61. Asia Times history awaits China s korea move By Francesco Sisci As north korea set Chinaand the United States apart 50 years ago, now it brings them together. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/EA14Ad01.html

China History awaits China's Korea move By Francesco Sisci BEIJING - In 1950 Mao Zedong made a historic decision for his country and for the world. He decided that it was more important to fight the Americans in Korea than trying to recover Taiwan, held by runaway Kuomintang (KMT) troops. This decision and the direct clash between US and Chinese troops in Korea started the Cold War. For decades many Chinese were puzzled by the decision: Why defend North Korea, a foreign country, and not fulfill the patriotic goal of reunifying the country by taking over Taiwan? There were many reasons for the decision. There was the technical difficulty of a landing in Taiwan, defended by the United States. There was the issue of the geographic proximity - it was more dangerous to have the US next door, divided only by a few meters of the Yalu River, if the Americans were to beat North Korea, than to have them in Taiwan, separated from the mainland by miles of sea (see Ni Lexiong, "Why China does not need one Korea", in Heartland 1-2001

62. South Korea History & South Korea Culture | IExplore korea now entered one of the darkest periods of its history. There are alsonumerous strategic and regional problems in which the main regional powers http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/South Korea/History

FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 5 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community ... My iExplore advertisement Home Travel Guides Far East South Korea History E-mail this page South Korea Travel Guide View Trips to South Korea Far East Overview Browse South Korea Photos South Korea Questions and Answers ... Shopping South Korea History Sponsored Listings Add your listing adsonar_pid=3019;adsonar_ps=370666;adsonar_zw=540;adsonar_zh=220;adsonar_jv='ads.adsonar.com'; The first civilization in Korea was centered on the state of Choson which developed in the northwest corner of the peninsula in the second century BC. Choson steadily expanded until it came up against the more advanced Yen, a feudal empire which governed much of northern China. At the beginning of the first century BC, China, now ruled by the Han dynasty, attacked and destroyed Choson and governed the northern part of the peninsula for the next 400 years. To the south, a number of independent rival kingdoms evolved, of which the most important was the Silla in the southeast. In alliance with the Chinese Tang dynasty, which had taken over in northern China in AD 618, the Silla defeated their competitors and created a single political entity in Korea in AD 668 for the first time. Around AD 870, a wave of rebellions broke out across Silla-controlled territory: this triggered the gradual disintegration of the Silla empire and a period of chaos in which rival forces struggled for control. The eventual victor in the early tenth century was the Koryo dynasty, once vanquished by the Silla, who allied themselves with the Song dynasty in China. The Koryo emulated the Song in establishing an advanced cultural and technological society (including the invention of printing in 1234, two centuries before its discovery in the West).

63. RESOLVING THE KOREAN CRISIS: VOICES OF THE REGION He is the author of The north korean Revolution, 1945 1950, editor of korean Carter J. Eckert is Professor of korean history and Director of the korea http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~korea/2003.04.10/speakers.html

SPEAKER BIOS Prof. Charles Armstrong Charles K. Armstrong is Associate Professor of History and Director of the Center for Korean Research at Columbia University. He received his B.A. in East Asian Studies from Yale University, M.Sc. in International Relations from the London School of Economics, and Ph.D. in History from the University of Chicago. He is the author of The North Korean Revolution, 1945 - 1950, editor of Korean Society: Civil Society, Democracy, and the State, and former editor of the journal Millennium: Journal of International Studies. He has also published numerous articles and book chapters on modern Korean history and politics. Professor Armstrong is currently working on a book provisionally entitled North Korea and the World: Nationalism, Self-Reliance, and Foreign Policy. Prof. Carter J. Eckert Carter J. Eckert is Professor of Korean History and Director of the Korea Institute at Harvard University. His books include Offspring of Empire: The Koch'ang Kims and the Origins of Korean Capitalism and Korea Old and New: A History. He is currently at work on a study of the rise of Korean militarism. Amb. Donald P. Gregg

