21. UT - MENIC: Countries And Regions: Sudan: Arts And Humanities: History: Ancient Accounts of Meroe, Kush, and Axum ancient Africa s Black Kingdoms ancient SudanKingdom of Kush at Meroe Kingdom of Kush nubia nubia Its Glory http://menic.utexas.edu/menic/Countries_and_Regions/Sudan/Arts_and_Humanities/Hi

Site Index F.A.Q. Search the Site Suggest a Link ... History Ancient History Archaeology Accounts of Meroe, Kush, and Axum Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms Ancient Sudan: Kingdom of Kush at Meroe ... ThinkQuest: Ancient Nubia Search WWW Search MENIC Center for Middle Eastern Studies The University of Texas at Austin

22. Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival In Africa A leading authority on ancient nubia and Egypt, Dr. O Connor has published Dr. Thomas graduate training in ancient Egyptian art history and a previous http://www.lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/galleries/Exhibits/AncientNubia/AncientNubiaPres

Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa Press Release Africa's diverse and sophisticated Nubian civilization, circa 3100 BC to AD 400, is the subject of a major exhibition, Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa , to open September 29, 1995, at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology , at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor . Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa will run through December 15, 1995. Only a handful of American museums have significant Nubian collections. As a consequence, the exhibition's traveling schedule was booked immediately with a waiting list of more than 20 museums. The Kelsey Museum's Associate Curator of Collections, Prof. Thelma K. Thomas, was one of the very first to reserve one of the exhibitions traveling slots. In 1991, while plans were still being laid, she recognized that Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa promised to be an extremely important exhibition for this generation of museum-goers and scholars interested in the history of Africa. Salvage projects necessitated by the construction of the Aswan Dam in the 1960s saved a number of Nubian monuments from destruction by inundation and enhanced our knowledge of ancient Nubia tremendously. It was not until 1978, in a joint project organized by The Brooklyn Museum and the Loewey Museum of Anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley, that a major exhibition presented this aspect of African history to the public. Public response was overwhelming then. Meanwhile the numbers of interested parties has grown exponentially. Grass-roots reading groups were organized in African-American communities in response to the dearth of presentations of just this type of information.

23. Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival In Africa --ONLINE! ancient nubia Egypt s Rival in Africa and early history of the first AswamDam, and serves as a preface to ancient nubia Egypt s Rival in Africa. http://www.lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/galleries/Exhibits/AncientNubia/

The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology presents Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa This exhibit was organized by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. An additional installation of archive photographs from the collections of the Kelsey Museum depicts the construction and early history of the first Aswam Dam, and serves as a preface to Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa Click here to read the press release for the exhibit. Click here to learn about the first Aswan dam, its effects on the region, and to see some related photographs. Click here to see some artifacts in the exhibit. These artifacts are from the collections of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. For more information, contact the University Museum directly. It should be noted that the quality of these images has been intentionally compromised to discourage their unauthorized use.

24. Ancient Nubia -- Courtesy Of Return To Glory... Badagry, Nigeria Slave Trade history Historical Timeline of ancient Egypt The Pyramid Puzzle Rosetta Stone ancient nubia http://www.freemaninstitute.com/Gallery/nubia.htm

Ancient Nubia Site Map Open Letter Dr. Freeman The Institute ... Huge Ancient Egyptian Photo Gallery THE 1st NUBIAN AGE: 3100 -1000 BC 1550 - 590 BC NAPATAN PERIOD: 590-300 BC In 591 BC, Egypt invaded Kush and Napata was captured and the Kushite king transferred the capital to Meroe, near the sixth cataract creating greater distance between Kush and Egypt. When Persia invaded Egypt at about 525 BC, they stopped at Kush's northern border. Owing to the distance of Meroe to the Northern border, and that Kush posed little threat to the Persians, Kush remained relatively peaceful during this time. However, Napata remained the religious center and royal cemetery of Kush until about 300 when the royal burial site was moved to Meroe, as well, bringing an end to the Napatan Period. TRANSITIONAL PERIOD: 300 - 270 BC While the rulers of Kush were no longer buried at Napata, they still kept allegiance to the Temple of Amon, gradually making the transition to Meroe and the worship of the Kushite god Apedemak.

