21. UCB Inertial Fusion Energy Tutorial fusion power addresses the primary concerns for nuclear energy sources, This characteristic of nuclear energy sources, the potential for very high http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/thyd/icf/IFE.html

UCB ICF Target-Chamber Research IFE: A Tutorial on the Technology and Economics Introduction Audience Energy from Fusion How to Build an IFE Power Plant ... ICF Glossary INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY: A TUTORIAL ON THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS Per F. Peterson Professor University of California, Berkeley Scientists have conceived of a number of approaches to harness fusionthe source of energy that heats the starsas a future nonpolluting energy source. These web pages explore one potential route, called inertial confinement fusion , providing a largely nontechnical introduction to the technology. Introduction F usion's promise as an energy source comes from its inexhaustible fuel supply, and from its potential for almost negligible environmental impact compared to the environmental costs of competing energy sources: the air pollution and carbon dioxide emission from fossil fuel combustion; high-level radioactive waste generation from nuclear fission; and the emissions from the production of the larger quantities of concrete, steel, glass and other materials required to collect dilute solar energy. Significant technical barriers must be overcome before fusion could compete economically with these other energy sources. These notes focus on a specific technologyinertial confinement fusion (ICF)and outline reasons to be optimistic that the inertial route to fusion energy also promises economical viability. Thus, besides discussing the basics of fusion reactions, how ICF "targets" work, and what major components would go into an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant, these notes also present the latest economic estimates for IFE power.

22. The Office Of Science -2004 Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) Results of the 2004 Department of energy review of Cold fusion. http://www.sc.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/News_Releases/DOE-SC/2004/low_energy/index.ht

Contact Inventory for Web Publishing Site Map Privacy Policy FirstGov for Science Report of the Review of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Introduction The Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science (SC) was approached in late 2003 by a group of scientists who requested that the Department revisit the question of scientific evidence for low energy nuclear reactions. In 1987 Pons and Fleishmann first reported the production of "excess" heat in a Pd electrochemical cell, and postulated that this was due to D-D fusion (D=deuterium), sometimes referred to as "cold fusion." The work was reviewed in 1989 by the Energy Research Advisory Board (ERAB) of the DOE. ERAB did not recommend the establishment of special programs within DOE devoted to the science of low energy fusion, but supported funding of peer-reviewed experiments for further investigations. Since 1989, research programs in cold fusion have been supported by various universities, private industry, and government agencies in several countries. Review and Process In response to the above request, the Office of Science agreed to a peer

23. University Of California At Berkeley, Nuclear Fusion Home Page nuclear fusion promises clean energy with an essentially infinite fuel supply, harnessing a reaction that also heats the stars. nuclear fusion research at http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/fusion/fusion.html

University of California at Berkeley Department of Nuclear Engineering Nuclear Fusion Section Nuclear fusion promises clean energy with an essentially infinite fuel supply, harnessing a reaction that also heats the stars. Nuclear fusion research at UC Berkeley focuses on four disciplines: Magnetic Confinement Fusion Magnetic fields can confine fusion fuel at temperatures and densities sufficiently high for the fuel to burn. Berkeley research in magnetic confinement fusion focuses on theory, and experiments with the Berkeley Compact Toroidal Experiment. Inertial Confinement Fusion When compressed to a sufficiently high density, the inertia of fusion fuel can confine it long enough to burn. Berkeley research in inertial confinement fusion supports national efforts to reach ignition in ICF targets, and to design power plants to harness energy these targets would produce. Our Tutorial on Inertial Fusion Energy provides a nontechnical introduction to this energy source. Neutron Sources The Rotating Target Neutron Source at U.C. Berkeley provides the largest source of fusion-energy neutrons in North America. Plasma Sciences Plasma sciences research at U.C. Berkeley focuses on the theory and application of plasmas in a range of important uses.