64. Korean Studies Graduate Student Conference Professor of Modern korean history, Harvard University Director, korea Institute An Examnination of IAEA Inspections in north korea 19931994 http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~korea/ksgsc/ksgsc1999a.html

www.fas.harvard.edu/~korea Korean Studies Graduate Student Conference Korean Studies Graduate Student Conference 1999 - Abstracts Panel One: INTERNATIONAL HISTORY Moderator: Carter J. Eckert Professor of Modern Korean History, Harvard University Director, Korea Institute Tae Yang Kwak "The Nixon Doctrine and the Yusin Reforms" Harvard University Sources: Materials from the National Archives and Records Administration II, College Park, MD. John S. Park "An Examnination of IAEA Inspections in North Korea 1993-1994" Cambridge University One of the main functions of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is to facilitate the creation of nuclear transparency, and in so doing, build trust and confidence among countries. In 1994, on the Korean Peninsula, it sought to achieve the former, but ended up building, not trust, but greater suspicion which nearly brought about the outbreak of conflict in the region. How did IAEA nuclear inspections exacerbate tensions on the Korean peninsula in 1994? In addressing this question, an overview of the purposes of IAEA inspections - the main constituent part of IAEA safeguards - will be first presented. Against this background, the Agency's role as the backbone of the nuclear nonproliferation regime will be examined. Specifically, the conduct of the IAEA will be analyzed in the North Korean nuclear case in light of the Agency's application of its inspections repertoire.

65. USF Center For The Pacific Rim - North Korea's Nuclear Crisis Oh’s recent publications include Confronting north korea’s Nuclear Ambitions USPolicy Options and regional Implications (2003), korea Briefing 20002001 http://www.pacificrim.usfca.edu/events/events/korea.html

Return to Events page North Korea's Nuclear Crisis A one-day conference 2 April 2004 University of San Francisco Lone Mountain Campus, Pacific Rim Conference Center (LM 148) This conference of leading international scholars affords an opportunity to take stock of global concern about the nuclear crisis on the Korean Peninsula. Several relevant events in East Asia and elsewhere will be discussed, including the second round of six-nation talks in Beijing on the crisis itself, the recent presidential elections in Taiwan of March 20, the decision by Libya to abandon its nuclear weapons program, and the revelations of Pakistan's role in nuclear proliferation. Participants will consider promising alternative ways to engage North Korea. Special emphasis will be given to South Korean perspectives and to the roles of China, Japan, and Russia in a successful resolution. IMPORTANT NOTE : Parking will be SCARCE on the USF campus on the day of the conference due to several large events also happening on campus. Arriving early and getting street parking adjacent to the campus (where there are no posted 2-hour limits) is your best bet. Sponsored by: Cosponsors: The Asia Foundation The Institute of East Asian Studies, UC Berkeley

66. UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page The north Korean regional dialects are Hamkyong, Pyongan, Hwanghae. history Theearliest forms of Korean can be divided into two dialects. http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/profiles/profk03.htm

Home LMP Languages Authentic Materials Language Profiles ... Bulletin Board To search for language resources, select a language, material type, and level from the menus below. Select a Language All Languages Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic, Algerian Arabic, Chadian Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Jordanian Arabic, Kuwaiti Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, Libyan Arabic, Mauritanian Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Palestinian Arabic, Saudi Arabic, Sudanese Arabic, Syrian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic, Yemeni Armenian Assamese Azerbaijani Baluchi Bambara Bashkir Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Bhojpuri Bosnian Brahui Bulgarian Buriat Burmese Cantonese Catalan Chechen Cherokee Croatian Czech Danish Dari Dutch Estonian Ewe Finnish Fula Georgian Greek, Modern Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Ilocano Indonesian Inuit Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kashmiri Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish Kyrgyz Lakota Laotian Latvian Lingala Lithuanian Luo Macedonian Maithili Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Mandarin Maori Marathi Mende Mongolian Navajo Nepali Norwegian Ojibwe Oromo Pashto Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Quechua Romanian Russian Samoan Serbian Serbian/Croatian Shona Sindhi Sinhalese Slovak Slovenian Somali Swahili Swedish Tagalog Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigrinya Turkish Turkmen Twi Uighur Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Warlpiri Welsh Wolof Xhosa Yakut Yiddish Yoruba Zulu Select a Material All Materials ALL TEACHING MATERIALS Reader Reference Dictionary Grammar Phrasebook Textbook Supplementary Materials Cultural Materials Computer Aided Instruction Video