25. Ancient Nubia -- Courtesy Of Return To Glory... Black Courage Foundation Developing a Black history Museum in DC, Map ofancient Africa The Pyramid Puzzle Rosetta Stone ancient nubia http://www.freemaninstitute.com/nubia.htm

Ancient Nubia Site Map Open Letter Dr. Freeman The Institute ... Black Courage Foundation Developing a Black History Museum in DC, with BCF Galleries in every major American city and selected cities internationally. THE 1st NUBIAN AGE: 3100 -1000 BC 1550 - 590 BC NAPATAN PERIOD: 590-300 BC In 591 BC, Egypt invaded Kush and Napata was captured and the Kushite king transferred the capital to Meroe, near the sixth cataract creating greater distance between Kush and Egypt. When Persia invaded Egypt at about 525 BC, they stopped at Kush's northern border. Owing to the distance of Meroe to the Northern border, and that Kush posed little threat to the Persians, Kush remained relatively peaceful during this time. However, Napata remained the religious center and royal cemetery of Kush until about 300 when the royal burial site was moved to Meroe, as well, bringing an end to the Napatan Period. TRANSITIONAL PERIOD: 300 - 270 BC

26. BBC - History - Ancient Egypt Timeline ancient history Egyptians, bbc.co.uk/history Egyptian empire in Near Eastand nubia; Elaborate tombs of the Valley of Kings; Rule of woman pharaoh http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/timeline.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index SATURDAY 24th September 2005 Text only BBC Homepage History Homepage Topics Ancient Egyptians Greeks British Prehistory ... Anglo Saxons Resources Interactive Content Reading Room Timelines Historic Figures ... History for Kids Practical History Archaeology Family History History Trails Community Messageboard Newsletter About This Site About the BBC ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Ancient Egypt Timeline By Dr John Baines Years Periods / Dynasties Main events 3100-2950 BC Late Predynastic Period Earliest known hieroglyphic writing Foundation of the Egyptian state 2950-2575 BC Early Dynastic Period (1st-3rd Dynasties) Creation of the capital city of Memphis Intensive contact with Palestine The first pyramid is built - the Step Pyramid at Saqqara 2575-2150 BC Old Kingdom (4th-8th Dynasties) The Great Pyramids are built at Dahshur and Giza Pyramids and elite tombs include the first extensive inscriptions 2125-1975 BC 1st Intermediate Period (9th-11th Dynasties) Egypt splits into two smaller states, ruled from Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south 1975-1640 BC Middle Kingdom (11th-14th Dynasties) Mentuhotep reunites Egypt Amenemhat I founds a new royal residence near Memphis Egypt conquers Lower Nubia under Senwosret I and III Classical period of art and literature 1630- 1520 BC 2nd Intermediate Period (15th-17th Dynasties) Hyksos kings seize power in the north Theban 17th dynasty in the south 1539-1075 BC New Kingdom (18th-20th Dynasties) Egyptian empire in Near East and Nubia

27. Travel In Aswan - Egypt - Middle East - History - WorldTravelGate.net®- Very brief history of Aswan (ancient Swen) and its role in Egypt as the gateway to nubia and Africa. http://www.mideasttravelling.net/egypt/aswan/aswan_history.htm