24. The Office Of Science - Home Page 06/28/05, US Statements on International fusion Reactor (ITER) Siting Decision nuclear energy and Science for the 21st Century Atoms for Peace Plus 50 http://www.science.doe.gov/

Contact Web Publishing Inventory Site Map Privacy Policy FirstGov for Science Relief for Researchers Affected by Hurricane Katrina Letter from Dr. Raymond L. Orbach, Director of the Office of Science, to the science community In Memory of John N. Bahcall Tribute to Dr. John N. Bahcall by Dr. Raymond L. Orbach, Director, Office of Science Solar Energy Workshop Report DOE Outlines Research Needed to Improve Solar Energy Technologies Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Solar Energy Utilization, April 18-21, 2005 Rice Genome Sequence International Rice Genome Sequence Effort Completed Multiscale Mathematics Awards New DOE Program Funds $20 Million for Mathematics Research FY 2005 Multiscale Mathematics Research Awards Lawrence Livermore Researchers Capture Four Awards for Industrial Innovation Call for Proposals for High Performance Computing Resources Energy Department Seeks Proposals to Use Scientific Computing Resources at Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge National Laboratories

25. The Office Of Science -2004 Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) revisit the question of scientific evidence for low energy nuclear reactions. Since 1989, research programs in cold fusion have been supported by http://www.science.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/News_Releases/DOE-SC/2004/low_energy/

Contact Inventory for Web Publishing Site Map Privacy Policy FirstGov for Science Report of the Review of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Introduction The Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science (SC) was approached in late 2003 by a group of scientists who requested that the Department revisit the question of scientific evidence for low energy nuclear reactions. In 1987 Pons and Fleishmann first reported the production of "excess" heat in a Pd electrochemical cell, and postulated that this was due to D-D fusion (D=deuterium), sometimes referred to as "cold fusion." The work was reviewed in 1989 by the Energy Research Advisory Board (ERAB) of the DOE. ERAB did not recommend the establishment of special programs within DOE devoted to the science of low energy fusion, but supported funding of peer-reviewed experiments for further investigations. Since 1989, research programs in cold fusion have been supported by various universities, private industry, and government agencies in several countries. Review and Process In response to the above request, the Office of Science agreed to a peer

26. FHSST Physics Atomic Nucleus:Nuclear Fusion - Wikibooks fusion is, therefore, a much more powerful source of energy. initiated research into peaceful applications of nuclear energy and suggested the fusion of http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/FHSST_Physics_atomic_nucleus:Nuclear_Fusion

FHSST Physics atomic nucleus:Nuclear Fusion From Wikibooks The Free High School Science Texts: A Textbook for High School Students Studying Physics. Main Page Inside atomic nucleus Inside atomic nucleus What the atom is made of Nucleus Nuclear force ... Nuclear energy: Nuclear reactors Nuclear energy: Fusion energy Elementary particles Elementary particles: beta decay Elementary particles: Particle physics Elementary particles: Quarks and leptons ... Origin of the universe Contents Fusion energy Thermonuclear reactions Human-made thermonuclear reactions Cold fusion ... edit Fusion energy For a given mass of fuel, a fusion reaction like yield several times more energy than a fission reaction. This is clear from the curve given in Fig. 15.3. Indeed, a change of the binding energy (per nucleon) is much more significant for a fusion reaction than for a fission reaction. Fusion is, therefore, a much more powerful source of energy. For example, 10 g of deuterium which can be extracted from 500 litres of water and 15 g of tritium produced from 30 g of lithium would give enough fuel for the lifetime electricity needs of an average person in an industrialised country. But this is not the only reason why fusion attracted so much attention from physicists. Another, more fundamental, reason is that the fusion reactions were responsible for the synthesis of the initial amount of light elements at primordial times when the universe was created. Furthermore, the synthesis of nuclei continues inside the stars where the fusion reactions produce all the energy which reaches us in the form of light.

