21. The U.S. Army Professional Writing Collection north korea s history of belligerent rhetoric suggests this is unlikely, The key is not to let north korea disrupt our overall strategic regional goals http://www.army.mil/professionalwriting/volumes/volume2/july_2004/7_04_1.html

Featured Articles Another Engagement Strategy For North Korea Scientific Optimism: Jomini and the U.S. Army The United States And Iraq's Shi'ite Clergy: Partners or Adversaries? Ms. Marta J. Bailey Biographical Information Best Papers - Course 5601 "Fundamentals of Strategic Logic" Printer-Friendly Version Another Engagement Strategy For North Korea Therefore, determine the enemy's plans and you will know which strategy will be successful and which will not. Sun Tzu At the conclusion of the six-party talks in Beijing last August, North Korea announced that there was no reason for further negotiations and that its only option was to continue its nuclear weapons development program. The Beijing Summit was the first multilateral diplomatic effort aimed at heading off a nuclear crisis that became apparent in October 2002 when North Korea acknowledged restarting its nuclear program in violation of the 1994 Agreed Framework. In exchange for freezing the nuclear program, North Korea wants energy assistance, an end to sanctions, and security assurances from the United States through a nonaggression treaty. The Bush administration regards these demands as "blackmail" and is unwilling to make concessions unless North Korea first dismantles its nuclear program.

22. SPECIAL REPORT: The Challenge Of North Korea Meanwhile, however, two of America s regional allies, South korea and Japan by north korea cannot be surmounted without addressing the role of history http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/viewMedia.php/prmTemplateID/8/prmID/927

Printer Friendly 03/21/2003 Special Report SPECIAL REPORT: War with Iraq Nautilus Institute Forum: Bush Administration Policy on North Korea Ministry of Foreign Affairs Special Report: Japan-North Korea Relations BBC Country Profile: North Korea ... AsiaSource.org Special Report: "North Korea Admits It Has Nuclear Weapons" This special report presents a collection of statements on the ethical aspects of the foreign policy challenges presented by North Korea, with links to full-length texts where available. The statements were made by leading thinkers in Japan-Korea area studies and/or international affairs, all of whom have appeared recently at Carnegie Council events or contributed to our publications. The excerpted passages are clustered beneath the following areas: Rules of engaging states that defy international law North Korea-Japan reconciliation as a pre-condition for security 1) Rules of engaging states that defy international law President Bush set his policy toward North Korea in his 1/29/02 State of the Union Address North Korea is a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction, while starving its citizens. . . . States like these [North Korea, Iran, and Iraq], and their terrorist allies, constitute an axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world. By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing danger. They could provide these arms to terrorists, giving them the means to match their hatred. They could attack our allies or attempt to blackmail the United States. In any of these cases, the price of indifference would be catastrophic.

23. NORTH KOREA: Geographic Perspectives A regional geography of north korea reveals the underlying processes that This chapter examines pivotal time frames in korean history and links them to http://www.dushkin.com/text-data/catalog/0072940115.mhtml?SECTION=TOC

24. NEAS - Resources, North/South Korea This report also looks at South korea’s role as a regional trading partner andits present and korean history 111. Traditional korea , korean Institute http://neas.miis.edu/resources-korea-north-south.html

Northeast Asian Studies Research and Educational Resources HOME DOCUMENTS LINKS EVENTS ... Listserv RESOURCES BY REGION China Japan Korea, North/South Mongolia ... Other RESOURCES BY SUBJECT Economics Energy Environmental Migration ... General Resources - Korea (North/South) Below are links to resources on North and South Korea sorted by field. Click on the top menu item to go directly to each reference category. Click on the title of each link to open a new window that will go directly to that link. If the link references a PDF document, you will need to have an available PDF viewer program loaded on your computer, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader Economics Energy Environmental ... Security Economics Cha, Myung Soo Cha, Myung Soo Professor Cha teaches at the Department of Economics at Yeungnam University. He is author of multiple publications on economic history of Korea. His current research interests include real interest rates in Korea, and tendenciesÊinfluencing capital formation and capital stock. ynucc.yeungnam.ac.kr/~mscha/ - March 2, 2005

