1. History Of Nubia A brief history of Nubia, beautifully illustrated with many color images, by Prof. Stuart Smith, University of California, Santa Barbara; links to http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Ancient Nubia Explores the history and culture of ancient Nubia which existed in time along with the Egyptian Kingdom. Studies include Bronze Age Nubia and the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Main Page Ancient History in the Movies SECTIONS Gender and Sexuality Nubia Libya and Western North Africa Modern Perspectives on Egypt http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Ancient History Sourcebook Accounts Of Mer E, Kush, And Axum, C . Ancient History Sourcebook Accounts of Mer e, Kush, and Axum, c. 430 BCE 550 CE Below are the main accounts of Ancient Nubia and Ethiopia from http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Nubia Individual essays provide information, with a historical perspective, on the geography, land, people, culture, and economics of Nubia; from the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Virtual-Egypt - The Egyptian People's Papyrus NEWS HIGHLIGHTS ABOUT ANCIENT EGYPT Gold was found both in Egypt and Nubia in the quartz to watch this fabulous show on the History http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. The Cradle Of Nubian Civilisation Ancient Nubia. Gallery Old Nubia -Lost Nubia. Nuba and Nubia -Linguistic Settlements -Linguistic Aspects of Greater Nubian History. Newsletter http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Images From World History Ancient Sudan Kingdom Of Meroe (4th C . Ancient Sudan The Kingdom of Kush at Mero (4th c significant female ruler in world history, if Faras, a town in lower Nubia, was http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Cush - Kush - Nubia - Egypt - Meroe - Ancient Meroitic Egypt and Nubia an often fraught relationship Three sections of the dans l' gypte ancienne HEKA, Magic and Bewitchment in Ancient Egypt http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. AllRefer.com - Nubia (Ancient History, Africa) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Nubia, Ancient History, Africa. Includes related research links. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Egypt: Nubia In Modern And Ancient Times history of nubia from ancient times to the present, plus essays on the geographyof nubia, its political divisions and names over time, and its culture and http://touregypt.net/historicalessays/nubia.htm

Nubia Nubia is located in today's southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The modern inhabitants of southern Egypt and Sudan still refer to themselves as Nubians. They speak the Nubian language as well as Arabic. Thousands of Nubians from the north were forced to relocate from their endangered homelands to be resettled in Egypt and Sudan. This land has one of the harshest climates in the world. The temperatures are high throughout most of the year, and rainfall is infrequent. The banks of the Nile are narrow in much of Nubia, making farming difficult. Yet, in antiquity, Nubia was a land of great natural wealth, of gold mines, ebony, ivory and incense which was always prized by her neighbors. Nubia is the homeland of Africa's earliest black culture with a history which can be traced from 3100 BC onward through Nubian monuments and artifacts, as well as written records from Egypt and Rome. The land of Nubia is a desert divided by the river Nile. For want of water and rich soil, most of Nubia has never been able to support a large population for long periods. However, some of Africa's greatest civilizations emerged here, centers of achievement whose existence was based on industry and trade. Because they did not write their own languages until very late in ancient times, we know these centers and their people largely through their archaeology and what the Egyptians and Greeks said about them.

12. Ancient Africa's Black Kingdoms history of the Kingdom of Kush, and ancient nubia. ancient nubian Timeline. history of nubia. Excellent Site. Queen Hatshepsut http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/ancientafrica.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); The Role of Women in Ancient Nubia Ancient Nubian Princess Nubian Chronology "Its glory and its people" The Kingdom is Possible Because of the Queen..... The King is the Sign..... While the Queen is the Symbol...... Basic Concept: Late Egyptian Religion King Taharqa of the 25th Dynasty King Menkaure and Queen Kha-merer-nebty II Ancient Civilization did not begin in what we think of as the West. It did not start in Europe, Rome, India, or Asia. Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to inhabit all the continents except Antarctica, some 200,000 to 100,000 years ago. Early Humans in Africa History of Nubia. Excellent Site. Queen Hatshepsut Queen Tiye and King Amenhotep III The Global African Presence This is constantly growing list of articles on about the ancient African presence in many countries around the world as well as many articles on the American history of Africans displaced there. Editor Choice Egyptian Sculpture: Battalion of 40 Nubian armed archers ready for war (from tomb of a local prince or general named Nomarchus Mesehti of Asyut (Upper Egypt), under the ruler Mentuhotep II Nubia Museum, in Aswan

