new republic, and the Qing Dynasty had seen its final days. Early Years of the Republic (1912-1928) Even though the new government was established, China continued to be suppressed by western powers. Two forces arose during this time that would change historythe Communist Party and the National Party (Kuomintang). Kuomintang and Communist The Kuomintang and the Communist regime starkly contrasted each other in their ideology. The stakes were high, for whoever won on the battle field would control China. War against Japan and World War II War against Japan and World War II began, and despite the bloodshed, China would find itself amidst a civil war.

15. Ch'ing China: The Opium Wars The opium War, also called the AngloChinese War, was the most humiliating defeatChina ever In European history, it is perhaps the most sordid, base, http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHING/OPIUM.HTM

tons of opium into Canton which it traded for Chinese manufactured goods and for tea. This trade had produced, quite literally, a country filled with drug addicts, as opium parlors proliferated all throughout China in the early part of the nineteenth century. This trafficing, it should be stressed, was a criminal activity after 1836, but the British traders generously bribed Canton officials in order to keep the opium traffic flowing. The effects on Chinese society were devestating. In fact, there are few periods in Chinese history that approach the early nineteenth century in terms of pure human misery and tragedy. In an effort to stem the tragedy, the imperial government made opium illegal in 1836 and began to aggressively close down the opium dens. The War The Illustrated Gazatteer of Maritime Countries Illustrated Gazatteer of Maritime Countries Gazatteer Gazatteer that the Europeans had developed technologies and methods of warfare in their ceaseless and barbaric quest for power, profit, and material wealth. Civilization, represented by China, was in danger of falling to the technological superiority of the Western powers. Because China is a peaceful and civilized nation, it can overcome the West only if it learns and matches the technology and techniques of the West. The purpose of the Gazatteer ©1996, Richard Hooker

16. AllRefer.com - Opium Wars (South Asian History) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon opium wars, South Asian history. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/O/OpiumWar.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 24, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South Asian History ... Opium Wars By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z O Opium Wars, South Asian History Related Category: South Asian History Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. See A. Waley

17. First Opium War: Information From Answers.com opium wars, 1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars between China and Western countries . The conflict began a long history of Chinese resentment toward Western http://www.answers.com/topic/first-opium-war

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping First Opium War Encyclopedia Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. Bibliography See A. Waley

18. Second Opium War: Information From Answers.com Second opium War This article is part of the history of Hong Kong series Earlyhistory Imperial China First contacts with the West opium wars. http://www.answers.com/topic/second-opium-war

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Second Opium War Wikipedia Second Opium War This article is part of the History of Hong Kong series Early history Imperial China First contacts with the West Opium Wars First Opium War Second Opium War British colony (pre-war) Founding of crown colony Early 20th century Battle of Hong Kong Japanese occupation British colony (post-war) Transition to PRC rule After 1997 See also: Politics of Hong Kong This article may not conform to the neutral point of view policy. A Wikipedian has nominated this article to be checked for its neutrality. Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. See How to Edit and Style and How-to for help, or this article's talk page The Second Opium War or Arrow War began in and ended in Background The saw the rapid growth of imperialism . Some shared goals of the western powers were to expand their overseas markets and establish new ports of call. The French Treaty of Huangpu and the American Wangxia Treaty both contained clauses allowing renegotiation of the treaties after twelve years. In an effort to expand their privileges in

19. First Opium War -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article First opium War. Categories British rule in Hong Kong, history of Hong Kong,British Empire, wars of the United Kingdom, Chinese wars http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/f/fi/first_opium_war.htm

First Opium War [Categories: British rule in Hong Kong, History of Hong Kong, British Empire, Wars of the United Kingdom, Chinese wars] The First Opium War was a trade-inspired (The waging of armed conflict against an enemy) war between the (A monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland) United Kingdom and the (Click link for more info and facts about Qing Empire) Qing Empire in (A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world) China from 1839 to 1842. It is often seen as the beginning of European imperial hegemony towards China. The conflict began a long history of Chinese resentment toward (Click link for more info and facts about Western society) Western society that still has remnants today. In the early 19th century, trading in goods from China was extremely lucrative for Europeans. But trade to China suffered from the fact that China professed no interest in foreign products, such that it was difficult to find trading goods the Chinese might buy. (A soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography)

20. Second Opium War -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article Second opium War. Categories British rule in Hong Kong, history of Hong Kong,wars of the United Kingdom, Chinese wars, British Empire http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/s/se/second_opium_war.htm

Second Opium War [Categories: British rule in Hong Kong, History of Hong Kong, Wars of the United Kingdom, Chinese wars, British Empire] The Second Opium War or Arrow War began in 1856 and ended in 1860. Background The (The decade from 1850 to 1859) saw the rapid growth of (A policy of extending your rule over foreign countries) imperialism . Some shared goals of the capitalist powers were to expand their overseas markets and establish new (Click link for more info and facts about colonies) colonies (A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe) France and the (The army of the United States of America; organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare) USA demanded revisions in the Treaty of Huangpu and Wangxia Treaty in an effort to expand their privileges in (A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world) China (A monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland) Britain made the same demand citing the "equal treaty" article in the most favored nation status.

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