21. Encyclopedia Of North American Indians - - Deloria, Vine, Sr. He attended both local and offreservation boarding schools and was ordained as a priest While he was in charge of the north dakota Episcopal Mission, http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_010200_deloriavines.ht

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Maps ... World Civilizations Encyclopedia of North American Indians Deloria, Vine, Sr. Standing Rock Sioux (Fort Yates) priest and leader Vine Deloria, Sr.'s mother, Mary Sully, was the granddaughter of an army-post marriage between General Alfred Sully and a Yankton woman during the 1860s. Vine Victor was the youngest child of Philip and Mary Sully Deloria. He was born on October 6, 1901, in the village of Wakpala, on the Standing Rock reservation. Vine Deloria's birth occurred eleven years after the massacre at Wounded Knee and less than a decade after Frederick Jackson Turner announced the close of the American frontier. Deloria grew up in the Standing Rock vicarage, but he was familiar with life on a variety of Dakota reservations. His childhood took place during a time of momentous transition as the Sioux adjusted to the end of buffalo hunting and the onset of assimilation. Tribespeople reeled under the multiple impacts of allotment, the sale of reservation lands, the suppression of traditional culture, and the shattered dreams of a failed tribal cattle industry. When his mother died in 1915, Deloria entered Kearney (Nebraska) Military Academy, an Episcopal educational institution. Although he could not speak English and had never before had a long-term stay away from home, he did well in school. In 1921 he graduated as a cadet major. He enrolled in St. Stephen's College, a predecessor of Bard College, in Annandale, New York. Deloria was a renowned college athlete, and in 1922 Walter Camp named him an honorable mention all-American back. He graduated from St. Stephen's in liberal arts in 1926.

22. Public & Private School Listings - North Dakota School Information Private schools north dakota boarding School Directory Information on boarding schools includes a national directory. http://educationseek.com/schools/Private_Schools/North_Dakota/

FAQs Site Map Home Resources ... Suggest A Site Recent Post - "i donnot like..." - "cual es el valor del grado 12" - "formas de pago" - "Accident at Daycare" ... - "marching band" Help for Troubled Teens: www.ed.gov nces.ed.gov Military Schools Private Schools ... Boarding School Directory Information on boarding schools includes a national directory. http://www.myboardingschool.com/sch/USA/ BISMARCK DICKINSON FARGO GLENBURN ... WILLISTON BISMARCK MARTIN LUTHER ELEMENTARY SCHOO 413 EAST AVENUE D Grades: PK-8 DICKINSON TRINITY HIGH SCHOOL PO BOX 1177 Grades: 7-12 FARGO GRACE LUTHERAN SCHOOL 1025 14TH AVE S Grades: PK-8 GLENBURN LYNCH IMMANUEL ELEM SCHOOL 18301 HWY 83 N Grades: PK-K JAMESTOWN OUR SAVIORS LUTHERAN E 402 5TH AVE SE Grades: 1-8 LARIMORE NEW TESTAMENT BAPTIST SCHOOL PO BOX 40 Grades: K-12 MANDAN IMMANUEL CHRISTIAN ELEMENTARY 1004 7 ST SW Grades: K-8 MINOT LITTLE FLOWER ELEM SCHOOL 800 UNIVERSITY AVE WEST Grades: PK-5 WILLISTON TRINITY CHRISTIAN SCHOOL 213 26TH ST E Grades: PK-12 Comment or Questions on Schools or Education(Post A Comment) name: website: email: subject: comment: denotes required field Educational Articles Christian Schools Boarding Schools Military Schools Private Schools ... Wyoming

23. North Dakota Public & Private School Listings - Nd School Information Educational Articles. Christian schools boarding schools Military schools Private schools Educational Group Homes http://educationseek.com/schools/USA/ND/

FAQs Site Map Home Resources ... Suggest A Site Recent Post - "i donnot like..." - "cual es el valor del grado 12" - "formas de pago" - "Accident at Daycare" ... - "marching band" Help for Troubled Teens: www.ed.gov nces.ed.gov Military Schools USA ... WILLIAMS Comment or Questions on Schools or Education(Post A Comment) name: website: email: subject: comment: denotes required field Educational Articles Christian Schools Boarding Schools Military Schools Private Schools ... Wyoming