67. CNN In-Depth Specials - Visions Of China - Asian Superpower: Regional 'godfather Warren Cohen, professor of history at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, They don t want to have north korea go down the tubes. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/asian.superpower/neighbors/

China's middle class Three Gorges Dam Regional bully or godfather? U.S.-China: A delicate balance Map: Regional relations China's military: A sampling Opinion: View from Taipei Regional 'godfather' or local bully? Protesters set sail from Hong Kong in May 1997 for the islands known as Diaoyu in China and Senkaku in Japan A look at China's relations with its neighbors By Bruce Kennedy CNN Interactive (CNN) China's policies concerning its regional neighbors appear, at first, to be quite idiosyncratic. One year after its founding in 1949, the People's Republic entered a war on the side of Communist ally North Korea against an anti-Communist United Nations force. Three decades later Chinese troops clashed with forces from Communist Vietnam in a brief war that combined a border dispute with ideological issues. ALSO: Map: China and its neighbors POLL: Should China's neighbors consider Beijing a: friend rival neither View Results In recent years China has quarreled with Japan over who controls a desolate group of islands 112 miles northeast of Taiwan. The islands, which the Chinese call Diaoyu and the Japanese call Senkaku, are known historically as productive fisheries, but the area also may contain oil and gas reserves.

68. Stay The Course On North Korea -- Policy Brief improving northSouth relations and for reducing regional tensions have grown . This 1994 agreement between the United States and north korea froze http://www.isis-online.org/publications/dprk/policybrief301.html

Stay the Course on North Korea ISIS Policy Brief By Holly Higgins, Research Analyst March 7, 2001 To Press Release The Bush administration has been noticeably silent on where it intends to go with North Korean policy, and this has caused unwelcome anxiety for key U.S. allies in the region. Although the Bush administration has urged patience, time is growing short. While Bush deserves adequate time to structure his own agenda for North Korea, he should ultimately emphasize to U.S. allies that he will stay the course on North Korea. A major disruption in current policy could cause severe damage to the region and to U.S. national interests. Secretary of State Colin Powell has tasked the State Department to conduct a thorough review of U.S. policy toward North Korea. A balanced review will find that engagement with North Korea has produced significant benefits: a nuclear weapons program has been capped at an early stage, before North Korea could accumulate enough separated plutonium for tens or even hundreds of nuclear weapons; military conflict on the Korean peninsula has been avoided; North Korean missile flight tests have been suspended; the United States and North Korea have drawn closer to a comprehensive missile deal; and prospects for improving North-South relations and for reducing regional tensions have grown. It is quite likely that within a few months North Korean leader Kim Jong-il will make his promised reciprocal visit to Seoul to meet with South Korean President Kim Dae Jung.

69. Jemaah Islamiyah - Singapore - North Korea - Worldpress.org Even if Russia and China offer to guarantee north korea security, north korea You recently wrote a report on the threat and history of JI in Singapore, http://www.worldpress.org/Asia/925.cfm

Africa Americas Asia-Pacific Europe ... Front Page Asia-Pacific E-mail this article Print this article Interview: Singaporean Ambassador Mark Hong Tat Soon Threats to Regional Security in Southeast Asia World Press Review interview Feb. 3, 2003 Guarding suspected Jemaah Islamiyah leader Abu Bakar Bashir in Solo, Indonesia (Photo: AFP). Mark Hong has been a diplomat in Singapore’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 1969, serving in Cambodia, Hong Kong, France, Russia, and Ukraine. He was Singapore’s Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations during the 1991 Gulf War, and is currently a visiting senior fellow at Singapore’s Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, where he has written on, among other things, terrorism in Southeast Asia. Hong, who plans to retire from the foreign service in May 2004, recently shared his views on several current international issues—from the North Korean nuclear crisis to a potential war with Iraq to Cambodian trials of former Khmer Rouge leaders to radical Islam in Southeast Asia—with World Press Review associate editor Rachel S. Taylor.