25. Resolving The North Korean Nuclear Issue Although South korea, Japan, and Russiathe other major regional powers with direct If history is any predictor, north korea will continue to act http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/em875.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Asia and the Pacific Resolving the North Korean Nuclear Issue Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Return Home Resolving the North Korean Nuclear Issue by Balbina Y. Hwang Executive Memorandum #875 The talks between the United States and North Korea in Beijing ended abruptly last week after North Korean officials declared that North Korea possesses a nuclear arsenal. As the Bush Administration continues to formulate a peaceful resolution to the nuclear standoff with North Korea, it should keep in mind that its principled policy of refusing to succumb to blackmail and pursuing a multilateral approach has been, and will continue to be, the best course of action. Although North Korea's admission seemed shocking, in reality it only confirmed what the international community has long suspected: The North Korean regime has flagrantly violated four international agreements and developed nuclear weapons. While these initial meetings did not produce any tangible results, the United States should view them as the first step in a process of aligning the interests of regional players to denuclearize North Korea peacefully. The Bush Administration should not rule out the possibility of future talks with North Korea, as long as they are continued within a multilateral setting and the goals are well coordinated among the allies. Future talks should test whether or not Pyongyang is sincerely willing to dismantle its nuclear weapons program, recognizing that if it does so, assistance from the international community will follow. The United States should also continue to internationalize the problem by engaging the United Nations, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), China, and Russia.

26. TIMEasia.com | Viewpoint: The Warnings From Korean History | 7/3/2000 Yonhap. north Korean soldiers massacred 300 in HamHyung 50 years ago. LATEST HEADLINES. Click Here for the latest regional analysis from TIME Asia http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2000/0703/korea.viewpoint.html

TIME Asia Home Current Issue Asia News Pacific News ... JULY 3, 2000 VOL. 155 NO. 26 VIEWPOINT The Warnings from Korean History An anniversary provides a stark reminder of what keeps North and South apart By DON KIRK Yonhap. North Korean soldiers massacred 300 in Ham-Hyung 50 years ago. The 50th anniversary of the North Korean invasion of the South arrives like Act II of the most dramatic fortnight in recent Korean history. First we were treated to the astonishing sight of the leaders of the two Koreas clasping hands at the "historic" summit in Pyongyang. Then, from the more distant past, came a sobering reminder: these two "halves" of a divided peninsula fought one of the bloodiest wars in Asian historyand they still haven't signed a peace treaty. Moreover, their armies remain locked in a face-off, nearly where they were when an overwhelming North Korean force roared across the 38th parallel on June 25, 1950, en route to the capture of Seoul four days later. ALSO IN TIME COVER: Wahid's World The President came to power eight months ago amid great hope that the country was ready to embark upon a prosperous, corruption-free era. That dream has been derailed.

27. Envisioning The World's Next Great Market: Korea And The Economic Future Of Nort promote peaceful initiatives with north korea and among the regional powers, Bringing north korea into the International Community. history teaches http://www.asiasociety.org/conference04/kongdan_oh.html

Home Delegate Registration Speakers Agenda ... Information on Past Conferences Under the North Korean Threat: Kongdan Oh Institute for Defense Analyses Introduction I am delighted to be a part of this conference, held in my hometown of Seoul. And as a kind of informal advisor on Northeast Asian affairs to the Asia Society, I am happy to support its work. My delight is somewhat tempered by the realization that I must talk about North Korea, which always seems to be associated with trouble, at least insofar as the United States is concerned. The recent train accident at Yongchon is but another reminder that North Korean officialdom remains committed above all to protecting its interests and in the service of that goal prefers to keep what happens inside its borders as secret as possible. That said, here are some of my personal thoughts about the impact of North Korea on South Korea and the region. Near-Term Prospects for US-DPRK Relations weapons program. Such an offer would not have played well in Washington in 1994, and ten years later it is even less acceptable. For want of a way out of this apparently irresolvable dilemma, both sides are playing for time, probably at least until after the US elections in November.

