61. NOAA Office Of Response And Restoration Respond to oil spills and chemical accidents, and offer tools and information to emergency responders and other interested people. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Site Search Site Index ... About This Site Welcome to our website! We are pleased to announce that our new website will be launched in October. Here are tools and information for emergency responders and planners, and others working to understand and mitigate the effects of oil and hazardous materials in our waters and along our coasts. Visit our Incident News Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita . Also, see the Sept. 12, 2005 NOAA Magazine article describing our work in combining LIDAR and aerial satellite imagery to create aerial maps of the region. More press releases are available at the NOAA Archived News Releases web page. Update: The charter vessel Casitas , which ran aground on Pearl and Hermes Atoll on July 2nd, was successfully refloated then scuttled on August 4th. More information is available at the U.S.Coast Guard District 14's Public Information Site Charter Vessel Grounds on Pearl and Hermes Reef in NW Hawaiian Islands On July 2nd, 2005, the charter vessel Casitas ran aground on Pearl and Hermes Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Read about the rescue of the crew and divers aboard the vessel, and efforts to remove the fuel, and salvage the vessel and equipment.

62. Marine Environment Protection When an oil spill occurs many different units of measure may be used to describe oil spills spread quickly on the surface of the sea and the area of the http://www.amsa.gov.au/Marine_Environment_Protection/Educational_resources_and_i

contact us site help site map levies and fees ... AMSAs Role in Maritime Environmental Issues You are here: Home Mathematics and Oil Spills Conversion Factors for oil spills When an oil spill occurs many different units of measure may be used to describe the size of the spill. This can be very confusing for the public as often media reports use the largest figure to describe the oil spill. Volumes of Oil barrels x 35 = imperial gallons barrels x 42 = US gallons cubic metres x 264.2 = US gallons cubic feet x 7.481 = US gallons metric tons x 294 = US gallons US gallons x 0.833 = imperial gallons US gallons x 3.785 = litres US gallons x 0.0238 = barrels (or divide by 42) US gallons x 0.0034 = metric tons The amount of oil on the water Sometimes ships need to discharge oily bilges at sea. The current legal limit for this oily discharge is 15 parts of oil to one million parts of water (or 15 parts per million (ppm)). A discharge of 15ppm cannot be seen on the water therefore if you can see an oil spill it is an illegal discharge. When bringing a case to court, authorities need to estimate the amount of oil which may be in the discharge.

63. Sea Empress Oil Spill - The Oil Spill Over the years, a succession of oil spills has affected the waters of the Haven and the adjacent Pembrokeshire coast. The Sea Empress (14K JPEG image) http://www.swan.ac.uk/biosci/empress/oil/oil.htm

The oil spill The oil refining industry became established around Milford Haven during the early 1960's. The naturally deep waters provide berthage for even the largest crude oil supertankers. Over the years, a succession of oil spills has affected the waters of the Haven and the adjacent Pembrokeshire coast. The Sea Empress (14K JPEG image) incident caused what has been by far the largest oil spill in the region, involving the release of the order of 70,000 tonnes of North Sea light crude. She was first holed just outside the mouth of Milford Haven on 15th February, 1996. Further damage was sustained and more cargo released during the ensuing days. The vessel was recovered and towed into Milford Haven, still leaking oil, on the 21st February. Six weeks later the vessel was towed out of the region to a shipyard in Belfast. Satellite image (13K GIF image) taken at 0808 GMT on the 21st February 1996 of the South-West Wales coast during the height of the incident. The image is a 1km AVHRR image processed by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Satellite Receiving Station at Dundee University, and made available by the Regional Remote Sensing Centre, Geography Department, University of Wales Swansea. It is a composite of bands 2, 4 and 5 and shows a long streak of oil spreading eastwards along the coast towards Caldey Island. Note that the warmer water along the coastline further east towards the Gower Peninsula should not be misinterpreted as oil, even though it appears to be of a similar colour on this satellite image.