24. Private Vs. Public Schools: What's The Difference? - North Dakota - GreatSchools north dakota test scores. Back to School Tips and Resources The median tuition for boarding schools is $12000 for grades 1 to 3, $27000 for grades 6 to http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/nd/197/

Back to School Tips and Resources Change State Alabama Alaska Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Washington DC West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming School Name or District and/or City Home Compare Schools My School List Back to School ... About Us Article Tools Print This Article Email This Article Sign-up For Newsletters Give Us Your Feedback Private vs. Public Schools: What's the Difference? (Page 1 of 3) Your goal is to find a school that will meet your child's needs. But how do you choose between a public school and a private school? By Victoria Thorp and Jesse James, GreatSchools.net Staff Cost Public schools cannot charge tuition. They are funded through federal, state and local taxes. When you pay your taxes, you are paying for your child's education and the education of other children in your community. Private schools cost money. Private schools do not receive tax revenues, but instead are funded through tuition, fundraising, donations and private grants. According to the National Association of Independent Schools, the median tuition for private day schools in the United States is close to $12,000 for grades 1 to 3, $13,000 for grades 6 to 8 and $15,000 for grades 9 to 12. The median tuition for boarding schools is $12,000 for grades 1 to 3, $27,000 for grades 6 to 9, and $28,000 for grades 9 to 12. Parochial schools generally charge somewhat less.

25. University Of North Dakota | InsertOfficeName University of north dakota. Enrollment Services Dream. Connect. The study of American Indian boarding schools has grown into one of the richest areas http://www.und.edu/dept/oid/fall2005sfrg.htm

Skip to main content. UND Home OID Home OID Contact Information SEARCH UND A to Z Index Directory Map OID ... E-mail Us Welcome New Fall 2005 Mini-Courses Student/Faculty Reading Groups Part-Term, 1 credit Looking for a fun, informal one-credit class to fill out your schedule? Try one of these new Student/Faculty Reading Groups offered by Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS). All groups meet for six weeks only and are graded S/U. They are limited to 12 students and 2 faculty per group and are organized as informal learning communities in which the faculty, like the students, are "co-learners" reading in a field outside their areas of expertise. IDS 399 Science and Imagination Location: O'Kelly 115 Faculty: Richard Millspaugh and Carl Barrentine RISK-TAKERS WANTED! Explore the eccentric lives and nimble minds of three genuine geniuses: Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, and Salvador Dali. This one-time-only, one-credit interdisciplinary experience will journey through a labyrinth of unprecedented intellectual landscapes, places far beyond the domestic borders of consciousness, intuition, and reality. If you're bold and ready to illuminate the shadowy world of the unconscious, if you're carefree and willing to fling your imagination to the far edges of space-time, or if you are burdened and ready to jettison common notions of reality and sail off to surrealistic shores, then you're welcome to participate in this course. Students and faculty will read

26. University Of North Dakota University News University of north dakota. UND News. Peter Johnson. and Esther Horne, a retired teacher in Indian boarding schools and a descendant of Sacajawea, http://www.und.edu/news/NEW_SCRIPTS/newsrelease.jsp?id=218

27. Family Help In North Dakota Resources in north dakota to help families with troubled teens. Support groups, schools and programs, boarding schools and Programs for Troubled Teens http://www.focusas.com/NorthDakota.html

Focus Adolescent Services Need help for your teen? Call FocusAS M-F 9 am-5 pm ET Family Help in NORTH DAKOTA North Dakota Information Organizations Programs Support ... Books Click here to find out if your child is at-risk, displaying self-destructive behaviors, and needs your help and intervention. Home Resources State Directory Schools ... Contact HOTLINES AND HELPLINES Child Pornography Tipline ChildhelpUSA Child Abuse Hotline 1-800-4-A-CHILD Minot Domestic Violence and Crisis Line Minot Rape Crisis Line National Domestic Violence/Abuse Hotline 1-800-799-SAFE TDD National Hotlines and Helplines National Runaway Switchboard 1-800-RUNAWAY National Suicide Hotline 1-800-SUICIDE North Dakota Suicide and Crisis Hotlines Poison Help Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network (RAINN) 1-800-656-HOPE Toll-Free Numbers for Health Information AS SEEN ON DISCOVERY HEALTH CHANNEL Promising new research shows an 80% reduction in symptoms of bipolar and other emotional disorders Click here to learn how TRUEHOPE can help.