27. Plasma Physics And Controlled Fusion Plasma Physics and Controlled fusion (PPCF) invites submissions on the topic of 19591966, Journal of nuclear energy. Part C, Plasma Physics, http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/PPCF

@import url(http://ej.iop.org/style/nu/EJ.css); Quick guide Site map Athens login IOP login: Password: Create account Alerts Contact us Journals Home ... Help This Journal Editorial information Scope Editorial board Author benefits ... Submit an article Related content Linking to IOP journals IOP Select IOP Physics Reviews IOP journal news ... Latest issue (complete) No 10, October 2005 (L41-L48, 1559-1856) Current volume Number 10, October 2005 Number 9, September 2005 Number 8, August 2005 Number 7, July 2005 Number 6, June 2005 Number 5A, May 2005 Number 5, May 2005 Number 4, April 2005 Number 3, March 2005 Number 2, February 2005 Number 1, January 2005 Journal archive Vol 47, 2005 Vol 46, 2004 Vol 45, 2003 Vol 44, 2002 Vol 43, 2001 Vol 42, 2000 Vol 41, 1999 Vol 40, 1998 Vol 39, 1997 Vol 38, 1996 Vol 37, 1995 Vol 36, 1994 Vol 35, 1993 Vol 34, 1992 Vol 33, 1991 Vol 32, 1990 Vol 31, 1989 Vol 30, 1988 Vol 29, 1987 Vol 28, 1986 Vol 27, 1985 Vol 26, 1984 Vol 25, 1983 Vol 24, 1982 Vol 23, 1981 Vol 22, 1980 Vol 21, 1979 Vol 20, 1978 Vol 19, 1977 Vol 18, 1976 Vol 17, 1975

28. Fusion Power - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia the extraction of energy in some useful form from a nuclear fusion reaction, Although fusion power uses nuclear technology, the overlap with nuclear http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power

Fusion power From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Sun is a natural fusion reactor. Fusion power is the extraction of energy in some useful form from a nuclear fusion reaction, that is, by combining two light atomic nuclei into a heavier one with the release of energy. While experiments continue, no actual fusion power generators exist yet that would generate more energy over extended periods of time than needed to drive the experiment. In June 2005, it was announced that the first experimental reactor supposed to do this, ITER , will be built in Cadarache in Southern France Contents Fuel cycle The D-T fuel cycle The D-D fuel cycle The p-11B fuel cycle ... edit Fuel cycle In order for two nuclei to fuse, they must first have enough energy to overcome the repulsive electrostatic force between the two positively charged bodies. All fusion experiments therefore require very high temperatures. If two sufficiently light nuclei come close enough to each other, they may fuse to a single nucleus with a slightly smaller mass than the sum of the two reactant nuclei. The difference in mass is released as energy, following the relationship E mc . (If the two nuclei are too heavy, then the resulting fusion product is heavier than the reactants, and energy is converted into mass; the reverse process of

29. Nuclear Fusion - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia nuclear fusion of light elements is the energy source which causes stars to shine and hydrogen bombs to explode. nuclear fusion of heavy elements is part of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion

Nuclear fusion From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The deuterium tritium fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power In physics nuclear fusion is a process in which two nuclei join, forming a larger nucleus and releasing or absorbing energy . Generally, when the reactants and products are nuclei lighter than iron , energy will be released, while reactions between nuclei heavier than iron (and thus producing a nucleus heavier than iron) will absorb energy; this is because iron has the largest binding energy . Nuclear fusion of light elements is the energy source which causes stars to shine and hydrogen bombs to explode. Nuclear fusion of heavy elements is part of the process that triggers supernovae . Nuclear fusion from stars and supernovae can create all the natural elements. This article deals with the fusion reaction itself. For information on controlling the fusion reaction to produce useful power, see the article on fusion power It takes considerable energy to force nuclei to fuse, even those of the least massive element, hydrogen . But the fusion of lighter nuclei, which creates a heavier nucleus and a