Aswan - H istory Click To Go Back

28. BBC - History - Mummy's Ruin? Health Hazards And Cures In Ancient Egypt ancient history Egyptians, bbc.co.uk/history Material Harm ancient Egyptand nubia as a Source of Information for Violent Cranial Injuries , http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/health_06.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index SATURDAY 24th September 2005 Text only BBC Homepage History Homepage Topics Ancient Egyptians Greeks British Prehistory ... Anglo Saxons Resources Interactive Content Reading Room Timelines Historic Figures ... History for Kids Practical History Archaeology Family History History Trails Community Messageboard Newsletter About This Site About the BBC ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Mummy's Ruin? Health Hazards and Cures in Ancient Egypt By Joyce M Filer Page 6 of 6 1. The environment 2. Life stages 3. Evidence on bones 4. Injury ... Print entire article Find out more Books Disease (in Ancient Egypt and Nubia) by Joyce Filer (British Museum Press, 1995) Health in Ancient Egypt by Joyce M Filer (Duckworth, forthcoming) 'Material Harm: Ancient Egypt and Nubia as a Source of Information for Violent Cranial Injuries', in Archaeological Studies of War and Violence edited by John Carman (Cruithne Press, 1997) 'Hygiene' by Joyce Filer, in Oxford Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egypt (Oxford University Press) Links Minnesota State University: Daily Life in Ancient Egypt The site contains cures for diarrhoea, indigestion and burns.

29. ||The Cradle Of Nubian Civilisation An introduction to many aspects of nubia and its peoples; of particular interest are Chronology of ancient nubia, a timeline; several articles on the history of ancient nubia; and galleries of images of historical sites and artifacts. http://www.thenubian.net/

Read this first! Nubians for development (The Proposed Chartered) English Arabic Nubian Call Call 1 Call 2 Call 3 Call 4 - [new] Not In Our Name English Arabic Old Nubia Nubia today ... Nubian Songs NSDC NSDC UK 1995 (english) NSDC Sudan 2002 (arabic) SOS 'Save the Nubian': The Nubian Tsunami (new!) Appeal to save Nubia in Egypt and Sudan Appeal to save Nubia Deconstructing Nubia ... Chronology of Ancient Nubia Gallery: Old Nubia Lost Nubia Nuba and Nubia: Linguistic Settlements Linguistic Aspects of Greater Nubian History Newsletter: Nobokeen About me Online References Language ... ICGS Reference on Nubian These pages are dedicated to Prof. William Y Adams and Mohd. Osman Wardi. The Nubian Tsunami The Nubian Memo Welcome! I have gathered some basic information on the past and present of Nubia, and the Nubian and put them here for you to explore, review and enjoy. The information in these pages are on Nile Nubian (those who are linguistically classified as speaking two main Nubian language groups: the Nobiin, and the Kenzi/Dungula ) Did you know that there are Several Hundred Thousands Nubian-Nile in this world? This Home Page is to shed light on them , their land, culture, history and civilization 'One of the Greatest African Civilizations' .

30. Nubia The inhabitable areas of nubia of ancient times was at one time too narrow to Through earlier history, we see that the main examples of strong states of http://i-cias.com/e.o/nubia.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Nubia Select a map: Ancient times Today's Nubia Region of modern southern Egypt and northern Sudan , along the Nile , with a history going back 5,000 years in time. The actual borders of Nubia has shifted over time, and peoples of Nubia has formed several kingdoms and civilizations. Today Nubia is defined as the Nile area between Aswan of Egypt and Khartoum , capital of Sudan. Nubia has been bordered by the Red Sea in the east and the Libyan desert in the west. The northern part of Nubia, with its northern borders at the first cataract at Aswan was known as Wawat. The southern end, with its northern borders at second cataract (now inundated by Lake Nasser ) was referred to as Cush by the Egyptians, and as Ethiopia by the ancient Greeks. The name "Nubia" either comes from the Nubian word "nob", gold, or from "nugur" or "nub", meaning black. Both are plausible, Nubia was in ancient times both a great producer of gold mainly for the Egyptian market, and inhabited by blacks. The most known examples of Nubian state structures is the local kingdom of Cush , and the Cushite dynasty ruling over Egypt for 60 years in the 8th and 7th centuries BCE.