64. Islands' Oil Spill Association Or IOSA Home Page Island’s Oil Spill Association s mission is to provide a prompt, first line of response and prevention for oil spills in the San Juan Islands and http://iosaonline.org/

IOSA Home Page About IOSA Responder Info ... Your Comments Islands' Oil Spill Association San Juan County, WA Islands' Oil Spill Association (IOSA) provides a first line of response to oil spills in the San Juan Islands. Report Local Spills Scrolling Spill Alert: This marquee is for displaying immediately relevant information when an incident occurs. Welcome to the home page of Islands' Oil Spill Association (IOSA), a community-based, private, nonprofit organization providing training, prompt first response for oil spills, shoreline protection, wildlife rescue and spill cleanup in the San Juan Islands This web site is intended to provide useful and timely information regarding our efforts to our responders and other interested persons. The following list describes the links found at the top of each page. About IOSA helps you learn who we are, what we do and why we do it. Responder Info provides IOSA responders what they need to know such as where to go, who to call, what to bring, etc. You Can Help IOSA even if you are not a trained responder. A variety of opportunities exist to help during and between spills.

65. Oil Spills News And Background Background information and news covering various oil spills. oil spills into rivers, bays, and the ocean are caused by accidents involving tankers, http://greennature.com/article1936.html

@import url("themes/PostNuke/style/style.css"); Green Nature Home Green Nature Photography Green Nature Travel Auction Aid ... Clip Art Search Index AIR Acid Rain Air Pollution Climate Change Ozone Depletion ... Marine Mammals Energy Issues Automobiles Biomass Hydropower Nuclear Power ... Wind Global Issues Environmental Politics Regional Weapons of Mass Destruction Consumers ... Recycling Land Forestry GM Foods Mountains National Parks ... Organic Farming Water Fresh Water Rivers Poll The U.S. should get out of Iraq Immediately By the end of 2005 When the job is finished, however long Other Results Polls Votes: Comments: Oil Spills News and Background Background information and news covering various oil spills. BACKGROUND: An Introduction to Oil Spills Oil spills into rivers, bays, and the ocean are caused by accidents involving tankers, barges, pipelines, refineries, and storage facilities, usually while the oil is being transported to us, its users. In-situ Burning and Oil Spills: FAQs In-situ burning (ISB) involves controlled burning of oil that has spilled from a vessel or a facility, or burning oil on the vessel itself before it has a chance to spill into the environment. Land Run-Off, Small Boats Are Greatest Sources of Oil in Ocean

66. Oil Spills: The Gulf War Fact sheet courtesy of NOAA/HMRAD OIL SPILL CASE HISTORY. oil spills The Gulf War Login/Create an account 0 Comments http://greennature.com/article221.html

@import url("themes/PostNuke/style/style.css"); Green Nature Home Green Nature Photography Green Nature Travel Auction Aid ... Clip Art Search Index AIR Acid Rain Air Pollution Climate Change Ozone Depletion ... Marine Mammals Energy Issues Automobiles Biomass Hydropower Nuclear Power ... Wind Global Issues Environmental Politics Regional Weapons of Mass Destruction Consumers ... Recycling Land Forestry GM Foods Mountains National Parks ... Organic Farming Water Fresh Water Rivers Poll The U.S. should get out of Iraq Immediately By the end of 2005 When the job is finished, however long Other Results Polls Votes: Comments: Oil Spills: The Gulf War Oil was spilled into the Arabian Gulf when the Iraqi Army occupying Kuwait began destroying tankers, oil terminals, and oil wells late in January 1991. Approximately 9,000,000 barrels of oil spilled. Related Resources Oil Spills Home Behavior of Oil Approximately 9,000,000 barrels of oil spilled onto Kuwait lands or into the Arabian Gulf. An estimated third of the total amount of oil released evaporated. Approximately 8,000,000 barrels of oil spilled directly into the Arabian Gulf forming a 600 square-mile oil slick. An unknown amount of the oil sank. Four hundred miles of the western shoreline of the gulf was oiled. The areas between Safaniya and Abu Ali Island in Saudi Arabia were the most severely impacted. Tarmats up to 12 inches thick formed on some of these beaches. Over a million barrels of oil were removed from the Arabian Gulf by April 1991 by cleanup operations. Countermeasures and Mitigation

