61. Villanova University - Counseling Center Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. What is OCD? obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder affecting 2-3 % of the population. http://www.studentlife.villanova.edu/counselingcenter/psychtopics/ocd.html

Log on Student Health Center Counseling Center Health and Wellness Education ... Stress Management Select a Section GENERAL INFO - Purpose Who Uses? Services Offered Typical Concerns Meet the Staff Mental Health Websites Miller Analogy Test PERSONAL COUNSELING - Groups Cost Location Scheduling Appointments EMERGENCIES - Student Emergencies Non-Student Emergencies FOR PARENTS - Info for Parents Resources for Parents PSYCHOLOGICAL TOPICS - Adjusting to College Anxiety Disorders Assertiveness Bipolar Disorder Coping with Anger Coping with Trauma Depression Eating Disorders Eating Disorders: Friends Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Relationship Breakup Self Injury Seniors' Transition Sexual Assault Social Anxiety Disorder Stress Management STUDY SKILLS TOPICS - Workshops Concentration Essay Exams Freshmen study tips Learning Tape Note Taking Exam Prep Text Anxiety Time Management Obsessive Compulsive Disorder What is OCD? Obsessions Common types of obsessions include: Doubts: e.g. Did I turn off the stove? Did I lock the door? Imagining causing harm to someone or to oneself: e.g. fears of having run someone over, fears that one could jump off of a high place Imagining behaving in socially inappropriate ways: e.g. impulse to shout out in church, images of sexual behavior with another person

62. An Evolutionary Hypothesis For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Im Fiske, AP Haslam, N, Is obsessivecompulsive disorder a pathology of the human Lopez-Ibor, JJ, Impulse control in obsessive-compulsive disorder A http://cogprints.org/1147/00/ocd-final.htm

An Evolutionary Hypothesis For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Immune System? *Riadh T. Abed, MBChB, MRCPsych, DPM, Consultant Psychiatrist, Rotherham District General Hospital, Moorgate Road, Rotherham S60 2UD , UK; and Honorary Clinical Lecturer, University of Sheffield. Karel W. de Pauw, MBChB, MD, MRCPsych, Consultant Psychiatrist and Senior Clinical Lecturer , St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. * Correspondence : E-mail abed@globalnet.co.uk An Evolutionary Hypothesis for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Immune System? Abstract: A new hypothesis is presented within the framework of evolutionary psychology that attempts to explain the origins of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is suggested that obsessions and compulsions originate from the overactivity of a mental module that the majority of humans possess and has the function of generating risk scenarios without voluntary intervention. It is hypothesised that obsessional phenomena function as an off-line risk avoidance process, designed to lead to risk avoidance behaviour at a future time, thus distinguishing it from anxiety and related phenomena as

63. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder obsessivecompulsive disorders A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well Obsessive compulsive and related disorders are difficult but not http://www.psychologynet.org/ocd.html

64. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which can afflict a person All about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder from schizophrenia.com http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper1/Kaplan.html

Biology 202 1998 First Web Reports On Serendip Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Rachel Kaplan Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which can afflict a person throughout his lifetime: "The individual who suffers from OCD becomes trapped in a pattern of repetitive thoughts and behaviors that are senseless and distressing but extremely difficult to overcome" ( http:www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/ocd.htm ). Obsessions and compulsions are the two main components of this disorder. The former are often highly negative such as an ever-present fear of germs. Compulsions such as repeated handwashings are rituals designed to lessen anxiety produced by obsessions. Depending on the severity, OCD can have an adverse affect on every realm of a person's life. The outlook is optimistic, however, because research has shown that even people suffering from severe OCD may benefit from medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination of the two. Researchers have gained much insight into the cause of the disorder by comparing OCD brains with "normal" brains. There is continued debate about whether OCD is caused by neurobiological factors, environmental influences, or both. There is at least evidence to show that the brains of OCD sufferers differ from "normal" brains in systematic ways: "Recent preliminary studies of the brain using magnetic resonance imaging showed that the subjects with OCD had significantly less white matter than did normal control subjects, suggesting a widely distributed brain abnormality in OCD" (

65. Drug Treatment Of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) [Aug 1995; 18-7] A monthly newsletter about evidencebased health care; top source for such information on the net. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band18/b18-7.html