28. North Korea - Nuclear Program - Worldpress.org But a close look at the north Korean offer suggests a repeat of history. But regional solutions imply a regional resolve, and there is little evidence http://www.worldpress.org/Asia/1768.cfm

Africa Americas Asia-Pacific Europe ... Front Page Asia-Pacific E-mail this article Print this article Asia Clearing the Nuclear Fog over North Korea David Scofield World Press Review correspondent Seoul, South Korea Jan. 22, 2004 North Korea's Yongbyon nuclear reactor from a satellite photo (Photo: Space Imaging/AFP-Getty Images). The Jan. 8 “unofficial” U.S. visit to the empty holding ponds at the restarted Yongbyon nuclear site, a strangely obvious facility for a country that maintains a most of its strategic assets deep underground, yielded little to sway opinion. For those who believe in the possibility of reconciliation and negotiation with the North Korean leadership, the Yongbyon facility represents tangibility and verifiability. For the rest, it symbolizes contradiction: a facade designed to obfuscate and divide. But while Yongbyon is a fog, the words of North Korean Deputy Foreign Minister Kim Gye-gwan are more illuminating. Charles “Jack” Pritchard, a former U.S. State Department official and a member of the U.S. team, told reporters that Kim had warned him that “time is not on the U.S. side.” Kim may well be right: There is a strong case to be made that time is the United States’ fatal weakness in its dealings with North Korea. Article Continues Advertiser Links Links open in new window.

29. Dealing With North Korea - Speech From From The Australian Minister For Foreign north korea has pushed its history of brinkmanship to new heights in recent have considerably raised the regional stakes in ensuring north korea gets no http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/2003/030212_dprk.html

:: Home :: Biography :: Department :: Speeches ... :: Website Feedback The Hon. Alexander Downer, MP MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, AUSTRALIA Speeches at the 'Korea Re-examined' conference dinner Sydney University, 13 February 2003 Dealing with North Korea It is a great pleasure to address this distinguished gathering of leading Australian and Korean business people and academics. The timing of your conference is especially well judged in light of the forthcoming inauguration of President-elect Roh Moo-hyun, in less than two weeks ( on 25 February I met President-elect Noh's special envoy, Chong Dong-young, at the World Economic Forum in Davos three weeks ago, and we discussed a number of issues of common interest at length. I look forward to continuing the warm and productive relations Australia has enjoyed with President-elect Noh's predecessors across a broad range of issues of mutual interest and concern. Today our relationship encompasses trade, investment, and our economies, as well as the security and stability of the region. Since 1997, the South Korean economy has made a remarkable recovery – backed up by solid corporate sector reform.

30. IISS - North Korea's Weapons Programmes: A Net Assessment north korean Dossier. Russian regional Perspectives Journal korean Peninsulaand details the long history of disarmament negotiations with north korea, http://www.iiss.org/conferencepage.php?confID=63

31. Online NewsHour -- North Korea: Nuclear Standoff Early history The name korea originates from the Koryo dynasty, korea struggledto defend itself from regional powers Japan and Russia, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/northkorea/timeline.html

Early History The name Korea originates from the Koryo dynasty, one of the oldest known kingdoms to rule the peninsula from the 10th to the 14th century AD. The Koryo dynasty was succeeded by the Choson dynasty around the 14th century. The word "Choson," which translates to "Land of the Morning Calm," comes the legend of the god-like warrior, Tangun, who is said to have founded Korea around 2000 BC. Towards the end of the Choson dynasty, Korea struggled to defend itself from regional powers Japan and Russia, and Western nations, including the U.S., France and the United Kingdom. Korea, unlike many other East Asian countries, effectively repelled the West's aggressive attempts to establish commercial trade relations through the use of military force, a policy now termed "gunboat diplomacy." U.S. and European traders abandoned their hopes for foreign trade with Korea after the destruction of the armed merchant ship, the U.S.S. General Sherman, in the Taedong River near Pyongyang on Sept. 2, 1866.

32. Collections (Asian Division Reading Room) local administration, history, regional geography, and Buddhism. north korea,or the Democratic People s Republic of korea, is one of the most http://www.loc.gov/rr/asian/collections.html

The Library of Congress Especially for Researchers Research Centers Asian Reading Room ... Home Collections Find in Asian Division Web Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages Collections T he Asian Division's collections are among the most significant outside of Asia and comprise almost 2 million books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts and microforms in the languages of East, South and Southeast Asia. Initiated in 1869 with a gift of ten works in 933 volumes that was offered to the United States by the Emperor of China, the Asian collections have become one of the most accessible and comprehensive sources of Asian language materials in the world. The collections span a diversity of subjects from China, Japan, Korea, the South Asian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Jump to Chinese Japanese Korean Tibetan Chinese Yizong Jinjian (Complete Survey of Medical Knowledge) Beijing: Imperial Edition, 1743.