67. List Of Major Oilspills Compiled By George Draffan Major oil spills. compiled by George Draffan. Endgame. 2002 November. Spain. Prestige carrying 20 million gallons (70000 metric tons) of fuel oil broke up http://www.endgame.org/oilspills.htm

Industrial Disasters Major Oil Spills compiled by George Draffan Endgame 2002 November Spain Prestige carrying 20 million gallons (70,000 metric tons) of fuel oil broke up off the Spanish coast. 2001 January Ecuador Ecuadorean-registered ship Jessica, spilled 175,000 gallons of diesel and bunker oil into the sea off the Galapagos Islands. 2000 June South Africa Some 1,400 tonnes of heavy fuel oil leaked from the bulk carrier Treasure off Cape Town, affecting penguins on Dassen and Robben Islands. 2000 January Brazil A ruptured pipeline spewed about 340,000 gallons of heavy oil into Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. 1999 December France The stern of the Maltese tanker Erika sank off the northwest of Brittany after splitting in two, spilling 25,000 tonnes of viscous fuel oil. 1997 December Sea of Japan Japan Russian tanker Nakhodka spilled 19,000 tonnes of oil after breaking in two in the Sea of Japan. 1996 February UK UK Liberian-registered Sea Empress hit rocks near Milford Haven, Wales, spilling 72,000 tonnes of oil. 1994 October Portugal Portugal Panamanian tanker, Cercal, spilled about 2,000 tonnes of crude into the sea after striking a rock near Leixoes harbour, in Oporto.

68. Coastal Ocean Institute - Oil Spills Coastal Ocean Institute promotes innovative experiments and field expeditions to understand the forces shaping beaches, bays, estuaries, harbors, rivers, http://www.whoi.edu/institutes/coi/currenttopics/ct_oilspills.htm

Explore Another Institute Site Map Contact Index ... Moving Shoreline Oil Spills Embayment Research Groundwater Current Topics Oil Spills Mixing Oil and Water [Oceanus magazine] By John W. Farrington and Judith E. McDowell, Woods Hole Oceanus June 23, 2004 Oil Spill a Bane for Buzzards Bay, a Boon for Coastal Science By Mike Carlowicz, Woods Hole Currents Summer 2003 If any good can come from the recent oil spill in Buzzards Bay, Assistant Scientist Chris Reddy and Research Associate Bob Nelson hope to find it Scientists Respond to Oil Spill Near Woods Hole Bruce Tripp, WHOI In the wake of an oil spill in April 2003 in Massachusetts' Buzzards Bay, WHOI researchers worked to characterize the composition of the oil and its potential for polluting the surrounding harbors, beaches, and marshes. Oil from Spill Lingers in West Falmouth Marsh By Mike Carlowicz

69. Hawke's Bay Regional Council > Civil Defence > Hazard Information > Marine Oil S Marine oil spills are potential humanmade hazards that threaten the Find out about marine oil spills and how they are dealt with in Hawke’s Bay. http://www.hbrc.govt.nz/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=192

70. Pollution Prevention And Oil Spills The DTI s Oil and Gas Directorate deals with licensing and regulation issues, market promotion and the distribution of information regarding the UK s oil http://www.og.dti.gov.uk/information/bb_updates/chapters/Table_chart3_1.htm

Home Environment Pollution Prevention and Oil Spills The following table gives a breakdown of the quantities of oil spilled during the period 1991 to 2004. The total amount of oil spilled during 2004 was 75 tonnes. This table now includes four successful prosecutions from 2003 and 2004. The 124 NON PON reports for 2004 are not included in the total number of oil spill reports, as they are not classed as oil spill's, these consist of Produced Water Sheen Reports that are within legal limits, Shipping Spills etc. Total Amount Spilled (tonnes) Third Party Reports Chemical Reports Non Spill Reports (Non PON’s) Number of Installations Reporting Spills Total Number of Oil Spill Reports Includes one spill of 38 tonnes. Includes one spill of 25 tonnes and another of 22 tonnes. This figure now includes observations from the aerial surveillance programme. Includes spills of 685 tonnes, 29 tonnes and 36 tonnes. Includes one spill of 46 tonnes and another of 35 tonnes. Includes one spill of 45 tonnes. Figure revised to include Hutton TLP 450 tonne (Successful Prosecution). Three successful prosecutions now included.

