21. InterMARGINS - Continental Margins Research Equipment Pool Manned submersibles; Remotely Operated Vehicles; Autonomous Underwater School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton oceanography Centre, European Way http://www.intermargins.org/equipment1.html

22. History The studies included underwater oceanography with research submersibles, a surveyof the Indian River Lagoon, coral reef research, and research on life http://www.sms.si.edu/history.htm

SMS Home Site Map General Information Research Interests ... Facilities History What's New? History of SMS At the time of the administrative transfer, the current program of research of the Smithsonian Marine Station was initiated. The program supports the research of visiting Smithsonian scientists and their colleagues, postdoctoral fellows, a resident scientist/director, and the operations of the station including a small support staff (see Staff Directory Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory Project ) and in 1998 by the Link Foundation to support graduate fellowships ( Link Foundation Fellowships In April, 1995 the Smithsonian entered into an agreement with the MacArthur Foundation for the purchase of 8 acres of property near the Fort Pierce Inlet with access easement to the Indian River Lagoon for the purpose of relocating its facilities and program of research to a land-based laboratory. In April, 1996 the purchase was completed and plans begun for construction at the new site (see Site Plan Groundbreaking for the research laboratory building of Phase I of the Site Plan ( Phase I Laboratory ) took place on March 11, 1998. At the groundbreaking ceremony, the Director of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, Robert Fri, announced an official name change for the Station, reflecting its plans for relocation and future commitment, from the former name "Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port" to the current name "Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce.

23. Joint Oceanographic Institutions from the Scripps Institution of oceanography at the University of California,San Diego, and dives to the deep seafloor in research submersibles. http://www.joiscience.org/Bios/kleinrock.html

24. Maritime Topics On Stamps, Submersibles Bathyscaphe Bathyskaph The research submersibles are the first, more peaceful part of the theme On this stamp we can see the bestknown in oceanography, Dr. Robert Ballard. http://www.shipsonstamps.org/Topics/html/tauch.htm

Maritime Topics On Stamps : Research Submersibles! Submarines, Part 1 The 'Trieste' at the deepest point of all oceans! The research submersibles are the first, more peaceful part of the theme 'submarines'. The second part containing the military submarines will follow, see below. The dream of mankind, to explore the dark depths of the oceans, surely is old as the dream of flying. Around the Mediterranian exists a wellknown legend of Alexander the Great: 'The great king sat for 70 days in his boat of glass and had a look at the wonders and the beasts of the deep. During that time he discovered a huge fish. The fish needed three days to pass by.' (stamp to the left) To the right we can see the prototype of the first submarine of the great designer John Philip Holland, the 'Holland No. 1'. In 1878 the tests were completed successfully and he continued to built military submarines. In 1897 the American shipbuilder Simon Lake built the 'Argonaut I'. The boat had a gasoline-driven engine to be able to drive above and below the water surface and real wheels to drive at the bottom of the sea. The crew got fresh air through long pipes leading up to the surface. The sub had an overall length of 36 feet and, in 1898, the boat conducted a succesful voyage from Norfolk to Sandy Hook. The first people who entered the world of eternal darkness and returning alive were William Beebe and Otis Barton. They dived into the deep inside a ball of steel called 'Bathysphere', (Greek for 'deep ball'). The ball had a weight of 2250 kg, a diameter of 4.5ft and the sheets were 3.81cm pure steel. The ball hang from a steel cable, combined with rubber tubing for electricity and a telephone cable. In 1930 they dived down to 1416 feet, in 1932 to 2165 ft, in 1934 to 2979 ft. (When we speak about submersibles, the bathysphere simply is a 'must-tell'.)

25. DMC Faculty my work involves the use of oceanographic research ships and manned submersibles . research interests biological oceanography and biological optics http://server.dmc.maine.edu/research.html

Faculty Postdocs Graduate Students Visiting Investigators Publications ... Data Sets The eight resident faculty at the Darling Marine Center are associated with the University of Maine's School of Marine Sciences . Their research interests range from microbial ecology, biogeochemistry and marine archaeology, to invertebrate taxonomy and ecology, deep-sea biology, and phytoplankon physiology. Over a dozen Orono-based faculty use the Center's facilities on a part-time or seasonal basis to pursue their research interests in the fields invertebrate biology, finfish and shellfish reproductive physiology, and macroalgal physiology and ecology. Listed below are the current research interests of DMC faculty. For further information about their research, current publications, and CV's visit the links provided. Dr. Kevin Eckelbarger Professor, School of Marine Sciences Director, Darling Marine Center Ph.D. Northeastern, 1974 Research interests: reproductive and developmental biology of marine invertebrates; deep-sea biology More info kevine@maine.edu