31. Ancient Egypt: History The dynasties lost their hold on nubia and the Nile Delta. With the Muslimconquest, the history of ancient Egypt ends, and the history of modern Egypt http://i-cias.com/e.o/egypt_a_6.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Ancient Egypt: History CONTENT INTRODUCTION Religion History 7000-3000 BCE: Gradual desertification of the interior, leading to migrations to the Nile zone. Around 6000: Neolithic culture at the Nabta Playa in the south of Egypt with the oldest calendar in the world. Around 5000: Raising of crops is introduced. Around 4000: Naqada 1 period with larger settlements and more advanced production techniques. Around 3300: Extensive irrigation systems are developed. North and south Egypt is united under King Menes, Narmer or possibly Aha. Early Dynastic / Archaic Period 3150-2686 BCE. 0- 2nd Dynasty. This period of some 400 years was the formative period for the Egyptian civilization. There were great advances in the fields of writing, painting and architecture. Death cult was developed and sophisticated, where royals used mastabas and surrounding complexes for their tombs. The unification of Egypt was not completed through the period, and regional tensions persisted. It was first with King Khasekhemwy that the unification was completed and identities of the two Egypts reconciled. Old Kingdom 2686- 2181 BCE. 3rd- 6th Dynasty.

32. Nubia The history of the nubians is closely linked with that of ancient Egypt. nubia was inhabited by a people called the Nobatae by the ancient geographers http://www.crystalinks.com/nubia.html

The region referred to as Lower Egypt is the northernmost portion. Upper Nubia extends south into Sudan and can be subdivided into several separate areas such as Batn El Hajar or "Belly of Rocks", the sands of the Abri-Delgo Reach, or the flat plains of the Dongola Reach. Nubia, the hottest and most arid region of the world, has caused many civilizations to be totally dependent on the Nile for existence. The regions of Nubia, Sudan and Egypt are considered by some to be the cradle of civilization. Today the term Nubian has become inclusive of Africans, African Arabs, African Americans and people of color in general. The history of the Nubians is closely linked with that of ancient Egypt. Images of early Gods are not unlike those found on heiroglyphs of Egyptian Gods - with heads of animals and birds. More than fifty ancient pyramids and royal tombs rise out of the desert sands at Meroe. They are Sudan's best-preserved pyramids, and one of Africa's best-kept secrets. Unlike Egypt's famous pyramids to the north, the Pyramids of Meroe are not floodlit at night. They do not form the backdrop to a dazzling laser-light multimedia extravaganza. They do not cater to the whims of camera-toting, dollar-wielding tourists. The pyramids are a silent and awesome sight, where the intrepid traveler can soak up their ancient atmosphere in solitude.

33. Life In Ancient Egypt An Introduction to ancient Egyptian history; Egyptian Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology Temples and Tombs of ancient nubia. Thames Hudson, 1987. http://www.watson.org/~leigh/egypt.html

An online resource for students by Leigh T. Denault "Think of it, soldiers; from the summit of these pyramids, forty centuries look down upon you." Napoleon I 1769-1821: speech, 21 July 1798, before the Battle of the Pyramids Table of Contents: An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian History Egyptian Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology About Hieroglyphics The Hieroglyphic Phonetic Alphabet ... Bibliography of Sources for Further Study An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian History Life in ancient Egypt was centered largely on agriculture. The majority of the people were involved in farming, and the growing season lasted eight-nine months. Wheat, fruits and vegetables were the principal crops, although there was some pastoral farming of cattle, sheep, or goats. Farmers in ancient Egypt worked to reach a level of subsistence so that they could feed themselves and pay their taxes. During the annual flooding of the Nile, which typically lasted from July through November, farming was impossible. But when the waters receded, a thick layer of fertile silt over the farmlands remained to insure rich soil for their crops and thick grasses for their grazing animals. The country of Egypt consisted of two narrow strips of arable land lining either bank of the river Nile, from Aswan to the northern Delta. Just beyond the farmlands lay enormous deserts. The Nile was the lifeblood of Egypt. Its cycle of flooding growth, death, and rebirth to new growth became the cycle of everyday life, and also of Egyptian religion and understanding of an afterlife. The people of Egypt were dependent on the river for more than their food. It insured a line of communication and transportation among the provinces of the kingdom. The pharaohs took advantage of the Nile as a means to transport their armies, thus maintaining a strong, unified nation.