71. DEQ: Emergency Response Program The marine oil spill preparedness component of the Emergency Response program The marine oil spills portion of the program is funded by fees levied on http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/cleanup/marinespl.htm

Brownfields Databases Dry Cleaners Emergency Response ... Emergency Response Marine Oil Spill Prevention Program The marine oil spill preparedness component of the Emergency Response program exists specifically to prevent and respond to oil spills in Oregon's waters. Such spills pose a major potential threat to Oregon's waters, air, land, and wildlife. The risks are significant. If a spill were to occur in the Columbia, for example, rapid currents and the tidal flux of Oregon's estuaries would cause oil to spread rapidly unless it was quickly contained. A wide variety of sensitive aquatic life and waterfowl and large areas of fragile habitat could be seriously damaged. Fees The marine oil spills portion of the program is funded by fees levied on facilities and vessel trips. The fees were established by the Oregon Legislature in 2001 at these levels: Fee Anticipated transactions per year Cargo vessel trip Tank barge trip Tank vessel trip Facility (annual) Spills The great majority of spills involve petroleum products. While some are spills of cargo, many others are spills of a vessel's own fuel. Oil spills to surface water can result from causes as varied as collisions, equipment failure, overfilling of vessel or facility tanks, pumping bilge water contaminated with oil, and other operator error.

72. Oil Spills - Web Guide - People In Action Web guide to carefully selected resources on ecology, solidarity, personal growth, social change peopleinaction.info. http://peopleinaction.info/oilspills/

Home New Web Guide Ecology ... Ecology : Oil Spills Oil Spills Web Guide Today's Featured Web Site Yahoo! News Full Coverage: Oil Spills Oil spill news. English Prestige Oil Spill - story.news.yahoo.com Related topics Ecology Mareas Negras Board: Oil Spills Topics in this section Prestige Oil Spill Web Sites Web links on Oil Spills , selected by People in Action Google Directory: Oil Spills List of links, ordered by PageRank. English - directory.google.com Intertanko and Bimco: Time has come for global recognition for places of refuge Press release (Nov. 20, 2002) on the Prestige accident, from Intertanko and Bimco, the leading international shipping associations: "This incident highlights the industry's concern surrounding coastal states' continued reluctance to admit ships into ports of refuge. When ships are not granted such refuge, the potential for a serious incident is frequently increased..." English Prestige Oil Spill - www.intertanko.com / artikkel.asp?id=4952 Many news and images of the Spanish massive oil spill from the tanker Prestige . With archives since November 2002. Image: Workers collect oil sludge from A Pedrina, northwestern Spain. (AP).

73. Planet Diary Oil Spill Activity To prepare for oil spills, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminsitration has created Which areas would be most sensitive to an oil spill? http://www.phschool.com/science/planetdiary/background/oilsacti.html

Oil Spill Preparation and Recovery To prepare for oil spills, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminsitration has created Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Maps for the entire U.S. coastline. These maps describe the habitats, animals, plants, and human activities along the shore. The NOAA has also created manuals to help cleanup teams pick appropriate cleanup methods for each situation. In this activity, you will learn some of the features of ESI maps. You will then take a look at how well the Prince William Sound region of Alaska has recovered from the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. Look at this annotated sample ESI map of Breakwater Harbor . What kind of coastal ecosystem is most vulnerable to damage from an oil spill? What kinds of animals are most sensitive to oil damage? How does the oil harm them? Scroll down the page until you see the sample map. On ESI maps, what is indicated by shadings of: red and orange? blue and purple? green? What animal habitats would be harmed by a spill at Breakwater Harbor? List three different kinds of human-use resources that would be affected by a Breakwater Harbor spill.

