81. Catastrophism: Man, Myth And Mayhem In Ancient History And The Sciences Man, Myth Mayhem in ancient history and the Sciences All Publications,Aeon Journal, Catastrophism ancient history, Catastrophist Geology, Horus http://www.catastrophism.com/intro/search.cgi?zoom_query=dragon

82. Catastrophism: Man, Myth And Mayhem In Ancient History And The Sciences How does this archive related to ancient history? Read John Crowe s article, TheRevision of ancient history A Perspective http://www.catastrophism.com/intro/index.php

Catastrophism.com Archaeology astronomy biology catastrophism chemistry cosmology geology geophysics history linguistics mythology palaeontology physics psychology religion Uniformitarianism Sat 24 Sep 2005 Home Browse Sign-up Search All FAQ Where: All Publications Aeon Journal Catastrophist Geology Horus SIS Internet Digest Kronos The Age of Velikovsky Mythopedia Website Dragon Science Website Quantavolution books The Dawn of Astronomy The Migration of Symbols The Saturn Myth Other Web sites Suggested Subjects archaeology astronomy biology catastrophism ... etymology Suggested Cultures Egyptian Greek Syrians Roman ... Near East Suggested keywords dating spiral rameses dragon ... Lyell Other Good Web Sites The Electric Universe Thunderbolts Plasma Cosmology Science Frontiers ... ABC Inkjets Low cost ink cartridges ISBN 0-9539862-1-7 Sign-up Log-in Introduction Publications Affiliates More How does this archive related to Ancient History? Read John Crowe's article, The Revision of Ancient History - A Perspective Catastrophes are evident throughout our Solar System and Earth history. Comets and asteroids are usually thought to be the cause, but recent evidence suggests that cosmic plasma plays a crucial role. 99.9% of the universe is plasma (or ionized gas), that can carry electric currents whose forces are a trillion, trillion, trillion times stronger than gravity.

83. Mayan History As usual with ancient nations, it is difficult in the beginning to separate mythfrom The Mayans history of the seventeenth century is chiefly one of http://www.crystalinks.com/mayanhistory.html

MAYAN HISTORY The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, western Honduras, El Salvador, and northern Belize. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations such as the Olmec, the Mayans developed astronomy, calendrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Mayans were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools. They were also skilled farmers, clearing large sections of tropical rain forest and, where groundwater was scarce, building sizeable underground reservoirs for the storage of rainwater. The Mayans were equally skilled as weavers and potters, and cleared routes through jungles and swamps to foster extensive trade networks with distant peoples. Many people believe that the ancestors of the Mayans crossed the Bering Strait at least 20,000 years ago. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Evidence of settled habitation in Mexico is found in the Archaic period 5000-1500 BC - corn cultivation, basic pottery and stone tools. The first true civilization was established with the rise of the Olmecs in the Pre-Classic period 1500 BC -300 AD. The Olmecs settled on the Gulf Coast, and little is known about them.

84. Ancient History Internet Activities Studying ancient history? Try these cool internet activities! DATE The Olmeccivilization flourished around 1000 BC. MAP Central America http://www.geocities.com/hardingpj/ancienthistory.html

F.O.P. / C.H.A.O.S. Homeschoolers F.O.P. / C.H.A.O.S. Homeschoolers Ancient History Internet Activities "A good education for every child does not mean the same education for every child. " This Web Page by Pauline Harding for Art Nurk, hardingpj@yahoo.com Contents of this page may not be copied. Please ask for permission before use. Studying Ancient History? Try these cool internet activities! Week 28 -Aryans of India DATE: The Aryan people probably came into India around 1500 BC. MAP: Ancient India Vocab: Hinduism, caste (in society), Buddhist Mon SW chap 30, 31 Tues USB p 22, 23 Wed . Internet activity www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/History_n2/a.html -Click history on right hand side of page -Click Before 1000BC on left hand side of page Please tell me what other civilizations existed at the same time as the Aryan Invasion in India and hand it in. Thurs Worksheets p 30,31,32,33 Week 29 China DATE: Confucius lived around 550 BC. MAP: The Qin Empire of China Vocab: calligraphy Mon SW chap 32,33

85. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Native Americans Of Middle And South America ancient civilizations – olmec olmec, indigenous people of Mesoamerica, whoestablished one of the region’s first major civilizations. http://encarta.msn.com/related_701509044_4/ancient_civilizations_–_Olmec.ht

var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Related Items from Encarta Native Americans of Middle and South America ancient civilizations – Aztec ancient civilizations – Inca ancient civilizations – Maya ancient civilizations – Mesoamerica ... , indigenous people of Mesoamerica, who established one of the region’s first major civilizations. They lived along the central coast of the Gulf... View article Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Join Now © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

86. Olmec.Mexico For Kids The olmec Heritage. Much of the progress achieved by the olmecs spread throughout Although we are not really sure why, around the year 300 BC, the olmec http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/conquista/olmecas.html

The Olmecs Preclassic period Around the year 1200 BC, in the forests of the modern-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco the Olmecs established the first great Mesoamerican culture. Since this region is very favorable for agriculture, it was possible to sustain the large population that built religious centers like those found at San Lorenzo, La Venta and Tres Zapotes. The Olmecs were skilled sculptors. Although they carved jade figures that were just a few centimeters long, they also made enormous stone figures: heads that are more than two meters high, altars and carved columns. The Olmec Heritage Much of the progress achieved by the Olmecs spread throughou t Mesoamerica In widespread areas such as Guerrero the Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca and the Maya zone, cultural elements of clear Olmec origin have been found, such as the technique of working stone, the observation of the heavens and the cult to certain deities.

87. Mayan Art And Books On PreHispanic Archaeology And Ancient Artifacts Of Precolum Maya Archaeology Home Page, Maya artifacts and olmec jade. Architectural historyof these societies is another educational aspect of studying these http://www.maya-art-books.org/

Home Index Glossary Books Museums Exhibits Art Photo Archives Travel Info For 2005 FLAAR is initiating several new programs in Maya iconography in cooperation with the Museo Popol Vuh. Check back this summer for more information. If you wish to work on any of these projects, we accept volunteers from universities, museums, or individuals who have special talents. Sorry, no short time volunteers (has to be a reasonable period), no volunteers off the street (has to be arranged in advance). Archaeology, Maya art, Mayan pyramid architecture of Guatemala and Honduras with links to related sites and information on the role of digital imaging in archaeological research. This site also offers suggestions for books on the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Aztec, and Maya. Travel information for Mexico, Belize , Honduras, and Guatemala with lists of recommended hotels and Spanish language courses. Precolumbian Mayan art is a fascinating subject and this site offers all aspects of Mayan art, from jade to Mayan hieroglyphs and epigraphy. This site on Mayan art also explores iconography, the study of meaning in art. This site presented by Professor Nicholas Hellmuth, Francisco Marro

88. Archaeology Of The Ancient Mayan Civilization Of Mesoamerica - History Of The Ma Visit Jaguar Sun, a virtual ancient Mayan site, where you can find lots of as the ancient Maya culture began around 300 AD as an offshoot of the olmec http://www.jaguar-sun.com/timeline.html

It is generally believed that what we recognize as the ancient Maya culture began around 300 AD as an offshoot of the Olmec civilization. The central Mexican city of Teotihucan traded with the Maya and its influence can clearly be seen in some Maya sites, such as Tikal. In fact, the collapse of Teotihucan in the sixth century had a notable effect on the Maya, causing a virtual standstill of new construction for several decades. Between 600 AD and 800 AD , the Classic Maya theories have been proposed to explain this "collapse" including: over-population, extensive warfare, revolt of the farmer/laborer class, or any number of devastating natural disasters. Whatever the reason, its effect was contained to the central region By the time of the Conquest, the Maya civilization was in its Post Classic phase and had reverted to an essentially Maya culture in scattered city-states. It was this lack of cohesion that would thwart the Spaniard's attempts to conquer the Maya. Although the Maya have endured repression and persecution in one form or another for the past 500 years, more than 6 million descendants still maintain a culture that is distinctly Maya in areas of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras.

