61. Ancient/Classical History The Mining Company ancient/Classical history. Static readonly page formats,such as Clyde Winter s essay tracing African influence on olmec writing, http://www.temple.edu/isllc/newfolk/miningco.html

New Directions in Folklore 4.2 October, 2000 Newfolk NDiF Archive Issue 4.2 :: Page 1 Ancient/Classical History: http://ancienthistory.miningco.com/ Page by: N.S. Gill Review by: Lynn Gelfand Indiana University This is arevised version of a review which appeared in the print journal Folklore Forum. 29.2 (1998). It is published here revised by the author and with permission of the editor At first glance, The Mining Company's Ancient/Classical History web site may seem to contain more breadth than depth, but the sheer diversity of the site is stimulating enough. The purpose of the site, declares N.S. Gill, the site's webmaster, is to "shake the dust out of history by making it lively, relevant, and entertaining." Gill succeeds in this goal. The site is interdisciplinary and multi-media in every sense. An analysis of esoteric subjects, such as Gill's essay exploring the hexasigimally-based Babylonian mathematical system, is juxtaposed with Wilson Bertram's review of Sid Meier's popular computer simulation game Civilization II . Static read-only page formats, such as Clyde Winter's essay tracing African influence on Olmec writing, mix freely with interactive online activities, such as Serge Rosmorduc's web page which allows a user to type her/his name phonetically and see what it would look like when written in Ptolmaic hieroglyphs. Text and graphics intertwine: a user can click on a linked picture of a Greek scroll fragment in an essay about Homer and call up a detailed catalogue about the fragment, including its date, content, and material components. Gill skillfully mixes the high and the low, the traditional and the cutting-edge, and word and image to create a fascinating, if at times dizzying, information environment.

62. ECB Surf Report: Ancient Civilizations The BBC s ancient history page highlights Vikings, Romans, Greeks, Egyptians, Sections look at Aztec, Inca, Maya, olmec, and other civilizations, http://www.ecb.org/surf/ancient.htm

Your browser does not support JavaScript. Please use the text version of the archives menu below. Archives text only Contact us if you have questions or suggestions for the Surf Report! The text-only menu provides accessible and printer-friendly access to the Surf Report Archives. Ancient Civilizations: Part 2 (January 2004) This month we continue to explore the art, architecture, science, technology and culture of ancient civilizations. We add sites that focus on ancient cultures of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East and Polynesia to our previous sites on ancient Egypt and Greece. (ECB also provides excellent video resources on Ancient Civilizations for Wisconsin teachers.) General l Africa l Americas l Asia l Middle East l Polynesia l Egypt l Greece General The eMuseum at Minnesota State University provides clearly written descriptions of many ancient cultures, including those of Egypt, Greece, India, Japan, Latin America, and Mesopotamia. It also includes sections on topics such as prehistoric technology, rock art, religions of the world, and more. Art Images for College Teaching is an excellent resource for student projects. All images of art from ancient Africa, China, India, Meso-America, Rome, Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other civilizations may be freely used for educational purposes.

63. UNESCO Collection Of History Of Humanity : Authors spec. ancient history and archaeology of North Africa; Professor, and iconographicaspects of early Mesoamerica and the olmec civilization at the Centre http://www.unesco.org/culture/humanity/html_eng/auteurs4.htm

description of project international scientific committee authors online chapter bibliography and references photo gallery Macdonnald , Alexander W. (United Kingdom) spec. ethnology of Himalayas and Tibet; Honorary Research Director, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris. Volumes: Maczak , Antoni (Poland) spec. modern history of Europe; Professor, Institute of History, University of Warsaw. Volumes: Mahjoubi , Ammar (Tunisia) spec. ancient history and archaeology of North Africa; Professor, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tunis I. Volumes: Maksimovic , Ljubomir (Yugoslavia) spec. Byzantinology, especially history of the society and the State institutions; Professor, University of Belgrade; Research councillor, Institute for Byzantine Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Volumes: Mantran , Robert (France) spec. Ottoman history; Emeritus Professor, Université de Provence; Honorary President of the International Committee of Pre-Ottoman and Ottoman Studies; member of the Institut de France (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres).Deceased.