13. Ancient Nubia -- Map And History - 25th Dynasty Egypt In ancient times, much of what is now Sudan was known as nubia, The ancientnubians and ancient Egyptians throughout their history were rivals as well http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/mapofnubia.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); Timeline of Nubian Royalty Rulers of Egypt's 25th Dynasty website King Awawa (1850 BC) He was a powerful Nubian king ruling at Kerma. King Nedjeh (1650 BC) When Nedjeh of Kerma took over the Egyptian forts in Nubia about 1700 BCE, some Egyptian soldiers stayed and worked for them. An inscription of one Egyptian soldier states that he served "as a valiant servant, … washing my feet in the waters of Kush, in the company of King Nedjeh." Alara (785-760 BC) Unites Upper Nubia. Founder of Nubian power in the Napatan dynasty. King Kashta (760-747 BC) Brother of King Alara. Ruler of Napatan Kush and Egypt (Begin to conquer Egypt from the Libyan pharaohs, starting the 25th dynasty Kushite domination) King Piankhy (Piye) (747-716 BC) (Son of Kashta) His wife is Queen Abar. Conquers all of Egypt and rules as pharaoh of Egypt until his death. He is portrayed as a ruler who did not glory in the smiting of his adversaries, as did other kings, but rather preferred treaties and alliances. His victories on a stela (called the Victory Stela ("Hear of what I did, more than the ancestors"), now in the Egyptian Museum. In 716 B.C. Piankhy died after a reign of over thirty years. He was buried in an Egyptian style pyramid tomb at el-Kurru, accompanied by a number of horses, which were greatly prized by the Nubians of the Napatan period.

14. AllRefer.com - Nubia (Ancient History, Africa) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon nubia, ancient history, Africa. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/N/Nubia.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 24, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Ancient History, Africa ... Nubia By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z N Nubia, Ancient History, Africa Related Category: Ancient History, Africa Nubia [n OO E u Pronunciation Key , ancient state of NE Africa. At the height of its political power Nubia extended, from north to south, from the First Cataract of the Nile (near Aswan, Egypt) to Khartoum, in Sudan. It early came under the influence of the pharaohs, and in the 20th cent. B.C. Seti I completed the occupation of the area. Many centuries later Egypt itself was ruled (8th and 7th cent. B.C. ) by conquering Nubians of the Cush (Kush) kingdom. Later, after the Assyrians expelled (c.667 B.C. ) Tirhakah from Egypt, the Cushite capital was moved (c.530) from Napata to MeroE . MeroE fell (c.350) to the Ethiopians and was abandoned. The region then came under the sway of the Nobatae, an ethnic group that mixed with the indigenous stock and formed a powerful kingdom with its capital at Dongola. The kingdom was converted to Christianity in the 6th cent. A.D.

15. AllRefer.com - Ikhnaton (Ancient History, Egypt, Biography) - Encyclopedia Related Category ancient history, Egypt, Biographies Sakere and Tutankhamen,received instead of an empire including nubia and Syria only Egypt and http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/I/Ikhnaton.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 24, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Ancient History, Egypt, Biographies ... Ikhnaton By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z I Ikhnaton, Ancient History, Egypt, Biographies Related Category: Ancient History, Egypt, Biographies Ikhnaton u n] Pronunciation Key or Akhenaton u u n] Pronunciation Key B.C. B.C. ), of the XVIII dynasty; son and successor of Amenhotep III (see under Amenhotep I ). His name at his accession was Amenhotep IV, but he changed it to honor the god Aton. He is important for religious innovations. He abandoned polytheism to embrace monotheism. He held that the sun, named Aton, was god, and god alone, and that he was Aton's physical son. The solar monotheism was absolute; the new system allowed no accommodations and no exceptions. Through the rays of the sun everything that lived had its being. In honor of Aton the new capital was called Akhetaton (the modern Tell el Amarna ), and new provincial capitals were founded in Nubia and Syria. The royal artists founded a new artistic school, characterized by the abandonment of convention and a turning to nature (because it showed the power of the sun). Ikhnaton's fanaticism was his undoing. He defaced every monument carved with the name of Amon, previously the greatest god of Egypt. The Aton cult died with Ikhnaton because the sentiments of the priesthood and the people were outraged by his destruction of their traditions and by his terror-filled reign. After his death, his mummy was destroyed and most references to him were removed from temples and palaces. Ikhnaton's religious zeal also lost Egypt the empire, because he had seriously neglected the provinces. As a result, his successors, Sakere and