@import "../styles/advanced.css"; Skip navigation Drug Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common psychiatric condition with a prevalence of up to 1% of adults, in which the patient engages in repetitive actions (compulsions, e.g. hand washing) or trains of thought (obsessions, e.g. counting rituals) which he knows are irrational but which, if he stops, lead to incapacitating anxiety. Standard first line psychiatric treatment is either clomipramine (an older tricylic antidepressant with strong effects on the neurotransmitter serotonin) or one of the newer specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). A recent meta-analysis [1] attempts a systematic review of the evidence for this approach. Systematic review of RCTs Since OCD is a chronic, relapsing and remitting condition, where treatment effects are generally modest, the review is rightly restricted to randomised controlled trials. The authors describe a strategy of computer and manual searching to identify as many as possible, and found as many as 53. Thirty-six were admitted into the analysis, and the reason for each exclusion is described clearly (e.g. "diagnostic criteria not strictly enforced" ( ! )).

66. NAMI | Mental Illnesses obsessivecompulsive disorder occurs when an individual experiences obsessions Welcome to NAMI s Living with obsessive-compulsive disorder community. http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&Template=/ContentManagement/

67. NAMI | Obsessive Complusive Disorder (OCD) These people suffer obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). obsessive-compulsive disorder occurs when an individual experiences obsessions and compulsions http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/

68. Mind > Information > Booklets By Series > Understanding > Understanding Obsessiv This booklet gives a brief introduction to obsessivecompulsive disorder, looks at what support is available and how people can help themselves. http://www.mind.org.uk/NR/exeres/D4E76040-0229-43F6-9D0E-8EEB5A233BDF.htm?NRMODE

69. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). What is obsessive-compulsive disorder? obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthinformation/diseasesandconditions

Skip Navigation home about us referring ... Anxiety Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress ... Phobias Statistics related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), close to 3.3 million Americans have OCD in any given year. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) What is obsessive-compulsive disorder? Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an unreasonable thought, fear, or worry that he or she tries to manage through a ritualized activity to reduce the anxiety. Frequently occurring disturbing thoughts or images are called obsessions, and the rituals performed to try to prevent or dispel them are called compulsions. What are obsessions, as they relate to OCD? Obsessions are irrational thoughts, fears, or worries that frequently recur and cause great anxiety, but cannot be controlled through reasoning. Common obsessions include the following: an extreme preoccupation with dirt or germs repeated doubts (for example, about having turned off the burners on a stove)

70. Virtual Hospital: Clinical Psychopharmacology Seminar: Obsessive Compulsive Diso Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic and sometimes crippling illness Clomipramine treatment of childhood obsessivecompulsive disorder a http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/psychiatry/CPS/37.html

Clinical Psychopharmacology Seminar Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Pharmacotherapy Original Author: Vicki Ellingrod, Pharm.D., BCPP Latest Reviser: Vicki Ellingrod, Pharm.D., BCPP and Janice Worsham Creation Date: 1996 Last Revision Date: June 2005 Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed INTRODUCTION DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The true pathophysiology of OCD is unknown at this time, but many theories have surfaced which are based on what we know has been effective to treat this disease and our knowledge of how these medications work. The role of serotonin (5HT) has been highly questioned and investigated. Since medications that are serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to be effective in OCD, it is believed that changes in 5HT function are critical for the treatment of this disease, and perhaps also play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. The role of serotonin in OCD has been demonstrated in studies using serotonin agonists and antagonists. M-CPP is a 5-HT 1C receptor agonist that also bind to 5-HT2, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT1B receptors. Administering this compound causes acute exacerbations of OCD symptoms, while fenfluramine, which is a 5-HT presynaptic agonist, does not exacerbate symptoms (Chouinard 1992). PHARMACOTHERAPY SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS CLOMIPRAMINE CMI has been studied in at least 21 different controlled trials for the treatment of OCD. In 8 of these trials CMI was tested against placebo alone while in the remainder CMI was tested against other medications such as the SRIs, the TCAs, clonazepam and diphenhydramine. The majority of these studies are summarized in Table One.