34. Tertiary - History 3 ancient history Digital Library Electronic Publications - digital publications of ancient Egypt Site, The ancient nubia BBC history - Egyptians http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/aussieed/terthistory3.htm

Home Site Map Policy Suggestions History Go back to the Tertiary Learning Links Page. Related Pages Aboriginal Australia Archaeology Anthropology World Information Ancient History ABZU Africa Ancient African Empires Ancient Harar and History Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms Kingdom of Kush ... Ancient World Cultures, Exploring Excellent source of information. Cambridge Classics External Gateway to the Humanities Carthage Ancient Carthage Hannibal Barca and the Punic Wars Classical Review [Bryn Mawr] Classics Resources Egypt, Ancient Alexandria, Egypt Ancient Egypt On The Web Ancient Egypt Site Ancient Egypt Site, The ... Resources for the History of Ancient Egypt Etruscans, The Etruscans, The Mysterious Greece, Ancient Alexander the Great Ancient City of Athens Ancient City of Athens, The Ancient Greece ... Japan, Ancient Mapping the Ancient World Classical Atlas Project Interactive Ancient Mediterranean Megalithic Portal, The Mesopotamia Ancient Mesopotamia, Assyria, Babylonia, and Sumer Babylonian Texts of the First Millennium B.C. Code of Hammurabi Epic of Gilgamesh ... Old Persian Texts Middle East, Ancient ABZU Bibliography Byzantium 1 200 Parthian Empire Petra ... Perseus Digital Library, The

35. CyberSleuthkids: Ancient Middle East - Nubia http //byu.edu/ipt/projects/egypt/nubia.html nubia history of Hathor s worshipin ancient Egypt, mythology, hymns, archaeological sites http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/History/Ancient_Civilizations/Ancient_Middle_

Home Fun and Games Science Math ... CLIPART A Great Site to find school related clipart. Over 37,000 pictures, illustration, clipart and images to download!! CLIPART INDEX Clipart History Animals, Dinosaurs ... Central Free Lesson Plans in Math, Social Studies, Art, Language Arts, and Science. Rubrics, Worksheets, and Teacher Productivity Tools!! Math Worsheets Math Flash Cards Online Word Search Stay up-to-date! Sign up for our mailing list Subject Themes Dinosaurs Civil War Educational Software US States ... Ancient Civilizations Clipart Mathematics Explorers Inventors ... Lessons US History Search: Home History Ancient Civilizations Ancient Middle East Nubia Ancient Civilizations Clipart A great selection of ancient civilization clipart and maps.

36. Egypt And The Ancient Near East For Young People And Teachers, Teacher, Educatio This attractive site surveys the history and culture of ancient Egypt, Recommended Reading on ancient nubia Annotated by Oriental Institute Museum http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/ABZU/YOUTH_RESOURCES.HTML

what's new announcements public programs comments ... ORIENTAL INSTITUTE RESEARCH ARCHIVES Egypt and the Ancient Near East Web Resources for Young People and Teachers A project and publication of The Research Archives of the Oriental Institute , Chicago This page is authored, edited and maintained by Alexandra A. O'Brien Please leave a comment in our guest book. For Students Egypt Ancient Near East Non-Egyptian Mummies ... What's New TIP: USE YOUR BROWSER'S "FIND" COMMAND TO HELP YOU FIND A PARTICULAR TOPIC Sites for Young People Sites about Egypt Amsterdam History Projects (Ms Hos-McGrane's Grades 5 and 6 social studies classes) Egypt Ancient Maths including: Egyptian Numerals Sumerian and Babylonian Numerals The Ancient Egypt Site This attractive and colourful site is compiled by Jacques Kinnaer , a Belgian Egyptologist. The History of Ancient Egypt Including pages on each period of Egyptian history from the Early Dynastic to the Graeco-Roman Period Saqqara including: Topography, with maps Historic overview Archaeology Main Field Djoser, Gisr el-Mudir, Great Enclosure, Hotepsekhemwi, Ninetjer, Sekhemkhet, Teti, Unas, Userkaf, Western Massif