26. NURP||Mid-Atlantic Bight National Undersea Research Center Deepdiving manned research submersibles. Mar. Tech. Soc. Journal. 3313-25. MS Thesis, Graduate Program in oceanography, Rutgers University. http://marine.rutgers.edu/nurp/publications.html

Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) Center of NOAA's Undersea Research Program Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) Center LEO-15 NOAA's Undersea Research Program Overview ... Contact Us Below is a list of publications, including refereed publications, theses and dissertations, based on research activities supported by Mid-Atlantic Bight Center of NURP and published between 1993 and the present. Refereed Publications Styles R, Glenn SM (2002) Modeling bottom roughness in the presence of wave-generated ripples. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 107:art. no.-3110 Komada, T. and Reimers, C.E. (2001) Resuspension-induced partitioning of organic carbon between solid and solution phases in sediments from a river-ocean transition. Mar. Chem. 76, 155-174. Neuman, M.J., D.A. Witting, and K.W. Able. 2001. Relationships between otolith microstructure, otolith growth, somatic growth, and ontogenetic transitions in two cohorts of windowpane, Scophthalmus aquosus. J. Fish. Bio. 58:967-984

27. Researcher Bios Dr. Youngbluth s research in the field of biological oceanography is currently work employs the Harbor Branch JOHNSON SEALINK research submersibles. http://www.at-sea.org/missions/maineevent/docs/bios.html

RESEARCHER BIOS Marsh J. Youngbluth, Ph.D. Per. R. Flood, Ph.D. Juanita Urban-Rich, Ph.D. Allison Heater ... Rebecca L. Johnson Marsh J. Youngbluth, Ph.D. youngbluth@hboi.edu Dr. Marsh Youngbluth received his Master's degree in Zoology in 1966 from the University of Hawaii, and his Ph.D. in Biology in 1972 from Stanford University. He is a Senior Scientist with the Division of Marine Science at Harbor Branch Oceanographic institution. He has served as a visiting scientist at the University of Bergen, Norway, the Japanese Center for Promotion of Science, and National Center for Scientific Research in France. Dr. Youngbluth has also served as NSF Biological Oceanography Program Director, and as Program manager for the NOAA National Undersea Research Program. Dr. Youngbluth's research in the field of biological oceanography is currently focused on in situ investigations of mesopelagic zooplankton, particularly gelatinous fauna. With respect to siphonophores and medusae, Dr. Youngbluth is interested in their ecological roles as predators in deep-water coastal regimes. Other active projects include studies of large appendicularians as mediators of particle flux and transport in midwater and benthic boundary habitats. Much of Dr. Youngbluth's work employs the Harbor Branch JOHNSON SEA-LINK research submersibles. A firm believer in employing "the right tools for the job," Dr. Youngbluth continues to utilize innovative technologies in the ongoing exploration of the mid-ocean realm.

28. Navy League Of The United States - Citizens In Support Of The Sea Services Navy research and development funding, including the Navy s oceanography R D Using two Russian Mir submersibles a total of nine double dives (both http://www.navyleague.org/sea_power/almanac_jan_03_27.php

Sea Power Current Issue of Sea Power Almanac of Seapower Sea Power Magazine Archive Advertising How to Subscribe Contact Sea Power About Sea Power Almanac 2003 A Year of Peaceful Turbulence A Smorgasbord of Incidents, Events, and Happenings On, Under, and Over the Seas By DON WALSH Dr. Don Walsh served 24 years in the Navy, during which time he served several tours of duty in submarines and oceanographic research-and-development activities. He now heads International Maritime Inc., which he founded in 1975. Despite being called back for a lame-duck session after the 2002 elections, the 107th Congress also adjourned without fully funding the federal government. Only two of the 13 FY 2003 appropriations bills, including the Defense Department Appropriations Bill, had been passed by Congress and sent to the president for his signature before Congress adjourned for the year. Since then, most federal agencies have had to operate under a "continuing resolution" or CR, a legislative device permitting government agencies to continue spending at the funding levels for the previous year. The CR does not permit any new program start-ups, deletions, or changes in funding for ongoing programs. It simply maintains the status quo. The 11 appropriations bills covered in the FY 2003 budget are likely to be passed early in the first session of the 108th Congress. Nonetheless, none of those bills will be ready for the president's signature until more than three months after the fiscal year started. For practical purposes, more than a quarter of a year in new program initiatives has been delayeda matter of considerable concern for agency planners, and for American taxpayers as well.