33. The US-North Korea Dance | Csmonitor.com Up to now, the US didn t want north korea to split the US off from regional alliesJapan and north korea s diplomatic history is rife with deception. http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0828/p08s02-comv.html

WORLD USA COMMENTARY LEARNING ... Text Edition Search: Special Offer: Subscribe to the Monitor and get 32 issues FREE! Opinion Letters to the Editor Columns: Dante Chinni Helena Cobban Pat M. Holt John Hughes ... Jeffrey Shaffer Features Columns: 2nd Chapters Marilyn Gardner Economic Scene A Global Accounting ... Ruth Walker Commentary Stories: for 09/23/2005 Driving 55 m.p.h. is looking pretty good In the 24/7 news cycle, repetition is not revelation Judy Miller's indefinite wait Excusify me, but is 'refugeed' a verb? ... What is this? Most-viewed stories: (for 09/23/05) Just hop in the car? Not so fast, says one French town. Why we buy salad shooters and breadmakers Before the oil runs out: the search for alternatives Oil industry braces for another blow ... Commentary from the August 28, 2003 edition The US-North Korea Dance President Bush began a nonwar against an "evil" state supporter of terror Wednesday. American diplomats began formal talks with North Korea, in sharp contrast to the US military invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. Related stories: US: Stick to diplomacy with North Korea, even if talks fail

34. Regional Implications Of The Changing Nuclear Equation On The Korean Peninsula that may be even more relevant and necessary today than ever in its history . For China, a nuclear north korea raises the specter of a regional arms http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/congress/2003_h/18661pf.htm

var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="85/41/16/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; Education Jobs Home Loans Telecom ... Public Eye var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="100/69/43/16/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="120"; var zflag_height="600"; var zflag_sz="8"; Choose: HTML TEXT AOL Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Regional Implications of the Changing Nuclear Equation on the Korean Peninsula James A. Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Washington, DC March 12, 2003 Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee: It is an honor and a privilege to appear before you today to discuss a vitally important issue, the regional implications of the changing nuclear equation on the Korean Peninsula. The Problem Let me begin by recapping the problem: For many years, North Korea's nuclear weapons program has been of concern to the international community. In 1993, North Korea provoked a very serious situation on the Peninsula with its announced withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, setting in motion a crisis-and-negotiation scenario that culminated in the 1994 Agreed Framework. While North Korea adhered to the Agreed Framework "freeze" on its declared plutonium production facilities at Yongbyon, last summer it became apparent that the North had been pursuing for several years another track covertly to acquire nuclear weapons, a uranium enrichment program.

35. Goguryeo Heritage Recognized By UN | Korea.net News north korea submitted its proposal for a group of 63 tombs in its own territory, to become familiar with the regional history of northeast Asia. http://www.korea.net/news/news/newsView.asp?serial_no=20040704005&part=111&Searc

36. DerKeiler Directory - /Regional/Asia/North_Korea Top/regional/Asia/Regions/korea Top/regional/K north korea Official Webpage,Information about history, society, culture, folk and unification. http://directory.derkeiler.com/Top/Regional/Asia/North_Korea

Home UNIX Linux Coding ... Asia North Korea Sub-categories Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Government ... Weather See also: Top/Regional/Asia/Regions/Korea Top/Regional/K Top/Society/Politics/Socialism/Marxism/Communism/States Links About North Korea Complete resource on N.Korea with information on its culture, art, business, news, travel, and history. Asiaco North Korea Includes news, business, travel, jobs, and health information about North Korea. CBC News: North Korea Detailed background information on North Korea with timeline, analysis of the ongoing standoff between the Stalinist state and the West, profile of leader Kim Jong Il, information on the Korean War, samples of North Korean propaganada and other resources. CIA: The World Factbook: Korea, North Basic data about the country, including geography, population, economy, government and military. DPR Korea Trade A DPRK Trade Website: Commercial Website of DPRK (North Korea) for introducing new inventions, technologies and products of the DPR. of Korea. Library of Congress: North Korea, a Country Study

37. [09-26-99] Terry Lee, North Korean Missile Crisis -- Pretext For Regional Arms R north Korean Missile Crisis Pretext For regional Arms Race challenged bythe worst famine in the country s history, and the sinking of a north Korean http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/5.17/990926-korea.html