28. North Dakota Schools Online north dakota schools Online contains links to private schools which have their Choose from day and boarding schools, K12 schools, single sex schools http://privateschool.about.com/od/schoolsnd1/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Education Private Schools U.S. Schools ... North Dakota North Dakota Schools Online Education Private Schools Essentials Private School FAQs ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Private Schools newsletter! See Online Courses Search Private Schools North Dakota Schools Online Visit these schools virtually. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Dakota Adventist Academy, Bismarck "Dakota Adventist Academy has been established for the education of the whole person." K-12. Coed. Day. Hillcrest Lutheran Academy and Junior High School, Fergus Falls Two year Junior high school; four year Boarding Senior high school with a Christ-centered curriculum. Topic Index Email to a Friend Our Story Be a Guide ... New York Times Company Around About Poll: What would you do with $10 million? Spend it Pay bills Donate ... Tips for Women Travelling What's Hot San Francisco Schools Do You Have To Be Certified?

29. Prairie Public.Org Radio Radio Home Prairie Public Television north dakota Public Radio when Native American children were routinely forced to attend distant boarding schools to rid them http://www.prairiepublic.org/programs/datebook/bydate/05/0305/030305.jsp

30. High Schools, Grand Forks, North Dakota, ND, SuperPages, Yellow Pages Earn your Degree in north dakota Accredited Associate Degrees designed Experience Hawaii! Experience Hawaii! College Prep boarding High School http://www.superpages.com/yellowpages/C-High Schools/S-ND/T-Grand Forks/

document.cookie="OpenPhones="; Skip to Main Content Yellow Pages Merchandise eBay Results Web Results Keyword browse Or Business Name Location (City, State, or ZIP) More Search Options Help Advanced Search Search Within a Map ... North Dakota High Schools in Grand Forks Related Categories Education High Schools Narrow Your Results (Click label to show all items) Services Offered Services Offered Close Close After School Programs Assessments ... Summer Schedules Yellow Pages - Advertisers Next Display Options: Show In Grand Forks ND only Within select distance 1/2 mile 1 mile 2 miles 3 miles 5 miles 10 miles 15 miles 20 miles 25 miles 50 miles 100 miles On a Map Higher Education Guide Find details on programs and degrees of online and campus colleges and universities, career, specialty, technical, trade and vocational schools. http://www.e-referencedesk.com/ Win $5000 to Pay for High School Sign up for FREE to win $5000 Scholarship - Valid for any educational opportunity, HS, GED, college, pay student loans or give as a gift. www.FreeScholarshipGuide.com Categories: High School Diploma Distance Learning Programs Earn your nationally accredited high school diploma at home. James Madison High School offers two self-paced programs: correspondence and online.

31. WOTE Program Four: Contemporary Rhythms In Indian country, the term boarding schools usually evokes images of children torn from Leo Lockwood, an Arikara man from New Town, north dakota, http://www.wisdomoftheelders.org/prog204/transcript_cr.htm

Contemporary Rhythms with Milt Lee home meet our team join our mailing list ... program four the transcript Leo Lockwood Arlie Neskahi : In Indian country, the term "boarding schools" usually evokes images of children torn from families, mouths being washed out with soap, long braids chopped. But for some, the boarding school was a garden in which new things sprouted and grew. This was true for an Arikara musician who picked up his first set of drum sticks at Flandreau Indian School. Today, on Contemporary Rhythms, Milt Lee talks with Leo Lockwood about his introduction to contemporary Native music. Musical opening with drum sticks on cardboard sound Milt Lee : Great music doesn't necessarily grow out of a great environment. Musicians often seek rhythm and sound out of need, out of loneliness, out of heartbreak. In a sense, boarding schools were like an incubator. Leo Lockwood, an Arikara man from New Town, North Dakota, is one of these people. Leo Lockwood : I think the whole influence of music started way back. When I was in the third grade I was shipped off to a boarding school, and at the time there wasn't very many activities and with the boarding school life, there's a lot of peer pressure. There's a lot of rivalry between kids and one of the things that I've done was that I retreated into my room for safety. And they had this phonograph that you could check out and I found it more comforting to go check out the phonograph and listen to all, you know they had some up to date music, and then just staying by myself listening to music.