29. Canadians At Work In The World This was followed by a Ph.D. in oceanography from the Scripps Institution of He has experience with the research submersibles DELTA, ALVIN, SEACLIFF, http://www.enoreo.on.ca/citw/arctic/arctic-bio.htm

Dr. Dale Stokes is a Canadian Oceanographer and a graduate from a doctoral program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. Educational History Dale attended St. Bernard's Elementary School, St. Ignatius (jr. high) and then Hillcrest High School, all in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. He received his B.Sc. (honors) in Biology and Geology from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. This was followed by a Ph.D. in Oceanography from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. Dale then went on to 2 years of post-doctoral work at Stanford University's, Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove, California. He is currently employed as a Project Scientist (Level II) in the Marine Physical Laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Some previous research experiences Dale has participated on 14 oceanographic cruises on numerous vessels including the Sproul, New Horizon, FLIP, DeStiger, Laney Chouest, Wm MacGaw, Thomas Thompson, Atlantis, Atlantis II, Vector. He has experience with the research submersibles DELTA, ALVIN, SEACLIFF, and TURTLE, as well as the rov's ATV and SCORPIO. He has worked on SCUBA research projects in Florida, Caribbean, California, Vancouver Island, Bay of Fundy and McMurdo Sound.

30. MAR 151 Chapter 1 Current and future oceanographic research. The Growth of oceanography o Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV s) are replacing submersibles for some work http://www.marine.usm.edu/mar151/MAR_151_Chap_1.html

Department of Marine Science Academics Course Offerings MAR 151 Syllabus MAR 151 Introduction to Ocean Science Course Learning Objectives - to develop an appreciation for the oceans - to understand what goes on there and how it affects us - to understand what oceanographers do and why - to learn what we do and don't know Logistics of the Course Philosophy: - learn, don't memorize - appreciate the oceans and how we depend on them - apply knowledge to current events and everyday life The book: - More detail than we need; don't get bogged down How to Succeed in MAR 151 Chapter 1 The Growth of Oceanography Paul Pinet Modified by Paula Bontempi, Revised by Denis Wiesenburg, et al. The University of Southern Mississippi (based on work by Nancy Marcus, Florida State University) The Growth of Oceanography o To understand the growth of oceanography we will consider the following topics. - Oceanography: what is it? - Historical review of oceanography - Current and future oceanographic research The Growth of Oceanography o Oceanography is the scientific study of the oceans, including:

31. Science Resources By Subject: Oceanography And Hydrology This site is strong in information about oceanographic research, including data and a description of science operations such as manned submersibles. http://can-do.com/science/oceanography.html

Oceanography and Hydrology Search this site! International Year of the Ocean (YOTO) http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/ "The United Nations has declared 1998 the International Year of the Ocean (YOTO). This designation provides individual organizations and governments with an important opportunity to raise public awareness and understanding of the ocean and related issues." This site provides resources for students, teachers, and reporters. Brochures and a poster may be ordered at no cost. Fact sheets cover such topics as ocean exploration, weather, pollution, coastal development, and fisheries. There are extensive links to ocean related sites. JPL's El Nino Watch http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/ "This page provides images and news releases based on observations of the El Nino phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean by the U.S./French TOPEX/Poseidon and other NASA/JPL satellites and instruments." NOAA El Nino - Southern Oscillation Page http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/ "NOAA is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which has primary responsibilities for

32. AquaStore Over 100 years ago modern oceanographic research was born on board the of the tools used in oceanography, covering research vessels, submersibles, ROVs, http://aquanet.com/aquastore/product_info.php?products_id=30

33. Biblioteca Pública Por Internet: Oceanography/Hydrology This site is strong in information about oceanographic research, captain andrescue and leads to additional information on submarines and submersibles. http://www.ipl.org/div/subject/browse/sci12.50.00/

dqmcodebase = "/javascript/" Subject Collections Business Computers Education ... Oceanography/Hydrology This collection All of the IPL Advanced A science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. Recursos en esta categoría: You can also view Magazines Associations on the Net under this heading. Aquatic Network http://www.aquanet.com/ Aquatic Network calls itself the "Information Service for the Aquatic World. Subject areas covered include aquaculture, conservation, fisheries, limnology, marine science and oceanography, maritime heritage, ocean engineering, and seafood." Bering Sea Climate and Ecosystem http://www.beringclimate.noaa.gov/ This web site of the Bering Sea, one of the world's major fisheries, follows an explosion of interest in Northern Hemisphere climate study. Scientists here recognize a symmetric problem: climate change impacts ecosystems, and ecosystems serve as indicators for climate change. This site describes ecological and climatic indices for the Bering Sea which will serve as measures of climate and ecosystem status: weather, oceanographic and climate data, sea ice data, and fisheries and other biological data. This transitional website contains the main set of time series which will form the basis of a small set of Bering climate/ecosystem indices. International Year of the Ocean http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/