64. HISTORY OFAFRICAN-OLMECS: BLACKS OF AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS The history of Africans and AfricanAmericans in the United States, Mexico andelsewhere in ancient Sculpure From the olmec Period Showing Keloid Tatoos http://community-2.webtv.net/PABarton/HISTORYOFAFRICAN/page3.html

Gold amulet of Black Egyptian Goddess Hathor, found in the Sinai Region. The Egyptians (Khemites) and Black Moabites were the original inhabitants of the Levant before the expansion of the Semitic and other groups. The land called "Isreal" was called "Fhenkhu" by the Black population of Egypt and was first inhabited by the Moabites and Canaanites, both Black nations. Today there are still descendants of the ancient Canaanites living in Palestine. They are called "The Tribe of Aswad." HEAD OF CANAANITE/PHONECIAN The Canaanites were the people who became known as the 'Phonecians" due to their trade in purple cloth and the murax shell used for dyeing cloth. The Canaanites were Negroid people and descendants of Ham who lived in a land that was originally populated by Negroid people from Egypt (the Moabites). Despite the great lie (The Curse of Canaan) conserning the so-called "curse" that Noah placed on Canaan (curses were supposed to last for only three generations), Canaan is responsible for spreading Black civilization all over the Mediterranean because the Canaanites (Phonecians) were master seafarers who built settlements in many areas from the Indian Ocean to the British Isles. Egyptian Warship This type of warship was used by the ancient Egyptians during the defense of their empire.

65. RW ONLINE:Historical Materialism--Lessons From The History Of Mexico So what you had developing in this ancient olmec civilization was that those And, to take another important example from history, the Temple that was http://rwor.org/a/v22/1090-99/1095/ba1095_mexico.htm

Historical Materialism Lessons from the History of Mexico Part 2: How and Why Classes and the State Emerged By Bob Avakian, Chairman of the RCP,USA Revolutionary Worker #1095, March 18, 2001 posted at http://rwor.org Looking back in history, we can see that, as Marx described, among peoples all over the world the historical development of production led sooner or later to the emergence of classesand the state as an instrument to enforce the rule of one class over others. (Now, it's not the case that literally no early communal societies survived without class divisions and a statethere are even some remaining todaybut increasingly this has become a "marginal" phenomenon in a world dominated by class-divided societies and by ruling classes of exploiters.) When I first entered college (many years ago now!), I had a very deep hatred for a lot of oppression and injustice, and I really felt that even extreme measures were justified to put an end to this. But I didn't have a revolutionary understanding and I was not even a political activist. I had a lot of militant sentiments and I supported a lot of movements and struggles going on, but I hadn't yet become actively involved myself. At the same time, I was really into poetry. One of my favorite poets was John Keats, who was an early 19th-century romantic poet from England. Poets like Keats were called "romantic" poets because, among other things, they rebelled against the excesses of the industrial revolution in places like England and the horrors of child slavery and all this kind of stuffyou can see this in Charles Dickens' novels, including things like

66. Facts On File, Inc. Introduction Origins of Mesoamerican culture; The olmec The ideal of noblebirth; kings and deities Others in Subject World history / ancient history http://www.factsonfile.com/newfacts/FactsDetail.asp?PageValue=Books&SIDText=0816

67. Alibris: Art History Ancient Classical Used, new outof-print books with subject Art history ancient Classical. Art of Mesoamerica From olmec to Aztec more books like this http://www.alibris.com/search/books/subject/Art History Ancient Classical

You'll find it at Alibris! Log in here Over 50 million used, new and out-of-print books! CART ACCOUNT WISHLIST HELP ... SEARCH search in Books Music: All CD Vinyl Movies: All DVD VHS by title / ISBN by author / artist by subject / genre my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Your search: Books Subject: Art History (405 matching titles) Narrow your results by: Eligible for FREE shipping Narrow results by title Narrow results by author Narrow results by subject Narrow results by keyword Narrow results by publisher or refine further Page of 17 sort results by Top-Selling Used Price New Price Title Author Art of Mesoamerica: From Olmec to Aztec more books like this by Miller, Mary Ellen This up-to-date account of the art and architecture of ancient Mesoamerica evocatively summarizes the artistic achievements of the high pre-Columbian civilizationsOlmec, Maya, Teotihuacan, Toltec, and Aztecas well as of their less-famous contemporaries. see all copies from new only from first editions SVS Minoan and Mycenaean Art more books like this by Higgins, Reynold

68. History Subject Specific Study Guide Aztec, China, Egypt, Greece, Mayan, Mesopotamia, Rome, olmec, Prehistory, INTERNET ancient history SOURCEBOOK Extensive site with many links. http://www.cranbrook.edu/schools/library/upper_school/History.html