70. Korea, 500-1000 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum Of Art For the first time in history, all of the Korean peninsula—excepting a narrowband in the north—comes under the sway of a single Korean government, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/06/eak/ht06eak.htm

See an abridged list of rulers in Korea See also China and Japan Tang Buddhist art and architecture in East Asia is produced in Korea during this period. The Unified Silla court maintains close relations with Tang China through trade and diplomatic exchanges. Throughout this period, Korea continues to play a crucial role in the transmission of technology and ideas to Japan. Korean Buddhist sculpture of the sixth century begins to show distinctive indigenous characteristics but also reflects the strong influence of Korea's diverse contacts with the artistic traditions of China and India. (See Seated Maitreya in the Explore and Learn special feature, Arts of Korea . Please use your browser's "Back" button to return to the Timeline.) Archaeological evidence indicates that, in an effort to buttress their temporal authority, the monarchs of Silla and Paekche continue to present themselves as possessing shamanic powers as late as at least the sixth century. The discovery of gold crowns of shamanistic design in the royal graves of both states suggests that the rulers who wore them sought the sanction of ancient indigenous religious belief, as well as Buddhism, for their governance. (See

71. Korea, South POPULATION - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resour korea, South POPULATION Flags, Maps, Economy, history, Climate, Within Southkorea, the most important regional difference is between the Kyongsang http://www.photius.com/countries/korea_south/society/korea_south_society_populat

Country Ranks INDEX for Korea, South Maps ... Feedback Korea, South POPULATION http://www.photius.com/countries/korea_south/society/korea_south_society_population.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Korea, South Society Although a variety of different Asian peoples had migrated to the Korean Peninsula in past centuries, very few have remained permanently, so by 1990 both South Korea and North Korea were among the world's most ethnically homogeneous nations. The number of indigenous minorities was negligible. In South Korea, people of foreign origin, including Westerners, Chinese, and Japanese, were a small percentage of the population whose residence was generally temporary. Like their Japanese neighbors, Koreans tend to equate nationality or citizenship with membership in a single, homogeneous ethnic group or "race" ( minjok , in Korean). A common language and culture also are viewed as important elements in Korean identity. The idea of multiracial or multiethnic nations, like India or the United States, strikes many Koreans as odd or even contradictory. Consciousness of homogeneity is a major reason why Koreans on both sides of the DMZ viewed their country's division as an unnatural and unnecessary tragedy. Against the background of ethnic homogeneity, however, significant regional differences exist. Within South Korea, the most important regional difference is between the Kyongsang region, embracing North Kyongsang and South Kyongsang provinces in the southeast, and the Cholla region, embracing North Cholla and South Cholla provinces in the southwest. The two regions, separated by the Chiri Massif, nurture a rivalry said to reach back to the Three Kingdoms Period, which lasted from the fourth century to the seventh century A.D., when the kingdoms of Paekche and Silla struggled for control of the peninsula (see

72. International Crisis Group (Crisis Group) - Conflict Prevention And Resolution Relations between Japan and north korea continue to deteriorate due to concerns one more step toward closure on its wartime history; for north korea, http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=3533&l=1

73. Past News regional Headquarters for Joint Functions Inaugurated in S. korea A jointresolution of the students in the north and the south of korea for http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200507/news07/20.htm