34. Oceanography Oceanographic research entails the sampling of seawater and marine life for close submersibles, and occasionally surface research vessels when detailed http://www.crystalinks.com/oceanography.html

OCEANOGRAPHY Oceanography is a scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of the world's oceans and seas, including their physical and chemical properties, their origin and geologic framework, and the life forms that inhabit the marine environment. Traditionally, oceanography has been divided into four separate but related branches: physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, marine geology, and marine ecology. Physical oceanography deals with the properties of seawater (temperature, density, pressure, and so on), its movement (waves, currents, and tides), and the interactions between the ocean waters and the atmosphere. Chemical oceanography has to do with the composition of seawater and the biogeochemical cycles that affect it. Marine geology focuses on the structure, features, and evolution of the ocean basins. Marine ecology, also called biological oceanography, involves the study of the plants and animals of the sea, including life cycles and food production. Oceanography is the sum of these several branches. Oceanographic research entails the sampling of seawater and marine life for close study, the remote sensing of oceanic processes with aircraft and Earth-orbiting satellites, and the exploration of the seafloor by means of deep-sea drilling and seismic profiling of the terrestrial crust below the ocean bottom. Greater knowledge of the world's oceans enables scientists to more accurately predict, for example, long-term weather and climatic changes and also leads to more efficient exploitation of the Earth's resources.

35. National Governmental Agencies Links oceanographic institution cuttingedge deep-sea research, submersibles; Ocean research institution; global oceanography programme, promotion of http://www.un.org/Depts/los/Links/Gov-Agency.htm

National Governmental Agencies Links Below are links to national Governmental Agencies that deal with oceans and the law of the sea. Entries are in alphabetical order by country. Note: This Site contains links and references to third-party web sites. The linked sites are not under the control of the United Nations, and the United Nations is not responsible for the content of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site. The United Nations provides these links only as a convenience, and the inclusion of a link or reference does not imply the endorsement of the linked site by the United Nations. National Governmental Agencies Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmosfera (CIMA) - ARGENTINA CIMA objective is the expansion of the understanding of the physical processes that control and determine the behaviour of the atmosphere and the ocean, and in particular, El Niño, the greenhouse effect, ozone layer reduction, etc. National Institute for Fisheries Research and Development (INIDEP) - ARGENTINA Programs and research projects in fisheries exploitation and capture AMBIS - Australian Maritime Boundaries Information System - AUSTRALIA Geographic information system containing a national coverage of Australia's maritime limits set in accordance with UNCLOS; explains the processes and calculations undertaken to establish jurisdictional limits of its maritime zones

36. Dr Noel James He helped pioneer the use of research submersibles to study reefs and platform distribution in relation to modern and terminal Quaternary oceanography. http://geol.queensu.ca/people/james/james.html

Noel P. James, F.R.S.C. Ph.D., McGill, 1972 Professor, Queen's University at Kingston Mailing address: Department of Geological Sciences, Miller Hall, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario Phone (613) 533-6170 Fax: (613) 533-6592 Email: james@geol.queensu.ca "The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible" Albert Einstein Noel James has been at Queen's University for ten years, where he teaches about carbonate rocks, petroleum and the geology of North America. Much of this teaching is field based, using localities in the eastern part of the continent and in the Caribbean. He devotes much of his research to understanding the origin of carbonate rocks, principally by investigating modern environments of deposition and applying the concepts learned to the older rock record. This research is a combination of field study, sedimentology, marine geology, stratigraphy, petrography, paleontology and geochemistry. In the past he has worked principally on the paleoecology, sediment dynamics and early diagenesis of warm-water platform carbonates, especially reefs, throughout the geological record. He helped pioneer the use of research submersibles to study reefs and platform margins, established the importance of seafloor cementation, detailed the critical attributes of paleokarst, worked out early Paleozoic platform evolution in the northern Appalachians and documented many of the oldest metazoan reefs. He has authoured and co-edited five books on various aspects of carbonate sediments and the modelling of sedimentary deposits.