74. Trade And Environment Analysis Cases Over the past seven years, their has been five major oil spills Exxon Valdez (Alaska), oil spills often have deleterious effects on the ecosystem. http://www.american.edu/TED/projects/tedcross/xoilspl7.htm

TED Analysis Cases OIL SPILLS RESEARCH PAPER NUMBER: X7 RESEARCH PAPER MNEMONIC: XOILSPILL RESEARCH PAPER NAME: Oil, Environment and Trade DRAFT AUTHOR: Jeff Lynch Abstract Issue Background Relevant TED Cases Policy Implications ... Further Information I. Abstract Over the past seven years, their has been five major oil spills: Exxon Valdez (Alaska), Kuwait (Persian Gulf War), Komi (Russia), Braer (Shetland Islands), and Sea Empress (Wales). When they occurred, each spill, for different reasons, was proclaimed as the most environmentally deleterious. However, a majority of these spills (Komi, Braer, and Sea Empress) were mollified by weather conditions; as a result, their ecological destruction was both restricted and tempered. Of these five, four (Exxon Valdez1989, Braer1993, Komi1994, and Sea Empress1996) share a commonality: they either resulted from poorly trained personnel, incompetence, or antiquated equipment. Alas, it is because of the prevalence of these catalysts that statutes must be passed which prevent them from occurring in the future. II.

75. Activity: Earth Science What happens to the water and to animals if oil spills? Research what happened after some recent major oil spills Exxon Valdez at Valdez, Alaska, http://sln.fi.edu/tfi/activity/earth/earth-2.html

Slick Sea Spills Grade Level: Purpose: To gain an understanding of what happens in an oil spill and to develop a greater awareness of taking responsibility for the environment. Background Discussion: Materials: For each pair of students 1 aluminum pie pan half-filled with water A medicine dropper full of used motor oil Cotton balls Nylon String Paper towels Liquid detergent Feathers Lab Notes Give each pair of students the materials and a work sheet on which to record their observations. Ask students to make predictions about the action of oil and water. What do you think will happen to the oil when you drop it on the water? Will it sink, float, or mix in? Which material do you think will clean up the most oil in the least amount of time? Cotton, nylon, paper towel, or string? Have each team create an oil spill by putting five drops of used motor oil in the "ocean" (aluminum pie pan). Let them observe the action of the oil and record what happens. Ask, Were your predictions correct? Ask students to predict the effect of wind and wave action on oil and water. They can stimulate the ocean's behavior by blowing and on and moving the water in the pie pan. What happens?

76. 4: EDUCATION - Oceans & Oil Spills oil spills from offshore production have been insignificant and, Marine oil spills Action Plan (MOSAP) was established by the oil industry in 1971 to http://www.world-petroleum.org/education/ocean/

The petroleum industry's safety record of handling oil and its products in Australia has been excellent and has been maintained throughout the last two decades of rapidly increasing volumes produced and transported in national waters. Oil spills from offshore production have been insignificant and, while there have been some spills arising from shipping accidents, none has had a lasting adverse impact on the marine environment. Nevertheless the Australian oil industry, aware of a concern about the possible impact of oil spills on the marine environment, has stepped up its efforts to protect the ecosystems surrounding its operations. Defence against potential marine pollution is a combination of prevention and cure. In addition to the introduction of more rigorous inspections and safeguards on all its installations and tanker fleets, the industry has established, one of the best equipped marine oil spill response and training centres in the world. Sources of the oil in the sea The risks and responsibilities associated with oil in the sea should be put in their true perspective.