HISTORY RESOURCES GENERAL ANCIENT MEDIEVAL AMERICAN VIETNAM ... MAPS GENERAL DATABASES Information on home access available in the libraries. FIRST SEARCH Has over 27 databases including: Wilson Select: Full text articles in science, humanities, education and business. GALE VIRTUAL REFERENCE LIBRARY History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide : A six volume e-book. INFOTRAC Most of the following databases cover from 1980 to the present: Newspaper Collections : Full text of 150 national and international newspapers. Only includes the last 12 months of the New York Times - use the Lexis Nexis database (below) if you need to go further back. General Reference Gold : Indexes over 2000 periodicals, most full text, as well as articles from reference books and newspapers. Expanded Academic ASAP : Scholarly journals from many academic disciplines, news magazines, and newspapers, many full text and images. LEXIS-NEXIS SCHOLASTIC UNIVERSE News: Includes The New York Times from 1980, other major U.S. and international newspapers; leading magazines, wire services and broadcast news transcripts. Updated daily. Legal Research : Find federal and state court cases, laws, and law reviews.

69. Mesoamerican Research The people in olmec period Mesoamerica not only managed to build the first can contribute to the understanding and appreciation of the ancient history, http://www.archeologie.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?m=47&c=102

70. Archeology Anomalies By Subjects Electric Battery; Greek Computer; Balances; olmec Lodestone Ccompass Catastrophism, archaeoastronomy, ancient history, mythology and astronomy. Lobster. http://www.science-frontiers.com/cat-arch.htm

Science Frontiers Catalog of Anomalies (Subjects) Strange reports * Bizarre biology * Anomalous archaeology From New Scientist, Nature, Scientific American, etc Archaeology Astronomy Biology Geology Geophysics Mathematics Psychology Physics Catalog of Anomalies (Subjects) Overview Astronomy Biology Chemistry/Physics Geology Geophysics Logic/mathemitics Archeology Psychology Miscellaneous phenomena Other pages Home Page Science Frontiers Online Science Frontiers: The Book Sourcebook Project M ARCHEOLOGY Catalog of Anomalies (Archeology Subjects) Within each of these fields, catalog sections that are already in print are given alphanumerical labels. For example, BHB1 = B (Biology) + H (Humans) + B (Behavior) + 1 (first anomaly in Chapter BHB). Some anomalies and curiosities that are listed below have not yet been cataloged and published in catalog format. These do not have the alphanumerical labels. MA ANTHROPOLOGY MAA PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Polynesian Features Not Asian Blond Eskimos White Africans White Indians in Panama (San Blas, Darien Tribes) Welsh Indians Mandan Origin Red-Haired Nevada Indians Redmen in Africa and Madagascar Amerinds in China White Indians in New Mexico and Northwest Bearded Indians in Brazil Semitic New Guineans Ainu Origin Yellow race in Africa Living Neanderthals [BHE, Human-Neanderthal Hybrids]

71. About Art History - Ancient Art - The Stone Age To The Fall Of Rome ancient Art 30000 BC to c. 400 AD. This section contains art history articles, olmec Art Part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art s Timeline of Art http://arthistory.about.com/od/ancientart/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Art History Timelines of Art History Ancient Art Homework Help Art History Essentials 60-Second Artist Profiles ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Art History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Art History Ancient Art - 30,000 BC to c. 400 AD This section contains art history articles, links and resources for the period covering 30,000 BC (the Old Stone Age) to roughly around the Fall of the Roman Empire. Both Western (including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome, among others) and non-western (China, Japan, India, North America, etc.) civilizations are included. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Outline of Art History - Ancient Art A chronological outline of the different eras and civilizations that created art from 30,000 BC to c.400 AD. Standing Stones An introduction to megalithic sites in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Lots of great images here, especially of Stonehenge. Oriental Antiquities at the Louvre Actually, this online exhibit covers the art of Mesopotamia and Anatolia, among others. Click on the "Selected works" option to view the collections.

72. James Lawton: THE OLMEC ALPHABET OF ANCIENT B.C. MEXICO, THE FINDING OF THE HIV THE olmec ALPHABET OF ancient BC MEXICO THE FINDING OF THE HIV 1 PLANT CURE The history of the olmec alphabet begins in ManchuriaChina and the boats http://www.ampage.com/honduras/honduras12.htm