30. EUROPA - Research - Energy - - Fusion Energy of the mission of Nonnuclear energy. fusion energy. Fission and radiation protection......European Commission ? Research energy fusion http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/fu/article_1122_en.htm

en EUROPA European Commission Energy Fusion Energy ... Print version Fusion Energy Introduction to fusion Research Topics Current Programme Activities Interesting and useful links ... Publications Fusion is the powerhouse of the universe. It is the energy source of the sun and other stars. We want to harness the power of fusion on earth for the benefit of mankind. Introduction to Fusion Our mission The goal of European fusion research is to demonstrate the viability of fusion as a future energy option to meet the needs of a growing world population. The abundant and widespread fuel resources, the inherent safety aspects, and the environmental friendliness of fusion are all reasons why Europe and the large nations of the world are pursuing its development as a possible future energy source. Framework Programmes The success achieved to date shows that we are ready to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion by a further major experiment, called ITER, that is essentially the 'core' of a future fusion power station. Collaboration on a global scale is being discussed to construct and operate such an experiment. Find out more Fusion Energy Research in Europe: ITER , an experimental reactor on which a future fusion power station could be based.

31. World Nuclear Association | Information And Issue Briefs | Nuclear Fusion Power fusion power could easily satisfy the energy needs associated with release many times that amount of energy. Safety of nuclear fusion is a major issue. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf66.htm

News About the WNA WNA Charter Nuclear Portal ... General/Sundry Email this article Printable version Nuclear Fusion Power June 2005 Fusion power offers the prospect of an almost inexhaustible source of energy for future generations, but it also presents so far insurmountable scientific and engineering challenges. The main hope is centred on tokamak reactors which confine a deuterium-tritium plasma magnetically. Fusion powers the sun and stars as hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium, and matter is converted into energy. Hydrogen, heated to very high temperatures changes from a gas to a plasma in which the negatively charged electrons are separated from the positively charged atomic nuclei (ions). Normally, fusion is not possible because the positively charged nuclei naturally repel each other. But as the temperature increases the ions move faster, and they collide at speeds high enough to overcome the normal repulsion. The nuclei can then fuse, causing a release of energy. In the sun, massive gravitational forces create the right conditions for this, but on Earth they are much harder to achieve. Fusion fuel - different isotopes of hydrogen - must be heated to extreme temperatures of some100 million degrees Celsius, and must be kept dense enough, and confined for long enough (at least one second) to trigger the energy release. The aim of the controlled fusion research program is to achieve "ignition" which occurs when enough fusion reactions take place for the process to become self-sustaining, with fresh fuel then being added to continue it.

32. Basic Nuclear Science Information In fact, nuclear fusion reactions are responsible for the energy output of most stars, including our own Sun. Scientists on Earth have been able to produce http://www.lbl.gov/abc/Basic.html

ABC's of Nuclear Science Nuclear Structure Radioactivity Alpha Decay Beta Decay ... Antimatter Nuclear Structure An atom consists of an extremely small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons . Although typically the nucleus is less than one ten-thousandth the size of the atom, the nucleus contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom! Nuclei consist of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons held together by the so-called strong or nuclear force. This force is much stronger than the familiar electrostatic force that binds the electrons to the nucleus, but its range is limited to distances on the order of a few x10 meters. The number of protons in the nucleus, Z, is called the atomic number . This determines what chemical element the atom is. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is denoted by N . The atomic mass of the nucleus, A, is equal to Z + N . A given element can have many different isotopes, which differ from one another by the number of neutrons contained in the nuclei. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus equals the number of protons in the nucleus. Since the electric charges of the proton and the electron are +1 and-1 respectively (in units of the proton charge), the net charge of the atom is zero. At present, there are 112 known elements which range from the lightest, hydrogen, to the recently discovered and yet to-be-named element 112. All of the elements heavier than uranium are man made. Among the elements are approximately 270 stable isotopes, and more than 2000 unstable isotopes.