77. Athos 1 Oil Spill Detailed History of DE River oil spills Since 1972 Major oil spills* in the Delaware River and Bay (1975–2004). Spill Name. Date. Location. Product http://www.ocean.udel.edu/oilspill/

document.write(doClock("M0","%20","D1",",%20","Y0")); Information for the Public Presented by the University of Delaware Sea Grant Program The purpose of this Web site is to help address public questions and concerns about the Athos I oil spill that occurred in the Delaware River on Friday, Nov. 26, 2004. an oil spill? Public Safety Public Hearings Official Transcripts What You Can Do to Help For More Information Conferences Click here for the latest reports from the U.S. Coast Guard. On Friday, November 26, 2004, at approximately 9:15 p.m., the 750-foot, single-hull tanker Athos I, registered under the flag of Cyprus, was reported to be leaking oil into the Delaware River en route to its terminal at the CITGO asphalt refinery in Paulsboro, New Jersey. As two tugboats were helping the vessel manuever to its terminal, a routine procedure, one of the tugboat operators noticed oil in the water, and the oil tanker listed eight degrees and lost power. Two punctures in the tanker's hull 1-foot-by-2-foot and 1-foot-by-6-foot in size later were confirmed by Coast Guard divers. Provided by U.S. House of Representatives.

78. Science & Technology At Scientific American.com: Oil Spills Leave Lasting Mark Science and Technology at Scientific American.com oil spills Leave Lasting Mark Science and Technology from Scientific American daily science news and http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000F1170-6D32-1DD1-A060809EC5880106

79. Oil Spills, Thrills And Chills! Five oil spills in the first half of 1990 dumped a total of 1045000 gallons (3000 tons) of heating oil, fuel oil, and crude oil into the Arthur Kill and the http://k12science.ati.stevens-tech.edu/~ryurecko/

Oil Spills, Thrills and Chills! Five oil spills in the first half of 1990 dumped a total of 1,045,000 gallons (3,000 tons) of heating oil, fuel oil, and crude oil into the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull. Important to the prevention of future spills is the "fair tide" rule which gives right of way to the vessel with least maneuverability, stopping marine collisions before they have a chance to happen. The real-time currents and water levels utilized by the Coast Guard to enforce this rule at Bergen Point will serve also to provide the source of real-time information necessary for our students to plot and predict the path of a simulated oil spill. Awareness breeds concern - concern fosters responsibility. Lesson Plans Introduction to the Project Field Trip Environmental /Language Arts Activities Math/Science Activities ... Culminating Activities Created, developed, and facilitated by Franny Mirabelli, Rosalie Moran, Dolores Yurchak, and Rose Marie Yurecko PUBLIC SCHOOL #14 BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY For more information E-mail Rosalie Moran at rmoran@14.bayonne.net

80. Oil Spill Public Information Center is committed to acquiring all materials pertaining to theExxon Valdez oil spill. Additional materials on oil spills in the marineenvironment may be http://arcticcentre.urova.fi/polarweb/polar/lbusospi.htm

ThePolar Web Polar Libraries and Archives United States O IL S PILL P UBLIC I NFORMATION C ENTER CONTACT PERSON: Holba, Carrie A., Director ADDRESS: 3150 C StreetAnchorage, Alaska 99503 United States TELEPHONE: TELEFAX: +1-907 / 271-4742 INTERNET RESOURCES: Web Pages www.arlis.org LIBRARY ACTIVITIES: History of Library: On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez spilled almost 11 million gallonsof crude oil into the Prince William Sound, Alaska. Cleanup, damage assessment,and restoration efforts that followed continue to generate large amountsof scientific and economic information. Recognizing the value of this informationto the public, the U.S. Department of Justice established Oil Spill PublicInformation Center (OSPIC). Administration of the OSPIC currently fallsunder the auspices of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, a sixmember panel representing three Federal and three State of Alaska agencies. DESCRIPTION OF POLAR COLLECTION: The Oil Spill Public Information Center provides public access to informationon the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The OSPIC collection includes informationfor numerous disciplines of the natural and social sciences, economics,and law. Visitors to the OSPIC will find technical reports, books, journals,maps, audio and video tapes, slides, and computerized databases. Specialcollections include: Natural Resource Damage Assessment Studies, shoreline oiling evaluations, a comprehensive collection of newspaper articles indexed in the Western Library Network's PolarPac CD-ROM and the AdministrativeRecord of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council.

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