71. Symptoms Of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Free information and resources on counselling and psychotherapy, mental health and wellness plus lowcost online therapy. http://counsellingresource.com/distress/anxiety-disorders/obsessive-compulsive.h

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms This section describes the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder employed by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Also see the separate page on ICD criteria for anankastic (obsessive-compulsive) personality disorder Therapy and the Role of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria Special Note on Counselling for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ... Diagnostic Criteria for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Therapy and the Role of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria In my own face-to-face and online therapy practice , I do not treat clients as manifestations of mental illnesses in need of medical fixing. No one is merely a case of bipolar disorder , an obsessive-compulsive , or a paranoid schizophrenic . In my view, formal diagnostic categories hold some value in terms of contextual information, but they play a much less important role than the specific personal circumstances of a given client. If you are a client, you are first and foremost a specific, unique individual. Nonetheless, in my experience of working with clients who have received formal psychiatric diagnoses from other mental health professionals, I have often found that clients feel they lack adequate information about what these diagnostic labels actually mean. The entries in this section aim to provide the basic facts about each of several diagnostic labels. Please note that the diagnostic information provided here is for educational purposes only and cannot replace the advice of a qualified mental health professional.

72. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder obsessivecompulsive disorder is a neurobiological disorder most likely due to a chemical imbalance and structural problems in the brain. http://www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/obsessive_compulsive

Topics Articles Links Free Courses Home Directory 22 Communities What's New ... Free e-Courses Search Suite101.com Within: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Health Member Central Join Our Community! Login SuiteMail What's New ... Become a Feature Writer Discussion Rooms The Forum The Lounge SuiteChat New Topics The Secret Of Intuition Self-Empowerment Eating Disorders Depression ... More... New Articles Abuse and Eating Disorders Fibers and Plant Cells Why Science Failed to Unravel the Mind Development in Preschoolers: What's Normal? ... More... New Discussions High Functioning BPD's A question about your own need to act Never told "I'm beautiful" Checking In ... More... Related Online Courses Hyperthyroid Disorders Prostate Cancer, Coping with Introduction to Infertility More about Suite101 About Suite101.com Advertise With Suite For more information Welcome To: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Home Applied sciences Medicine and health Diseases Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Note: We are actively seeking a new Feature Writer to adopt this Retired Topic. If interested, please Contact

73. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder CHC Wausau Hospital s Medical Library and Patient Education Center provides research services and healthcare information to physicians, http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00058770.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Obsessive-compulsive disorder Definition Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder is the experience of prolonged, excessive worry about circumstances in one's life. OCD is characterized by distressing repetitive thoughts, impulses or images that are intense, frightening, absurd, or unusual. These thoughts are followed by ritualized actions that are usually bizarre and irrational. These ritual actions, known as compulsions, help reduce anxiety caused by the individual's obsessive thoughts. Often described as the "disease of doubt," the sufferer usually knows the obsessive thoughts and compulsions are irrational but, on another level, fears they may be true. Description Almost one out of every 40 people will suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder at some time in their lives. The condition is two to three times more common than either schizophrenia or manic depression, and strikes men and women of every ethnic group, age and social level. Because the symptoms are so distressing, sufferers often hide their fears and rituals but cannot avoid acting on them. OCD sufferers are often unable to decide if their fears are realistic and need to be acted upon. Most people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have both obsessions and compulsions, but occasionally a person will have just one or the other. The degree to which this condition can interfere with daily living also varies. Some people are barely bothered, while others find the obsessions and compulsions to be profoundly traumatic and spend much time each day in compulsive actions.

74. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Description, Criteria, Causes, Symptoms, Treatmen , Criteria, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments and Medications.......obsessivecompulsive disorder http://www.mental-health-matters.com/disorders/dis_details.php?disID=65

75. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Internet resources for persons with OCD, their families, and professionals who work with them. http://mentalhealth.about.com/od/ocd/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zfs=0;zCMt='a14' About Mental Health Resources Mental Disorders ocd Mental Health Essentials Improve Your Mental Health Psych Medications ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Mental Health Resources newsletter! See Online Courses Search Mental Health Resources Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder both involve obsessions and compulsions.  OCD is considered an anxiety disorder, and other disorders such as trichotillomania (compulsive hair pulling) are often considered to be related. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Devil in the Details - OCD from the Inside Out Jennifer Traig writes about her struggle with OCD - the brief review. The Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders There are several disorders that go by this label.  Learn how they differ. OCD Information from NIMH In-depth information on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from the National Institute of Mental Health.

76. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders There are two obsessivecompulsive disorders - OCD and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder. http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/ocd/a/ocds.htm

var zLb=4; var zIoa1 = new Array('Suggested Reading','OCD Resources','http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/ocd/','OCD Information from NIMH','http://mentalhealth.about.com/mh/anx/blocd.htm','Personality Disorders','http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/personaltydisordrs/'); zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zfs=0;zCMt='a14' About Mental Health Resources Mental Health Essentials ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Mental Health Resources newsletter! See Online Courses Search Mental Health Resources Stay up to date! Email to a friend Print this page Suggested Reading OCD Resources OCD Information from NIMH Personality Disorders Most Popular Video Game Violence Cymbalta gets Mixed Reviews Antipsychotic Meds MAO Inhibitors ... Psychiatric Medications - Introduction, Antipsychotics zCMtSav=zCMt;zCMt='a25' adunitCM(140,180,'x51') zCMt=zCMtSav What's Hot Abused Children and Anger Sadness is not Depression Teen Gambling and Subst Abuse What about St. John's Wort? Related Topics Depression Bipolar Disorder Alcoholism / Substance Abuse Panic / Anxiety Disorders ... Abuse / Incest Support adunitCM(150,100,'x55')

77. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An explanation of the potentially disabling mental illness where people develop the anxiety related obsessive compulsive tendencies or OCD. http://my.webmd.com/content/article/60/67109?z=2951_00000_0000_rl_05

78. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). by Jim Chandler, MD, FRCPC More rarely pediatric OCD is accompanied by Body dysmorphic disorder, where a person is http://www.klis.com/chandler/pamphlet/ocd/ocdpamphlet.htm

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by Jim Chandler, MD, FRCPC Part 1 Introduction - What Is OCD? Obsessions Common Obsessions Examples Compulsions Definition Common Compulsions Examples Part 2 How OCD disables a person Time Agony Obsessions or compulsions which make a part of life impossible Example - Charnelle The Course of OCD OCD that comes and goes Example - Jody OCD that comes, but never exactly leaves Example - Tim OCD that changes as fast as the weather Example - Rebecca OCD that snowballs Example - Judy Long Term Course Does OCD turn into something worse? How common is OCD? Example - Jocelyn Co-morbidity Depression Disruptive Behavior Disorders Example - Christian Anxiety Disorders Learning Disorders Tic Disorders OCD spectrum disorders What is the cause of OCD? Genetics Imaging Chemistry Infections Example - Jonathan Diagnosing OCD History Exam Lab Mistakes in diagnosing OCD Missing OCD Diagnosis OCD when it isn't there Treatment Introduction Cognitive Behavior Treatments Medications Treating Co-morbid OCD Support Groups and Information Next What is OCD?

79. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Detailed information obsessivecompulsive disorder, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_adolescent/ocd.cfm

[ Skip Navigation ] Health System Home For Health Answers Healthcare Professionals ... Advanced Search Health System Search Search for Information People UVa Home Health System News Health System Events (all) Health System Publications ... Making a Gift Topics Adolescent Medicine Allergy/Asthma/Immunology Blood Disorders Burns Cancer Common Injuries/Poison Tips Craniofacial Anomalies Dermatology Diabetes/Endo/Metabolism Eye Care Genitourinary/Kidney High-Risk Newborn High-Risk Pregnancy Infectious Diseases Medical Genetics Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Normal Newborns Oral Health Orthopaedics Pediatric Surgery Respiratory Disorders Terminal Illness in Children Transplantation UVa Health Topics A to Z FIND A DOCTOR Adolescent and Teen Psychiatry Child-Parent Attachment General Pediatrics ... WHY CHOOSE UVA Search This Site Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an unreasonable thought, fear, or worry that he/she tries to manage by performing a ritual activity to reduce the anxiety. Frequently occurring disturbing thoughts or images are called obsessions, and the repeated rituals performed to try to prevent or dispel them are called compulsions. During the normal growth and development of children and adolescents, rituals and obsessive thoughts normally occur with a purpose and focus based on age. Preschool children often use rituals and routines around mealtimes, bath, and bedtime to help them stabilize their expectations and understanding of their world. School-aged children normally develop group rituals as they learn to play games, team sports, and recite rhymes. Older children and teens begin to collect objects and develop hobbies. These rituals help children to socialize and learn to master anxiety. A child or adolescent with OCD has obsessive thoughts that are unwanted and related to fears (such as a fear of touching dirty objects) and uses compulsive rituals to control the fears (such as excessive hand washing). When OCD is present, obsessive thoughts cause distress and compulsive rituals can become so frequent or intense that they interfere with activities of daily living (ADLs) and normal developmental activities.

80. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 15, Ch. 187, Anxiety Disorders obsessivecompulsive disorder occurs about equally in men and women and affects Typically, persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder feel compelled to http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section15/chapter187/187d.jsp

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