33. Fission And Fusion nuclear energy is contained within the center of the atom in a place known as As an energy source, fusion has several advantages over fission the light http://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/fission.htm

College of Engineering University of Wisconsin - Madison University of Wisconsin Nuclear Reactor Tour Nuclear Energy Atoms are the building blocks from which matter is formed. Everything around us is made up of atoms. Nuclear energy is contained within the center of the atom in a place known as the nucleus . Particles within the nucleus are held together by a strong force. If a large nucleus is split apart (fission) , generous amounts of energy can be liberated. Small nuclei can also be combined (fusion) with an accompanying release of energy. Using this strong force that holds the nucleus together to produce energy is essentially what the field of nuclear power generation is about. In the fission process certain heavy elements, such as some forms of Uranium , are split when a neutron strikes them. When they split, they release energy in the form of kinetic energy (heat) and radiation . The process not only produces energy but also additional neutrons that can be used to fission other Uranium nuclei and start a chain reaction.

34. Nuclear Energy They attributed the excess energy to nuclear fusion. If this were true it would imply. a very fundamental discovery in physics had been made http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Sun/earthnuke.html

Nuclear energy on Earth Nuclear processes can release a million times the energy of a chemical process. For this reason, mankind has tried to make use of this energy source for both military purposes and for power production. Both purposes involve very significant issues of public policy. Exploring these issues would take us too far from study of stars, but we should at least take advantage of what we have learned so far so as to understand the basic facts. There are two kinds of ways that nuclear energy has been used: fission and fusion. Fission Fission involves very heavy nuclei. The big nucleus absorbs a neutron and breaks up, releasing more neutrons. The most important reactions are U + n > two smaller nuclei + more n's naturally occuring uranium is mostly U U is separated from the U with a difficult process. Pu + n > two smaller nuclei + more n's Pu does not occur naturally it can be made in reactors U + n > two smaller nuclei + more n's U does not occur naturally it can be made in reactors Each of these reactions release about 200 MeV of energy.

35. Nuclear Fusion energy Production in the Sun by nuclear fusion. Matter is made of atoms. Here is a tour of the atomic world. We need to know the players in the game and the http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Sun/fusion.html

Energy Production in the Sun by Nuclear Fusion Matter is made of atoms Here is a tour of the atomic world. We need to know the players in the game and the rules that is the particles and their interactions The middle of the Sun is a very hot gas. It is ionized: all of the electrons have been ripped away from the nuclei because it is so hot. The nuclei available are mostly H, quite a lot of He, and a few H and He. (There are a few other types, but they are not so important for us.) What is happening in the middle of the Sun is analogous to burning methane: C H + 2 O > C O + 2 H O In this reaction, the final molecules have less internal energy than the starting molecules. Since energy is conserved, the extra energy is released as energy of motion of the molecules. That is the gas gets hotter. The amount of energy involved is 5.5 eV each time the reaction above happens. As we have seen, much more energy than that must be involved in the reactions inside the Sun and other stars. The evidence is strong that the overall reaction is "burning" hydrogen to make helium: H + 2 e > He + 2 neutrinos + 6 photons In this reaction, the final particles have less internal energy than the starting particles. Since energy is conserved, the extra energy is released as energy of motion of the nuclei and electrons in the solar gas, the production of lots of low energy photons and, finally, the energy of the neutrinos, which just zip right out of the Sun. That is the gas gets hotter and has lots of photons (and neutrinos). The amount of energy involved is 26 MeV = 26 x 10

36. Nuclear Energy Is The Most Certain Future Source. Q. What about power from nuclear fusion. The US Department of energy has a fusion energy research site, and there is also a UK fusion energy site. http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/nuclear-faq.html