32. North Dakota Schools Lots of north dakota school Links good site. http//www.bismarck.k12.nd. us/user/schools/ Good site if your looking for a boarding school. http://www.schoolanddaycare.com/html/north_dakota_schools.html

Web schoolanddaycare Questions? Comments? e-mail us at: questions@schooland daycare.com North Dakota Schools http:// www.sendit.nodak.edu/schools/ Lots Of Links to North Dakota Schools http:// www.nvo.com/ecnewletter/northdakotaschools/ Lots of North Dakota school Links...good site. http:// www.bismarck.k12.nd.us/user/schools/ Links to Bismark schools. http:// schooltree.org/ND.asp Great site, lots of good links. http:// elsurfo.com/school/nd.htm Great Site, recommended. http:// www.amshq.org/schools.htm Great site to find Montessori schools and preschools. http:// www.montessoriconnections.com Nationwide directory of Montessori schools....good site. http:// www.lutheransonline.com/ National Site with A Directory of Lutheran Schools. http:// www.publicschoolreview.com Lots of info about public schools across the country, good site. http:// www.boardingschoolreview.com/ Good site if your looking for a boarding school. http:// www.catholicusa.com/catholic_schools_online/catholic_schools.htm http:// www.us-israel.org/jsource/bibusa.html

33. Morris Human Rights Commission The Morris school was one of a series of government boarding schools nationwide. either from the Turtle Mountain reservation in north dakota, http://www.morrismn.org/mhrc/articles/mrsIndSchl.shtml

MHRC Home Current News About MHRC What is Discrimination? ... Members of the MHRC Articles Learning About Other Cultures Through Film Remembering Brown v. Board of Education Native American Powwow Dispelling Myths About Immigrants ... The Americans With Disabilities Act Annual Reports Links Morris Indian Boarding School For 22 years, from 1887 to 1909, a Native American boarding school was located on the site of the current UMM campus. Morris residents can still see two of these early buildings, a dormitory and the Superintendent's House, which are still standing. More than 2,000 children attended the school during its history. It was established in 1887 by the Catholic Sisters of Mercy, who ran it under contract with the U.S. government. In 1896 the federal government began to operate the school. Called the Morris Industrial School for Indians, it was at times the largest Indian boarding school in Minnesota. The Morris school was one of a series of government boarding schools nationwide. They were an important part of a national policy to "assimilate" or blend Indians into Euro-American society. It was believed this would not happen unless Native Americans left their own culture behind. A radical aspect of this strategy was to separate children from their homes for long periods of time and send them to boarding schools where they were "taught" to become Euro-American. Children as young as kindergarten age attended the Morris school. The children were allowed to speak only English. They were required to dress and style their hair like Euro-Americans. Sometimes they were not allowed to return home over the summer, in part to keep them from being overly-influenced by their own cultures.

34. Boarding Schools In USA,California,Texas,Florida,New York,Best US Private Girls, Best boarding schools in United States, US Private Colleges Santa FeNew Mexico., Albany-New York., Raleigh-north Carolina., Bismarck-north dakota., http://www.learn4good.com/great_schools/boarding_schools_usa.htm

American, British Boarding Schools, Private Boarding Schools in USA, UK, England, Ireland, United States, Canada, Australia, California, Texas, Florida, New York, Canada, France, India Residential School, US Summer Programs Search our website Home Site Map Schools Jobs ... Kids Area Sponsor of the Month Study Abroad Programs Top 10 Language Schools Boarding Schools Colleges, Diploma Programs Distance Learning Education ... Boarding Schools in California Best Boarding Schools in USA - California, Texas, New York.. 1. The Delphian School Courses: School Information Page We offer a full K-12 program with a complete curriculum in each school. The school is authorized under Federal Law to enroll non-immigrant alien students. 2. La Lumiere School Courses: La Lumiere School La Lumiere is a small, northern Indiana located school that is directed towards helping the youth obtain the important information for them to succeed in college and in the world. La Lumiere is located in La Porte, Indiana, just a little over an hour away from Chicago and is a coeducational boarding and day college-preparatory high school. School Information Page La Lumiere offers an assortment of classes ranging from French and Spanish, to computer orienting classes such as Java and Web Design

35. Islamic School Addresses In North America north dakota Central Zone Full lodging and Notes boarding. Sister Clara Muhammad School 2575 Imperial Avenue San Diego, CA 92102 Phone (619) http://www.msa-natl.org/resources/Schools.html