Anniversary of DPRK-Russia Joint Declaration Marked Pyongyang, July 19 (KCNA) Russian President V.V. Putin visited the DPRK from July 19 to 20, 2000 at the invitation of leader Kim Jong Il. Putin was the first head of state of Russia to visit the DPRK. The DPRK-Russia Joint Declaration was adopted during the visit. Pyongyang-based newspapers today dedicate articles to this anniversary. The articles say that the adoption of the joint declaration was an important event as it provided a solid basis for developing in depth the DPRK-Russia relations of friendship and cooperation on a new track as required by the new century. Over the last five years these relations have steadily developed on a new stage under the special care of the top leaders of the two countries, they added. Rodong Sinmun recalls that Kim Jong Il visited Russia twice, recording a brilliant page in the history of DPRK-Russia friendship and greatly contributing to the strengthening of the bilateral friendship and peace and security in Asia and the rest of the world. In recent years the DPRK-Russia relations have become closer in various fields on the basis of the joint declarations, the paper notes, and says:

74. Conspectus Report For Korea: Section C Korean history 2aE 2bE 3aE Education of women in Asia 1bF 1bF 1bE Korean CL AC GL regional geology Asia 4W 4W regional geomorphology - Asia 3aF 3aF http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/conspectus/kc.html

@import url(/stylesheets/nlaweb2001.css); SEARCH: HOME CATALOGUE ASK US GUIDES FIND FOR HELP ABOUT US VISIT US SHOP Conspectus Report for Korean Library Collections in Australia A Report for Korean Collections Meeting, National Library of Australia, 13 March 1996 SECTION C: Collection Strengths in Korean Library Materials: By Library Australian Capital Territory New South Wales Queensland South Australia ... Western Australia A.C.T. National Library of Australia CL AC GL Cartographic materials from South Korea 2aF 3 Cartographic materials from North Korea 2aF 3 Australian National University CL AC GL New South Wales University of Sydney CL AC GL Sydney Conservatorium of Music CL AC GL University of New South Wales CL AC GL University of Technology, Sydney

75. The History Guy: New And Recent Conflicts Of The World q Congo Second Congolese War (This IS a regional war)—(1998Present) Peace A South Korean vessel was sunk and a north Korean vessel sustained damage http://www.historyguy.com/new_and_recent_conflicts.html

New and Recent Conflicts of the World Home Military History Historical Personalitie What's New ... Site Map The world is a violent place, and for various political, economic, religious and other reasons, wars and conflicts often erupt. The purpose of this web page is to chronicle these conflicts and attempt to explain why they occur and what may result from them. This page contains four current sections and one section not yet completed. The current sections are: Recently concluded or suspended wars and conflicts Major Acts of Terrorism More detail to be added as time allows Alphabetical listing. q Afghan War q Al-Aqsa Intifada (Israeli-Palestinian Conflict) (high-risk to become a regional war) q Algerian Civil War q Basque Separatist Conflict q Burma (Myanmar) Civil War Military operations near border areas have brought both rebels and the Burmese government into occasional conflict with neighboring Thailand. q Burundi Civil War The rebels use neighboring Congo as a base to launch attacks, thereby giving the Burundi government reason to involve itself in the Second Congolese War q Colombian Civil War The United States is providing military and logistical support to the government.

76. WFP - World Hunger In terms of regional disparities in access to food, the long inactive Since 1995, WFP has been working in the DPR korea, assisting the country by http://www.wfp.org/country_brief/indexcountry.asp?country=408

77. 2000 Winner: National Peace Essay Contest: Education: United States Institute Of Promoting Global and regional Security in the PostCold War World north KoreaThe Cold War continues. Current history. Dec. 1996 438-442. http://www.usip.org/ed/npec/winningessays/00winner.html