Table of Contents Jinn Home Page Search Net-Links ... YO! North Korean Missile Crisis Pretext For Regional Arms Race By Terry Lee Date: 09-26-99 When arms races erupt there is usually a trigger like North Korea's test-firing of the Dae Po Dong-I missile one year ago. Today, fears that Pyongyang would resume testing at the end of August have ebbed, but the reason may be that the missile crisis has already achieved its purpose for all parties involved. Commentator Terry Lee monitors the Korean language media for PNS's New California Media project, a collaboration of ethnic news media that hosts the first inter-ethnic portal on the Internet at www.ncmonline.com. T he North Korean missile crisis, punctuated by Pyongyang's on-and-off again threats to resume testing, resembles a play entitled "Opening a New Arms Race in Asia." The characters include a villain North Korea; victims South Korea and Japan; and a wizard, the United States. As the plot unfolds, however, the audience discovers that the characters are not exactly playing their assigned roles. Consider the latest twists: *In mid-August, South Korea and Japan held the first joint naval exercise in the South Western Sea of Korea, billed as a practice rescue operation.

38. NIRA Policy Research 2003 Vol.16 No.1: Searching For A New Framework For Coopera For instance, north korea introduced new measures to improve economic management in The second half takes a broad overview of the history of regional http://www.nira.go.jp/publ/seiken/ev16n01.html

NIRA Policy Research 2003 Vol.16 No.1 Searching for a New Framework for Cooperation in the North Pacific Region: From NIRA Hokkaido Forum Summary Chapter 1: Issues for Regional Cooperation in the North Pacific: Changes in and Potentials of the Regional Situation 1. Northeast Asia: Changes and the Potential for a Cooperative Future The lack of multilateral cooperation in Northeast Asia can be explained by historical animosities and contemporary differences in political systems, economic systems, national wealth, size of populations and territory, military power, and language and culture. Active multilateralism may not be possible until China democratizes and reunites with Taiwan, and North Korea democratizes and reunites with South Korea. Then, with only three major powers in the region, multilateral cooperation will be easier to achieve. 2. Essential Conditions for the Establishment of a Regional Cooperative Framework: Confidence Building and the Development of Reciprocal Relations among Nations on the Basis of Independent Initiative The importance of regional cooperation is steadily increasing. The North Pacific region is unique in having lacked cooperative relationships for more than a century. The last several years, however, have witnessed the improvement of bilateral relations within the region, and the ongoing establishment of partial systems of regional cooperation. This section takes up the issue of the principles which will be necessary to enable the future establishment of a framework for cooperation in the region.

39. The Korea Times : British Envoy Urges Calm In History Dispute With Japan Morris said regional integration and a forwardlooking view of history have On the north Korean nuclear issue, Morris said he is concerned by recent http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200504/kt2005042618093411990.htm

Hankooki.com The Korea Times Nation British Envoy Urges Calm in History Dispute With Japan By Reuben Staines Staff Reporter Britain¡¯s top envoy in South Korea yesterday urged Northeast Asian nations to calm rising tensions over Japan¡¯s attitude toward its wartime wrongdoings and follow Europe¡¯s lead in pursuing regional cooperation. ``Of course, it¡¯s important to remember the past so that the terrible things that happened 50 or 60 years ago don¡¯t happen again,¡¯¡¯ Warwick Morris, British ambassador to Seoul, told reporters during a meeting at his residence. ``But it shouldn¡¯t totally influence the present and the future.¡¯¡¯ The 56-year-old diplomat, who first served in Seoul in 1975, said Koreans and Chinese should separate contentious issues such as Japan¡¯s claim over the South Korean islets of Dokdo, its bid for a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council and its approval of controversial history textbooks. ``They are separate issues but they¡¯ve been wrapped up together,¡¯¡¯ he said, referring to the anti-Japan sentiment and large protests in both countries over the past two months. Relations between the three Northeast Asian powers have sunk under the weight of the historical disputes. China and South Korea have sought to block Japan from gaining a seat on the U.N. Security Council, saying it must show remorse for its past aggression before it can take a leadership role in the international community.

40. Powell's Books - North Korea South Korea: U.S. Policy At A Time Of Crisis (Seven He addresses the regional dynamic, and the change in US policy from north korea,South korea is a short, accessible book about the history and http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-1583226036-0

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