THE OLMEC ALPHABET OF ANCIENT B.C. MEXICO THE FINDING OF THE HIV 1 PLANT CURE The Phoenician alphabet is of limited value for the purpose I embark on. Simply the Phoenician alphabet (Phoenecian, Phenici) is little more than a series of map areas (each a letter) of the 24,000 mile world beginning at western Alaska and running westerly returning to Alaska. Places in the world to make money. The Greeks adopted the Phoenecian alphabet and closed the letters in and formalized them making them unrecognizable as maps. The ancient homeland of Phoenecia (now the nation of Lebanon) was directly above the lands settled by Asher of the 12 tribes of Israel....Hiram, king of what is now the nation of Lebanon called Solomon, son of king David, brother. The Hebrews often traveled with the Phoenicians and they left the commandments of God handed down to Moses by God chiseled in the stones in our U.S. state of New Mexico. ........Alphabets have their peculiarities. The Egyptian alphabet is composed of birds and animals. Whatever the reason the Chinese set out by sea to make a considerable investment in Africa on the west Africa Mande People coast. The motive driving them was a thrust to the eastern Americas to find that plant that would give them youth. And also find a westerly trade route safer and quicker than the easterly trade route. In the process the west Africa Mande coast population were to form the base population (a population mixed with other Africans, Europeans and Eskimoes as well as Orientals and Austrailians). The Olmec alphabet relates the Europeans of Europe were of one color but socially different from one another and could not be considered level or stable.

73. H-Net Review: Charles C. Kolb olmec to Aztec Settlement Patterns in the ancient Gulf Lowlands. Next, theeditors review the history of settlement pattern research, http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=5171905422539

74. Social Studies School Service Search Results List ancient history SIMULATIONS Replicating events and cultures of antiquity, these25 simulations An informative introduction to the olmec, Mayan, Toltec, http://catalog.socialstudies.com/c/@8WpxtsuR8zMTM/Pages/search.html?Record_Type=

75. Olmec Civilization Bibliography ancient Aztec, olmec, and Mesoamerica Put together by history teachers, thissite links you to other outside sites dealing with olmec art, architecture, http://www.calacademy.org/research/library/naturalist_center/biblio/olmec.htm

OLMEC CIVILIZATION BIBLIOGRAPHY California Academy of Sciences Library World Wide Web Books WORLD WIDE WEB Ancient Aztec, Olmec, and Mesoamerica http://www.historylink101.com/1/aztec/ancient_aztec.htm Put together by history teachers, this site links you to other outside sites dealing with Olmec art, architecture, and more. Magnetometers Aid in Finding America’s Oldest Civilization http://www.breiner.com/sheldon/olmec/ Dr. Breiner’s website on the use of the magnetometer to locate Olmec artifacts. Olmec http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/latinamerica/meso/cultures/olmec.html A brief overview of the Olmec people. The Olmec http://www.mesoweb.com/olmec/ Research supported information on the Olmec as the “mother culture” of Mexico, links to other sites, and concise information. Olmec Civilization http://unix.utb.edu/~paullgj/anthropology/anth4369/Olmec.html Defining characteristics of the Olmec civilization. Olmec Civilization http://www.crystalinks.com/olmec.html Information on the Olmec, including a fairly detailed map, information on their calendar, stone heads, drain systems, and much more. Olmec Links http://www.angelfire.com/tx2/ecc/olmec.html

76. Ancient Maya - Cambridge University Press Chronological frameworks an overview of Mesoamerican culture history, 12 The “olmec civilization” and the “olmec problem”, 62 http://www.cambridge.org/aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521533902&ss=toc

77. Ancient And Medieval History The Internet ancient history Sourcebook is a companion to the Internet MedievalSourcebook and Access texts from the Dumbarton Oaks Center on the olmec, http://www.richmond.ac.uk/resources/library/Subject_Resources/History/Ancient_Hi

Ancient and Medieval History Ancient: Egypt Greece/Rome Near East Far East ... Mediaeval Academic Info - Ancient History Gateway Access Links to ancient history resources. Ancient World Web Access Created and maintained by Julia Hayden. Offers access to resources covering archaeology, art, buildings, daily life, history, language and literature, mythology, religion, philosophy and science. Archaeology online CBA guide Access Part of the World Wide Web Virtual Library this site provides links to national bodies concerned with archaeology, to university archaeology departments, and to archaeology units and trusts. It also includes links to useful Internet sites e.g. virtual tour sites. Argos Access Argos is a peer-reviewed, limited area search engine (LASE) on the World-Wide Web. It is currently offline,but may be revived, but in the meantime it hosts a list of alternative resources. Exploring Ancient World Cultures Access A comprehensive site containing information on many ancient world cultures: China, Egypt, Greece, Near East, India, and Rome, as well as early Islam and Medieval Europe. History Guide / InformationsWeiser Geschichte Access Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Access The Internet Ancient History Sourcebook is a companion to the Internet Medieval Sourcebook and the Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Since there are already ample online repositories of texts for the Ancient and the Modern periods, the goal here is to provide and organize texts for use in classroom situations. Links to the larger online collections are provided for those who want to explore further.