37. ñòð 9 Support vessel for deepdiving submersibles 10 Universal research vessels To conduct broader Ocean research, the Scripps Institute of oceanography http://www.oceansatlas.org/unatlas/about/research/other/engineeringinvestigation

ENGINEERING AND OCEAN INVESTIGATIONS ... whatever the use of Ocean resources, development of underwater engineering is necessary for utilising them in future. Academician L.A. Zenkevich Hundreds of research vessels from different countries are constantly making scientific observations on the vast expanse of the Ocean, and thousands of experts study the Ocean with the a diverse and innovative set of instruments. Radio electronics, cybernetics, automation, telemechanics and optics are embodied in the designs of many of the instruments used in modern science and engineering. Ocean investigators, armed with excellent engineering tools, have made many new discoveries in physics, chemistry, biology and geology of the Ocean, furthering the paths to rational use of its riches. BASIC TECHNOLOGY FOR OCEAN RESEARCH An active approach to Ocean Science began in middle of our century. It would be simply inconceivable to make the attempt without the use of new and diverse instruments. The creation of these new tools and vehicles has made possible by using the most advanced achievements in modern science. Ocean research in diverse disciplines is conducted from research vessels and underwater vehicles. Increasingly, value is gained by the use of automatic data collection systems, such as oceanographic buoys and stationary measurement and observation platforms.

38. 481 Geology And Geophysics Division of Physical oceanography, Ocean research Institute (ORI), University ofTokyo. ocean drilling, and sea floor observations using submersibles. http://eels.lub.lu.se/ei/481.html

Engineering E-Library, Sweden 481 Geology and Geophysics 400 Civil Engineering 480 Engineering Geology 481 Geology and Geophysics 481.1 Geology 481.2 Geochemistry 481.3 Geophysics 481.4 Geophysical Prospecting All fields (below) Title URL Description Subject Ei Classification Ei 481 and below All EELS Categories Publication list Table of contents Directory Publication list [ Categories Division of Physical Oceanography, Ocean Research Institute (ORI), University of Tokyo. DE: Earth sciences DE: Oceanography DE: Hydrographic surveys PUBLICATION LIST. DIRECTORY. Partly in Japanese. The study objective is general ocean circulations, in particular shallow circulations such as the Kuroshio Current and deep circulations in the North Pacific, in terms of the kinematic features, variabilities and the roles in formation and distribution of water masses. Development of instruments and methods of ocean measurement. Computer images, Interfaces for hydrographic maps and air-sea interaction maps, Hydrographic map from NOAA Ocean Atlas, Links to other servers of oceanographic data, FAQs on oceanography and meteorology, Cruise reports. Ocean Floor Geotectonics Division, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo

39. DSG Bibliography Entry Author(s) Ballard, RD And Emery, KO Title Title research submersibles in oceanography Journal Marine Technology SocietyJournal Publisher Marine Technology Society, Washington, DC Date 1970 http://dsg.whoi.edu/dsgbibli.nsf/0/67a34b470a74eddf852566aa00699726?OpenDocument

40. Use Of Manned Submersibles In Support Of Oceanographic Research: 1930 – 2002, V Use of manned submersibles in support of oceanographic research 1930 – 2002 The first use of a manned submersible for oceanographic research on the http://vitiaz.ru/congress/en/thesis/62.html

Use of manned submersibles in support of oceanographic research: 1930 – 2002 main supporting organisation committee programme ... photos Our colleagues A. Sagalevich (P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia) D. Walsh (International Maritime Inc., Oregon, USA) The primary advantage of the maimed submersible is that it permits the trained mind and eye to work in situ at great depths m the sea This is especially important in the geological and biological disciplines where "field work" requires the presence of the researcher at the work site. This paper will trace the historical development of these underwater research platforms and the work they have accomplished in the past 70 years. The first use of a manned submersible for oceanographic research on the cable was professor William Beebe's Bathysphere in 1930 – 1934 at Bermuda. Over the next seven decades the manned submersible evolved from bathyscaphs used by the French, US and Soviet navies, 1953 – 1982, to smaller more efficient vehicles, now in service throughout the world. Despite the advent of unmanned remotely operated vehicles (ROV's) and autonomous unmanned vehicles (AUV's) there is still an im­portant role for the manned platform. At present about 12 are operating in support of oceanography worldwide. The history of real free swimming maimed submersibles began with the histori­cal dive of the bathyscaph "FNRS-2" in October, 1948 on 3515 meters depth. Dur­ing the next 55 years more man 150 submersibles were built worldwide and used 35 for scientific research, commercial diving and Navy operations.

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