Institute Home Publications Policy Research Institute ... and Simulations 2000 Winning Essay 2000 Essay Topic The nature of international conflict and warfare in the 1990s has changed radically from the rest of the twentieth century. Rather than warfare among major nation-states, or fighting between smaller countries or armed groups that often served as proxies for the great powers during the Cold War, international conflict today has given way to bloody civil and inter-com-munal conflicts in Haiti, Sudan, Rwanda, Zaire, Congo-Brazzaville, Liberia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Georgia, and Tajikistan. These new circumstances have led to an increasing challenge for the United States in responding to such conflicts. Conflicts such as these do not directly threaten the security of the United States, yet they affect the interests of friendly states, destabilize important regions of the world, and offend American values such as human rights. The United States has thus responded to civil war in Somalia and other recent interna-tional conflicts in a variety of ways. Many have viewed U.S. reactions (or, in some cases, inaction) as ad hoc responses often driven or constrained by domestic political pressures and the media. Others, however, see U.S. interventions as justified by such foreign policy objectives as providing global or regional security; acting as a moral leader and authority; promoting democracy, human rights, and civil society; pushing for free trade and a global liberal economic order; or advocating human and economic development.

78. Why North Korea Played Its Nuclear Card - [Sunday Herald] If north korea were to adopt a more realistic nuclear policy by renewing its Beijing understands that north korea does provide a useful regional buffer http://www.sundayherald.com/47718

print edition site map news alerts Est 1999 IN THIS SECTION: Anxious Germans leave vote decision to last minute From Melanie Haape in Berlin Claws out in feminist party power struggle From Allan Burnett in Gothenburg From Hugh Schofield in Paris Nepal on the brink as protests against monarchy intensify From Tom Sullivan in Kathmandu From Angus Roxburgh in Berlin email print Why North Korea played its nuclear card Pyongyang is playing the US at a diplomatic game, but success depends on another key player: China. Trevor Royle reports Two years ago, China cut the oil pipeline with North Korea to persuade them to continue negotiations and, while that was reported to be a maintenance issue, it did have the desired effect. The containment of that threat is a priority for Washington but it wants to avoid the problems faced by the Clinton administration in 1994 when it attempted to contain the threat by offering North Korea technological assistance. In turn that led to the acceleration of a secret uranium enrichment programme, which prompted the current stand-off with the US. That helps to explain the relatively relaxed mood in Washington this weekend: North Korea has played a big card but it is increasingly clear that there is little left in their hand. With other options running out North Korea will probably return to the six-nation talks and the cycle of diplomatic bluff and compromise will continue.

79. Page Redirect The Cold War International history Project aims to disseminate new Newly AvailableEvidence Offers Insights into north korea’s Thinking, Actions http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.item&news_id=11681

80. Korea Colloquia 2002-2003 The north korea Policy of the SecondTerm Bush Administration Norman Thorpereceived his MA in korea regional Studies from the University of Washington http://jsis.artsci.washington.edu/programs/easc/koreacolloquia.html

East Asia Center East Asia Resource Center East Asia Library Anthropology ... East Asia Home Korea Colloquia Current colloquia for the 2005-2006 academic year are listed here. For past colloquia, please check the following links: AUTUMN QUARTER 2005 Day/Time: TBA Location: TBA Speaker: TBA Title: TBA MAY 31, 2005 Tuesday, 3:30-5:00 pm Thomson Hall, Room 317 Wonmo Dong, Korean Program Scholar in Residence and Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Global and Regional Security Studies (IGRSS), The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington The North Korea Policy of the Second-Term Bush Administration: What is the Fundamental Problem? Professor Dong is Professor of Political Science Emeritus at Southern Methodist University where he taught East Asian and comparative politics for 32 years while also serving as Director of the Asian Studies Program. He received his Ph.D. in Government from Georgetown University in 1965. From 1981-1983, he was a National Fellow and a visiting research scholar at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. A three-time recipient of the Social Science Research Council postdoctoral fellowship, Professor Dong is the former president of the Association of Korean Political Studies in North America (1998-2000). He has authored or co-authored 3 books and more than 100 articles and research papers on Korean politics, US-Korea relations and Japanese colonial policy.

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