Islamic School Addresses in North America List of Islamic Schools in North America (compiled from various sources). CLICK HERE TO VISIT OUR REDESIGNED WEBSITE United States: US East Zone: including the states of Alabama Connecticut District of Columbia Delaware ... Virginia , and West Virginia US Central Zone: including the states of Arkansas Illinois Indiana Iowa ... Texas , and Wisconsin US West Zone: including the states of Alaska Arizona California Colorado ... Washington , and Wyoming Canada: Atlantic Provinces Quebec Ontario , and the Western Provinces Educational Organizations dealing with Islamic Education of Children, Adults, etc. United States - EAST ZONE - Massachusetts - East Zone Islamic Elementary School (10/96) 1380 Soldiers Field Road Boston, MA 02215 Phone: (617) 961-4563 Islamic Society Of Boston/Weekend Islamic School (Al-Bashaar) (7/96) 204 Prospect St Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone: 617-876-3546 Fax: 617-441-0720 Email: sameh@cdsp.neu.edu (Sameh Ahmed) Notes: Inshaa Allah The Full time Islamic school will start on Notes: 1996/1997 school year. ISB is affiliated with ISNA, Notes: MAYA and ICNE (The Islamic Council of New England). Sister Clara Muhammad School 150 Magnolia St. Dorchester, MA 02125 Phone: (617) 289-4037; (617) 445-4623 Notes: CLOSED. Al-Hamra Academy Elementary School (8/96) Times Square Plaza, 200 West Main Street, unit 4 Northborough, MA 01532 Phone: 508-393-0171 School of Islamic Studies (10/96) 84 Chase Drive Sharon, MA 02067 Phone: (617) 784-0519 Email:

36. Agenda 2003 - Saving North Dakota And if rural north dakota continues to lose people, school taxes will rise on regional boarding schools in sparsely populated parts of north dakota. http://www.in-forum.com/specials/savingnd/index2.cfm?page=articles_inside&id=248

37. Indianz.Com > News > Yellow Bird: Boarding Schools Forced Assimilation Yellow Bird boarding schools forced assimilation Monday, November 22, 2004 Yellow Bird A newbies guide to north dakota Indians (07/12) http://indianz.com/News/2004/005445.asp

Search: News Indian Gaming In The Hoop Home News Headlines printer friendly version Yellow Bird: Boarding schools forced assimilation Monday, November 22, 2004 "My father intensely disliked his years at Chemewa Indian Mission School in Salem, Ore. They made the students wear uniforms that cut into their necks and carry wooden guns, he told us. He was sent to that school because when the federal agents would come around to pick up the kids for schools near the reservation, he would run away. When they did round him up and take him to school, he sometimes would be back home before the agent came looking for the next group. So they sent him far away. He didn't have a first name, so at Chemawa Indian school, the mission agents gave him the name Grover - a name he always hated. We suspected it was after President Grover Cleveland, but my father didn't care about this white president and thought his name sounded like a dog - Rover. It was federal policy that in order to assimilate them, children should be separated from their parents. They had to leave their culture and language behind. When these students returned, my father claimed, they were dark-skinned white people." Get the Story: DORREEN YELLOW BIRD COLUMN: To all those who would not fit in (The Grand Forks Herald 11/20) More Dorreen Yellow Bird: Yellow Bird: The most terrifying snowstorm ever Yellow Bird: Feeling guilty about your new car Yellow Bird: Remembering my brother, a Vietnam vet

38. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Diocese Of Bismarck In north dakota, this diocese was erected on 31 December, 1909, 8 parochial schools; 3 Catholic hospitals; 2 Catholic Indian boardingschools; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16010b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... B > Diocese of Bismarck A B C D ... CICDC - Home of the Catholic Lifetime Reading Plan Diocese of Bismarck (BISMARCKIENSIS). In North Dakota , this diocese was erected on 31 December, 1909, and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of St. Paul, Minnesota. It comprises the counties of Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Burleigh Divide, Dunn, Emmons, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Morton, Mountrail, Oliver, Renville, Stark, Ward, and Williams, an area of 42,316 square miles. Mgr. Vincent Wehrle was elected its first bishop on 9 April, and was consecrated at St. Paul, 19 May, 1910. Born at Berg, Switzerland, 20 December, 1855, Bishop Wehrle made his profession at the Benedictine Monastery of Einsiedeln, 3 December, 1876, and was ordained priest on 23 April, 1882. Appointed to the American apostolate shortly afterwards, he founded numerous missions and parishes in North Dakota . In 1884 he erected the Priory of St. Gall, and in 1901 St. Mary's Abbey at Richardton, of which he was elected abbot in 1903. The diocese receives its name from the city of Bismarck (5443 inhabitants), the capital of the state. The early Catholic history of the territory has been treated in the article NORTH DAKOTA . According to the latest statistics the diocese contains: 1 bishop; 25 secular and 28 regular (Benedictine) priests; 34 churches with resident priests (3 for Indians); 53 missions with churches (5 for Indians); 43 stations without churches (2 for Indians); 8 parochial schools; 3 Catholic hospitals; 2 Catholic Indian boarding-schools; about 27,000 Catholics (1200 Indians). In 1911 there were 2596 confirmations and 1912 baptisms (83 of adults). The Sisters of St. Benedict (48 in all) have houses at Bismarck, Dickinson, Fort Yates, Glen Ullin, Richardton, and Elbow Woods. The Ursuline Sisters (11) have a convent at St. Anthony, and the Franciscan Sisters (4) have charge of the hospital at Minot.