37. RECOMMENDED READING : NUBIA Six articles on the history and culture of nubia and nubia s influence on ancient nubia Egypt s Rival in Africa, University of Pennsylvania, 1993. http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/RECREAD/nubiabib.html

what's new announcements public programs comments ... RECOMMENDED READING ON THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST NUBIA Annotated by Oriental Institute Museum Associate Curator Emily Teeter If you purchase any of these or other books by following this link to Amazon or Barnes and Noble a portion of your costs will go to support the Research Archives of the Oriental Institute. Abbreviations: pb: available in a paper bound edition General Reference Books For Younger Readers General Reference Books: Adams, William . Nubia: Corridor to Africa , Princeton Univ. Press, 1977. Comprehensive history of Nubia through the Medieval period. Very readable. Davies, W. Vivian (editor). Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam , The British Museum, 1991. Wide variety of specialized scholarly articles. Expedition Magazine , vol. 35, no. 2, 1993 "An Ancient African Civilization: Nubia," University of Pennsylvania. Six articles on the history and culture of Nubia and Nubia's influence on Egypt and Sub Saharan Africa. Fairservis, Walter B. The Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile , Thomas Crowell, 1962.

38. African History On The Internet - Kingdoms And Ancient Civilizations Vanished Kingdoms of the Nile, The Rediscovery of ancient nubia, 1992 Exhibition . Smithsonian National Museum of Natural history African Voices Site http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/history/hisking.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... History: Kingdoms / Ancient Civilizations African Indigenous Knowledge Systems Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Professor of History, Central Connecticut State University, provides citations to books and links to web sites relating to the, "Background History of Africa, African Food Processing Techniques, African Textile Techniques, African Metallurgy, Colonialism and Africa's Technology, and Mathematics in pre-colonial Hausaland, West Africa. http://www.africahistory.net African Mathematical Union. Commission on the History of Mathematics in Africa Includes issues of their newsletter, articles on " The Ancients ", pages on mathematics in Ghana, Namibia, Nigeria Zambia, Zimbabwe, profiles of African mathematicians. The newsletter has bibliographies and web sites. Maintained by Scott W. Williams, Professor, Mathematics Dept., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo. [KF] http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amuchma_online.html African Timelines http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimelinetoc.htm

39. World History Blog: Ancient Nubia ancient nubia Explores the history and culture of ancient nubia which existed intime along with the Egyptian Kingdom. Studies include Bronze Age nubia and http://world-history-blog.blogspot.com/2004/04/ancient-nubia.html

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7306557"); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/1.css); Notify Blogger about objectionable content. What does this mean? BlogThis! World History Blog Blog that features different aspects of world history. I can't cover it all but sites dealing with any historical issue or topic are possible future posts. Also includes sites which discuss teaching history. Some descriptions for sites are taken from the Open Directory Project. Thursday, April 29, 2004 Ancient Nubia Ancient Nubia Explores the history and culture of ancient Nubia which existed in time along with the Egyptian Kingdom. Studies include Bronze Age Nubia and the Kingdom of Kush. From the site: In ancient times, the people living along the banks of the river Nile developed sophisticated civilizations. Ancient Egypt, stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean Sea, is probably the most well-known ancient culture in this area. This web page illustrates the art and life-styles of a less well-known groups of people, the Nubian's. The Nubian's inhabited the area along the river Nile from the First Cataract south to the Sixth Cataract. The cataracts serve as markers of Nubia's borders. The First Cataract, just to the south of Aswan, marks the northern boundary of Nubia. The southern border, though it fluctuated over time, lies near the Sixth Cataract. The eastern and western borders are generally marked by the extent of the cultivated fields on either side of the river. The cataracts also divide Nubia into different zones, which differ from one to another topographically. Nubia is generally divided into Lower Nubia, Upper Nubia, and Southern Nubia.

40. Ancient African Empires By History Link 101 ancient African Empires. history Link 101 s African Empires Page connects you to InDepth resources on Ghana, Mali, Songhai, nubia, Askum and Ethiopia http://www.historylink101.com/africa.htm

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