89. Olmecs & Mother Africa The Birth of olmec Culture Mesoamerica s mother culture Most Mormon scholarsbelieve that the Jaredites were the ancient olmecs; the first civilization http://www.carnaval.com/columbus/olmecs.htm

COUNTDOWN to 2012 The year 2012 will be 520 years after Columbus delivered the message of the promised land in 1492 The Birth of Olmec Culture Mesoamerica's mother culture The Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican people to fathom the concept of zero, maintain a calendar, and use a hieroglyphic writing system based on the Manding system of West Africa. These intellectual achievements, as well as Olmec myths and rituals, were influential in the subsequent Maya, Zapotec, and Aztec cultures. O nce we move beyond recognizing the African roots of Mesoamerica's mother culture we come to the more fascinating theories regarding the source of their culture and the cause of the trigger for an immigration representing so much knowledge and talent. T he Toltecs were never conquered and kept good records. Prof. Herman L. Hoeh in his exhaustive Compendium of World History explains the birth of the Olmec civilization by comparing dates with history before Christ. T he first seeds of Olmec culture began in the Americas as the result of Spain expelling the North Africans who had enslaved them in 1892 BC or 3 millenniums prior to 1492. The date has been kept by adding 520 years to the great flood and corresponds with the date of GIANTS arriving in Mesoamerica as recorded by the Toltec historian Ixtlilxochitl.

90. Chontal: Ancient Stone Sculpture From Guerrero, Mexico On Tribalarts.com of the role played by the Guerrero region in the history of ancient Mexico.A new publication Chontal, ancient Stone Sculpture from Guerrero, http://www.tribalarts.com/feature/chontal/

TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... Previous Features VII:1/ Summer/Autumn 2001 by Carlo and Robin Gay Face Panel A fascinating lithic culture, almost unknown today, flourished in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Western Mexico in early pre-Hispanic times. Developing parallel to the equally arcane stone-working tradition of the Mezcala, the Chontal people created a vast array of figurative sculpture apparently intended to accompany the dead in afterlife. Their innovative art prefigures the great Mesoamerican civilizations and is compelling evidence for a reappraisal of the role played by the Guerrero region in the history of ancient Mexico. A new publication Chontal, Ancient Stone Sculpture from Guerrero, Mexico by Carlo and Robin Gay,* finally takes this interesting quesion in hand. With over 200 illustrations, the book provides the reader with a unique view of the corpus of Chontal ritual sculpture, one of the richest and most varied of ancient Mexico. It summarizes almost forty years spent by the late Carlo Gay and his research associate Frances Pratt recording and analyzing some five thousand of these artifacts, now housed in public and private collections around the world.

91. Olmec --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The Online Encyclopedia You Can Tr olmec body First elaborate preColumbian culture of Mesoamerica. Sculpture byolmec artist, 900-600 BC. history of Meso-American Architecture http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9374002

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Olmec Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Olmec Concise Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 First elaborate pre-Columbian culture of Mesoamerica. The Olmec lived in the lowland gulf coast of what is now southern Mexico. Developing a wide trading network, their cultural influence spread north to the Valley of Mexico and south to Central America; later native religions and iconography throughout Mesoamerica have Olmec roots. Their oldest known building site, San Lorenzo, which dates to c.

92. Olmec --  Encyclopædia Britannica olmec the first elaborate preColumbian culture of Mesoamerica, Sculpture byolmec artist, 900-600 BC. history of Meso-American Architecture http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9001608

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Olmec Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Olmec Page 1 of 1 the first elaborate pre-Columbian culture of Mesoamerica, and one that is thought to have set many of the fundamental patterns evinced by later Indian cultures of Mexico and Central America. Olmec... (75 of 302 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Olmec."

93. AncientScripts.com: Links Disclaimer I, Lawrence Lo, the author of ancient Scripts, do not hold any Epiolmec Decipherment, Archaeology article summarizing the discovery and http://www.ancientscripts.com/links.html

Links If you have any interesting sites or know of any please email their addresses it to me. Sites on Writing Systems (by regions) Global: The Lowest Protocol Omniglot - a guide to writing systems Origins of Writing Orthography: Writing Systems of the World ... Proel , better than this site, but in Spanish only! Yahoo's links on Writing Systems West Asia: Akkadian Language Page. Avesta Zoroastrian Archive. A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia , cool site about nearly all aspects Phoenician culture, including Cuneiform Collection , from Science Museum of Minnesota. Evolution of Alphabets , with animated GIF's. Georgian Language , an outline grammar description. Hittite Home Page Key to an ancient tongue , about a Sumerian dictionary that may become online by 2004. Mesopotamian Mathematics One, Two...Three , about how counting evolved in human history. The Origins and Emergence of West Semitic Alphabetic Scripts Some Aspects of Older Writing Systems , about early Phoenician and Hebrew scripts the Phoenician Alphabet Sumerian Language Page.