39. Amnesty Magazine “Native America knows all too well the reality of the boarding schools,” writes who attended a north dakota boarding school, “where recent generations http://www.amnestyusa.org/amnestynow/soulwound.html

@import "/c/ai.css"; Amnesty International USA learn latest news countries ... students search Amnesty Magazine Soul Wound: The Legacy of Native American Schools U.S. and Canadian authorities took Native children from their homes and tried to school, and sometimes beat, the Indian out them. Now Native Americans are fighting the theft of language, of culture, and of childhood itself. BY ANDREA SMITH Andrea Smith (Cherokee) is interim coordinator for the Boarding School Healing Project and a Bunche Fellow coordinating AIUSA's research project on Sexual Violence and American Indian women. Government officials found the Carlisle model an appealing alternative to the costly military campaigns against Indians in the West. Within three decades of Carlisle's opening, nearly 500 schools extended all the way to California. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) controlled 25 off-reservation boarding schools while churches ran 460 boarding and day schools on reservations with government funds. Rampant sexual abuse at reservation schools continued until the end of the 1980s, in part because of pre-1990 loopholes in state and federal law mandating the reporting of allegations of child sexual abuse. In 1987 the FBI found evidence that John Boone, a teacher at the BIA-run Hopi day school in Arizona, had sexually abused as many as 142 boys from 1979 until his arrest in 1987. The principal failed to investigate a single abuse allegation. Boone, one of several BIA schoolteachers caught molesting children on reservations in the late 1980s, was convicted of child abuse, and he received a life sentence. Acting BIA chief William Ragsdale admitted that the agency had not been sufficiently responsive to allegations of sexual abuse, and he apologized to the Hopi tribe and others whose children BIA employees had abused.

40. SOUL WOUND The Legacy Of Native American Schools. By Andrea Smith Native America knows all too well the reality of the boarding schools, writes who attended a north dakota boarding school, where recent generations http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/readings/Native

SOUL WOUND: The Legacy of Native American Schools. by Andrea Smith for Amnesty Now , Summer 2003, pp.14-16. Andrea Smith (Cherokee) is interim coordinator for the Boarding School Healing Project and a Bunche Fellow coordinating AIUSA's [Amnesty International USA] research project on Sexual Violence and American Indian women. "A little while ago, I was supposed to attend a Halloween party. I decided to dress as a nun because nuns were the scariest things I ever saw," says Willetta Dolphus, 54, a Cheyenne River Lakota. The source of her fear, still vivid decades later, was her childhood experience at American Indian boarding schools in South Dakota. Dolphus is one of more than 100,000 Native Americans forced by the U.S. government to attend Christian schools. The system, which began with President Ulysses Grant's 1869 "Peace Policy," continued well into the 20th century. Church officials, missionaries, and local authorities took children as young as five from their parents and shipped them off to Christian boarding schools; they forced others to enroll in Christian day schools on reservations. Those sent to boarding school were separated from their families for most of the year, sometimes without a single family visit. Parents caught trying to hide their children lost food rations. Virtually imprisoned in the schools, children experienced a devastating litany of abuses, from forced assimilation and grueling labor to widespread sexual and physical abuse. Scholars and activists have only begun to analyze what Joseph Gone (a Gros Ventre), a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, calls "the cumulative effects of these historical experiences across gender and generation upon tribal communities today."

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