78. Mesoweb Articles Exhibition from MesoWeb seeking to understand human sacrifice among the olmec and Aztec. http://www.mesoweb.com/features/life_death/life00.html

The Spanish Conquistadors, brutal men themselves, were appalled by the bloody human sacrifices of the Aztecs. Rightfully so. The Maya, and the Olmec before them, had equally gruesome rites. Can we hope to understand? Begin Text Only

79. Quetzalcoatl: The Man, The Myth, The Legend Article about the ancient olmec, what is known of their religion, and the origins of the god Quetzalcoatl. http://weber.ucsd.edu/~anthclub/quetzalcoatl/quetzal.htm

Quetzalcoatl: The Man, The Myth, The Legend Introduction Background Map of the Area Pronounciation ... References Introduction Quetzalcoatl. We've all heard the name before. "He's that Feathered Serpent of Ancient Mexico". However, that only answers the WHAT. Ask, WHO he was, and you might get an answer along the lines of an unintelligble stare; or the standard response, "Yeah. He was the guy who was suppose to return from the East to reclaim his power, but the Indians mistook Cortés for him instead". Though it might seem a simple enough question, a far more involved and complicated answer is necessary. First of all, Quetzalcoatl was a god of such importance and power that nearly no aspect of everyday life seemed to go untouched by him. Secondly, as a historical figure, his actions would nor could not be contained by the History and thus eventually evolved into myth. And as a legend, he would signal the end of mortal kingship. An interesting phenomena that distinguished Quetzalcoatl is that despite the fact he is not the most powerful of gods within the Mesoamerican pantheon, or one of the eldest, he is nonetheless an integral part of the system. This was partially accomplished by his ability to integrate himself so securely to attributes of his fellow brethren, to such an extent that it is virtually impossible to tell if Quetzalcoatl was the true originator or vise versa. Hence, to establish a single definitive personality to a god is extremely difficult. Lastly, it must be kept in mind that despite Quetzalcoatl being an Aztec name, the cultures preceding them had their name for him as well, and applying their own unique attributes to him. Consequently, Quetzalcoatl is related to many names and incarnations, and seems to play a prominent role in a pantheon of virtually all the other Mesoamerican deities. Quetzalcoatl himself goes by the names of Gukumatz, Nine Wind, and Kukulcan among others. These are the most common names found in the general Aztec and Mayan cultures, with Quetzalcoatl maintaining a host of avatars with whom he is intimately connected with or represented by. There are also certain gods that Quetzalcoatl is involved with most of the time as well, such as Xolotl, Tlaloc, Xipe, and Tezcatlipoca. These "upper level" gods are either contrary, complimentary, or both at the same time towards Quetzalcoatl, creating a sense of duality around these myths.

80. NONZERO ancient history thus seems like little more than a parade of There are Olmecand Zapotec, and, by the time the Inca and Aztecs occupy center stage, http://www.nonzero.org/chap9.htm

NONZERO THE LOGIC OF HUMAN DESTINY By ROBERT WRIGHT Home Thumbnail Summary Introduction Table of Contents and Excerpts Excerpts from Reviews About the Author Buy the Book Introduction PART I: A BRIEF HISTORY OF HUMANKIND The Ladder of Cultural Evolution The Way We Were Add Technology and Bake for Five Millennia The Invisible Brain ... Degrees of Freedom PART II: A BRIEF HISTORY OF ORGANIC LIFE The Cosmic Context The Rise of Biological Non-zero-sumness Why Life Is So Complex The Last Adaptation PART III: FROM HERE TO ETERNITY Non-crazy Questions You Call This a God? Appendix I: On Non-zero-sumness Appendix II: What Is Social Complexity? Chapter Nine CIVILIZATION AND SO ON Whenever rulers and military classes tolerated merchants and refrained from taxing them so heavily or robbing them so often as to inhibit trade and commerce, new potentialities of economic production arising from regional specialization and economies of scale in manufacture could begin to show their capacity to increase human wealth. —William McNeill There is an old joke about the standard instructions on American shampoo containers, "Lather, rinse, repeat." A man takes the directions literally and spends the rest of his life in the shower—lathering, rinsing, lathering, rinsing, lathering, rinsing.

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