94. History Of The Maya Retracing the history of the Maya is like finding the solution of a Here,the olmec Long Lipped God is transformed into the Maya rain god Chaac. http://berclo.net/page01/01en-hist-maya.html

Welcome Travelogues History of the Maya The Maya nation is an homogeneous group of people who have occupied roughly the same territory for thousands of years. They speak some thirty languages that are so similar that linguists believe that they all have the same origin, a proto Mayan language that could be as much as 7000 years old! They will will explain how geographical isolation made the original language evolve towards an eastern branch subdivided into proto-K'iche and Mam and a western branch subdivided into proto-Q'anjob and proto-Tzeltal and how the further division of these sub branches gave rise to the 30 languages spoken today. The in situ evolution of their language implies that they were the original permanent inhabitants of the Maya area and suggests that that today's two million Mayas probably share a very ancient common genetic origin. That is quite different from the warlike Aztec and Inca nations who invaded their neighbours and absorbed their populations by imposing their language, customs and religion. The Aztecs were a small ambitious "Chichimec" (savage) tribe from the north west who migrated into new lands, absorbed new ideas, evolved further and grew powerful enough to impose their language and gods (Huitzilopochtli), on the indigenous people they conquered. It is the story of outsiders becoming the governing elite of pre-existing populations for a relatively short time. The Incas of Cuzco were also a short lived foreign elite governing a wide variety of pre-existing nations.

95. The Official Graham Hancock Website: Newsdesk Fossilized plant spores could carry a record of ancient holes in the Earth s The finding undermines the view that the olmec capitol of San Lorenzo near http://www.grahamhancock.com/news/index.php

count = 1; Page: 1 next September 22 2005 (updated September 24 2005) 'Supernatural' the book - details of illustrated public lectures 'Supernatural, the book. Graham Hancock announces details of illustrated public lectures. Details of some of the illustrated public lectures that Graham will give during October and November 2005 in connection with his new book 'Supernatural' are now available. See here For more information on the new book, 'Supernatural' (UK publication date 6 October 2005) See here Follow article link... September 24 2005 Biologists Challenge Conventional Dinosaur Theories Challenge Conventional Dinosaur Theories It was once believed that dinosaurs were simply oversized crocodiles, huge lumbering reptiles that took decades to reach full maturity. Over the past decade, work at UC Berkeley's Department of Integrative Biology has contributed to the transformation of this perception. Dinosaurs are now thought to have been warm-blooded, active creatures with bird-like structure and growth that outpaces today's mammals. But it was an interest in evolution and how the major changes in evolution had occurred, not dinosaurs, which launched UC Berkeley professor of integrative biology Kevin Padian on his current path. Twelve years later, his research has helped to reshape many core beliefs about the kings of the Mesozoic era, while furthering understanding of evolution.

96. Mexico, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum Of The Timeline of Art history is a chronological, geographical, and thematicexploration of 950 BC olmec San Lorenzo loses political power and population. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/cam/ht04cam.htm

Encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico See also Maya Area and Central America Learn more about the geography of Mesoamerica Olmec San Lorenzo loses political power and population. Sixty miles to the southeast, another Olmec center on the floodplain, the island site of La Venta , gains both. Chalcatzingo, in the central Mexican highlands, remodels the natural landscape into a series of broad terraces, and carves ritual scenes in low relief on living rock. At other central highland centers such as Tlatilco and Las Bocas, ceramic vessels and figures in Olmec style are present. Trade networks between important regional centers are considered to be active. They are thought to occasion numerous pan-Mesoamerican cultural similarities. The layout of the ceremonial heart of La Venta A large earthen pyramid is constructed at La Venta, possibly conceived of as a sacred mountain. Burials at La Venta contain significant grave goods. Small carefully fashioned figures, personal ornaments, and celts of green jadeite and other greenstones are among the mortuary offerings.