16. Ancient African Civilizations Ancient Africa reviewed and annotated resources for ancient African history. Medieval nubia history of nubia during the Byzantine period. http://www.archaeolink.com/ancient_african_civilizations.htm

Ancient Africa Home African Archaeology African Anthropology Ancient Civilizations Ancient Africa Aztec ByzantineEmpire Cambodia ... 1992 Nubian Exhibition Here you will find general information about ancient Nubia based on the Nubian Exhibition at the University of Chicago - photos - From University of chicago - http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/NUB/NUBX92/NUBX92_brochure.html Ancient Africa in the Electronic Passport A good introduction to ancient African civilization including excellent links. - illustrated - From Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport - http://www.mrdowling.com/609ancafr.html Ancient History Sourcebook: Accounts of Ancient Mauretania Accounts of the ancient African civilization of Mauretania written by three ancient historians Herodotus, Strabo, and Procopius of Caesarea. - From Ancient History Sourcebook - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/anc-nafrica.html The Ancient Nok in the Electronic Passport Here is a brief overview of the Nok, one of ancient Africa's lesser known ancient civilizations. Lots of good links to related material. - photos - From Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport - http://www.mrdowling.com/609-nok.html

17. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Egypt WEB Vanished Kingdoms of the Nile The Rediscovery of ancient nubia At OIChicago The Internet ancient history Sourcebook is part of the http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook04.html

Halsall Home Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... Mesopotamia Egypt Persia Israel Greece Hellenistic Wld ... Christian Origins See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections. Contents General Maps Chronologies Modern Egyptology The Old Kingdom (2705-2213 BCE) [Dynasties 3-8] The Middle Kingdom (1991-1668 BCE) [Dynasties 12-13] The New Kingdom (1570-1070 BCE) [Dynasties 18-20] Akhnaten [Amenhotep IV](r. 1363-1347 BCE) Post Imperial Egypt (1070-332 BCE) [Dynasties 21-31] Religion Origin Myths The Memphite Theology Gods and Goddesses Isis and Osiris Death and Resurrection Art and Architecture Literature Music Everyday Life ... Modern Perspectives on Egypt Black Athena Debate General MEGA Abzu: Guide to Resources for the Study of the Ancient Near East Available on the Internet [Website-OI] MEGA Egyptology Resources [Website-Cambridge] WEB History of Ancient Egypt Page [Website-NWU] WEB Neferchichi's ClipArt [At AOL] Images of divinities, and much more.

18. Internet African History Sourcebook Accounts of ancient nubia Ethiopia, c. 430 BCE 550 CE Covers all aspectsof Ethipian history from ancient times to the present. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/africa/africasbook.html

Halsall Home Ancient History Sourcebook Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook Other History Sourcebooks: East Asian Indian Islamic Jewish ... Science Internet African History Sourcebook Africa is both the most clearly defined of continents - in its geography - and the hardest to pin down in historical terms. Human beings originated in Africa and, as a result, there is more diversity of human types and societies than anywhere else. It is not possible, in any non-ideological way, to claim any one of these peoples or societies as more essentially "African" than others; nor is it possible to exclude a given society as "not really African". On this site historical sources on the history of human societies in the continent of Africa are presented, when available, without making prejudgements about what is "African". This page is a subset of texts derived from the three major online Sourcebooks listed below. For more contextual information, for instance about the Islamic world, check out these web sites. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Internet Medieval Sourcebook Internet Modern History Sourcebook Notes: In addition to direct links to documents, links are made to a number of other web resources.

19. Ancient Nubia Explores the history and culture of ancient nubia which existed in time along with the Egyptian Kingdom. Studies include Bronze Age nubia and the Kingdom of Kush. http://library.thinkquest.org/22845/

Welcome to Ancient Nubia! This web site explores an ancient civilization that existed along with the Egyptian Kingdom. You will learn that the Nubian civilization had it's own distinct culture, and even ruled over Egypt for a short period. Start exploring Ancient Nubia! To learn more about browsing this site, please visit the site exploration zone.

20. UT - MENIC: Countries And Regions: Sudan: Arts And Humanities: History: Ancient and Regions Sudan Arts and Humanities history ancient history ancient nubia Egypt s Rival in Africa ancient Sudan Kingdom of Kush at http://menic.utexas.edu/menic/Countries_and_Regions/Sudan/Arts_and_Humanities/Hi

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