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT NUCLEAR ENERGY by John McCarthy This page discusses nuclear energy as a part of a more general discussion of why human material progress is sustainable and should be sustained. Energy is just one of the questions considered. Up to: Main page on why progress is sustainable Incidentally, I'm Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, emeritus (means retired) as of 2001 January 1. Here's my main page . I write about sustainability as a volunteer public service. I am not professionally involved with nuclear energy. Here's a new page on Nuclear Energy Now . It is motivated by the Bush Administration in the U.S. having tentatively re-opened the question of building new nuclear plants in the U.S. I hope they persist and are successful. One of the major requirements for sustaining human progress is an adequate source of energy. The current largest sources of energy are the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas. These are discussed in the main page on energy . They will last quite a while but will probably run out or become harmful in tens to hundreds of years. Solar energy will also work but is not much developed yet except for special applications because of its high cost. This high cost as a main source, e.g. for central station electricity, is likely to continue, and nuclear energy is likely to remain cheaper. A major advantage of nuclear energy (and also of solar energy) is that it doesn't put carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. How much of an advantage depends on how bad the CO2 problem turns out to be.

37. Nuclear Energy: Nuclear Fusion COLUMN Lazy scientists fail to fix energy crisis with nuclear fusion (University Wire). UK spearheads world search for `dream energy of nuclear fusion. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0860069.html

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38. Nuclear Energy nuclear energy, the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and released through Introduction; nuclear Reactions nuclear Fission nuclear fusion http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0836134.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 24, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia nuclear energy nuclear energy, the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and released through fission, fusion, or

39. Nuclear Fusion: Power To The People? | The Register That is, nuclear fusion. Unlike fission, already used to produce most of France s There s enough in a bath to generate all the energy you d need in your http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/06/nuclear_fusion/

Skip to content Biting the hand that feeds IT Channel Register Cash 'n' Carrion Events Downloads SetPromptText('q', 'Search'); Enterprise Software Personal Internet ... Science Reg Shops Reg Mobile Gadgets Reg Books Hosting Reg Offers News Services Reg Newsletters Week's Headlines Reg Mobile Reg Archive ... US Edition Top Stories iPod Nano owners in screen scratch trauma 2GB iPod Nano costs $100 to make - researcher Ballmer's flying chair: the chilling truth Martian snowboarders download imaginary nipples ... Science Nuclear fusion: power to the people? By Charles Arthur Published Wednesday 6th July 2005 11:40 GMT Get breaking Reg news straight to your desktop - click here to find out how Analysis It's G8 week, and climate change is high on the agenda. And now that even George Bush has acknowledged that climate change is (a) happening and (b) is at least partly due to humans but insisted it (c) should be tackled through technology, why not focus again on a technology that's (1) happening and (2) partly controlled by humans? That is, nuclear fusion. Unlike fission, already used to produce most of France's electricity, fusion isn't commercial yet. Even its most positive advocates reckon it'll be more than 25 years before a fusion reactor could contribute usefully to the power grid ("useful" being defined as a steady output of 1 gigawatt; the UK has about 42 GW of installed electric plant).

40. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | France Gets Nuclear Fusion Plant nuclear fusion taps energy from reactions like those that heat the Sun. nuclear fusion is seen as a cleaner approach to power production than nuclear http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4629239.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Newswatch Last Updated: Tuesday, 28 June, 2005, 07:57 GMT 08:57 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version France gets nuclear fusion plant Commissioner Potocnik attended the meeting in Moscow France will get to host the project to build a 10bn-euro (£6.6bn) nuclear fusion reactor, in the face of strong competition from Japan. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (Iter) will be the most expensive joint scientific project after the International Space Station. The Iter programme was held up for over 18 months as parties tried to broker a deal between the two rivals. Nuclear fusion taps energy from reactions like those that heat the Sun. Nuclear fusion is seen as a cleaner approach to power production than nuclear fission and fossil fuels. Rapid construction of Iter will be a major step in the development of fusion as a potential large-scale source of electricity that will not contribute to climate change Prof Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith, UKAEA Officials from a six-party consortium signed the deal in Moscow on Tuesday, for the reactor's location at the Cadarache site in southern France.

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