97. Ancient American Jade | Special Topics Page | Timeline Of Art History | The Metr Carnegie Museum of Natural history, Pittsburgh (2793/72) In ancient Mesoamericanthought, green was the color associated with rain, water, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jade/hd_jade.htm

Related Timeline Content Timelines Mesoamerica and Central America, 2000-1000 B.C. Mesoamerica and Central America, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Mesoamerica and Central America, 1-500 A.D. Special Topics Jade in Mesoamerica Jade in Costa Rica Maps World Map, 2000-1000 B.C. Jade in Mesoamerica Jade in Costa Rica Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh Costa Rica; Nicoya Jade (jadeite); H. 3 5/8 in. (99.3 cm) Discovered at the site of Las Huacas on the Nicoya Peninsula in 1903, this working celt of jadeite shows both polished and unpolished surfaces. The unpolished end was hafted. Enlarge for more detail Arts of the Americas: Features and Exhibitions Permanent Collection Online Resources (Links) Books in the Met Store ... Terms and Conditions

98. Ancient Observatories: Chichén Itzá history On a limestone plateau in the northern region of the Yucatan peninsula Ruins of the temples of this ancient civilization spread from the jungles http://www.exploratorium.edu/ancientobs/chichen/HTML/chichen.html

Mayan Mythology Teacher's Guide HISTORY The Mayan Civilization The Maya originated around 3,000 years ago in present-day Honduras, Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. From around AD 250 to AD 900, the Mayan empire flourished in the southern regions. Around AD 900, the empire in the south collapsed. No one knows why. Scholars have suggested, among other reasons, political upheaval, drought, disease, or overpopulation. But while the empire in the south waned, that in the north, especially in the Yucatan, flourished until the Spanish conquests of the sixteenth century. Exploratorium

99. Ancient World Cultures Internet Resources Link to ancient history General links to websites about ancient Mesopotamia,Egypt, Greece, and Rome. MCC BURIED CITIES AND LOST TRIBES http://www.butte.cc.ca.us/~tben/ancgen/ancgen.html

ANCIENT WORLD GENERAL HISTORICAL RESOURCES Ty Benoit Butte Community College Sites related to the ancient world are added each day to the Internet. It's hard to keep track of all of them! If you come across new ones which you think should be linked, please email me at tben@cin.butte.cc.ca.us or give me the address in class. I will be glad to add it based on your recommendation. To skip to culture specific resources, click here. ABZU - Guide to Resources on the Ancient Near East Links created by the Research Archives of the OrientalInstitute of Chicago. Regional or Subject Indexes and Museum Collections have searchable databases. Archaeology Resources List of links about Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Nubia, and Israel from the WWW Virtual Library on the Middle East. ArchNet: WWW VL - Archaeology Part of the Virtual Library of the World Wide Web. Links to archaeological sites by region or subject area. Includes professional journal articles. Searchable database. Exploring Ancient World Cultures Excellent links to Internet Resources from a college professor in Illinois. One of the first world cultures courses on line.

100. 05.01.96 - Ancient Honduran Village Shows Olmec Ties An ancient Honduran Village Shows olmec Ties The olmec lived on the distantGulf Coast of Mexico, not in Honduras, said Joyce. http://www.berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/1996/0501/olmec.html

An Ancient Honduran Village Shows Olmec Ties 3000-Year-Old Dwelling Site Yields Pottery Style of Distant Mexican Gulf Coast by Gretchen Kell A Berkeley anthropologist has announced the discovery of not only the oldest evidence to date of village life in central Honduras, but of pottery there unexpectedly in the style of the ancient Olmec civilization in Mexico. "We have found the first evidence of Early Formative Period people in the heartland of Honduras, and those people are in contact, unexpectedly, with the Olmec civilization," said Rosemary Joyce, professor of anthropology and director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology. She presented news of the joint Berkeley/Cornell University finds April 13 at a meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The finds at Puerto Escondido reveal a new society taking shape between about 1200 and 900 B.C. across an area from Mexico to Honduras. For the first time, people widely separated by geographyparticularly a new, elite classwere forming long-distance contacts, sharing luxury goods and religious ideas and customs. "The Olmec lived on the distant Gulf Coast of Mexico, not in Honduras," said Joyce. "We believe the early Hondurans must have acquired this well-known Olmec potteryor the skills to make itthrough long-distance trips."

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