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61. Catholic Bishops Conference Of Nigeria - A Brief History Of The Catholic Church
In the region of nigeria Yoruba liberated slaves were the most The Vicariate Apostolic of the Upper niger was created in 1884 with its centre first in
http://www.cbcn.org/aspscripts/page1.ASP
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A brief history of the Church
The Catholic Church in Nigeria - A brief history The Initial Contact with Christian Mission - 15th to 18 th century
The first wave of contact our people had with Christians and missionaries under the protection of Portugal was between the 15 th and 18 th th century were confessing Christians. A son of such a ruler was even sent to train as a priest in Portugal as the Portuguese felt that Africans might be the best missionaries to themselves. Despite the close connection between trade and mission work at this time, a lot of heroism was noted on the part of missionaries and Nigerian Christians. The evils of the society between the 16 th and 18 th
From the 19 th to the 20 th centuries:
The second wave of mission in the 19 th century West African sub-region started with the Protestants. The sheer burden of this missionary work lay with the liberated slaves and lay men and women of the West African region. In the region of Nigeria Yoruba liberated slaves were the most enterprising both in trade and in spreading Christianity. Henry Townsend and Ajai Crowther stand out clearly, as missionaries of no mean stature in the western, Niger and delta areas of Nigeria. The church they founded, made up initially of liberated slaves, later included the indigenes of the southern Nigeria area. Similar to the first wave of evangelisation from the 16

62. Western And Central Sudan, 1600Ð1800 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metro
Timeline of Art history World Map regional Map The region suffers an overall decline in regional trade and political stability.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/sfw/ht09sfw.htm
Encompasses present-day Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger, and eastern Chad
See also Central Africa Eastern Africa Guinea Coast , and Southern Africa The Moroccan invasion at the end of the sixteenth century destroys the Songhai empire and creates a period of social and political instability that provides an opportunity for the formation of other states such as . Increased contact with European merchants along the Atlantic coast draws trade away from traditional routes in the interior, and increased slave trading causes hardship among the local populations. The continuing spread of Islam throughout the region results in two waves of militant Muslim reform leading to the creation of several theocratic states.
The Moroccan army occupies the former Songhai empire, including the great trading centers of Jenne , Timbuktu, and Gao . The sultanate installs a class of foreign rulers called the arma , who assert a tenuous control over the region. Their power is challenged from within by the increasingly dominant military, while Tuareg and non-Muslim Bamana aggressors exert steady military pressure from without. The region suffers an overall decline in regional trade and political stability. The first large-scale Bamana state The English build Fort St. James on the mouth of the River Gambia, giving it access to the Sudanic trade routes of the interior.

63. Africa Map, 1-500 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum Of Ar
Timeline of Art history World Map Libya (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya), Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, niger, nigeria,
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hm/05/af/hm05af.htm

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Tassili-n-Ajjer Game Pass Nomansland
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64. Nigeria: History
Goldie s firm, given (1886) a British royal charter, as the Royal niger In the Western region, a bloc of the Action Group split off (1962) under SI
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860005.html
in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia
Daily Almanac for
Sep 24, 2005

65. The History Guy: New And Recent Conflicts Of The World
The organization s goal is independence for the Basque region of northern 9, 2002) Forces loyal to the government of niger put down an army mutiny that
http://www.historyguy.com/new_and_recent_conflicts.html
New and Recent Conflicts of the World Home Military History Historical Personalitie What's New ... Site Map The world is a violent place, and for various political, economic, religious and other reasons, wars and conflicts often erupt. The purpose of this web page is to chronicle these conflicts and attempt to explain why they occur and what may result from them. This page contains four current sections and one section not yet completed. The current sections are:
  • Recently concluded or suspended wars and conflicts Major Acts of Terrorism
  • More detail to be added as time allows
    Alphabetical listing. q Afghan War q Al-Aqsa Intifada (Israeli-Palestinian Conflict) (high-risk to become a regional war) q Algerian Civil War q Basque Separatist Conflict q Burma (Myanmar) Civil War Military operations near border areas have brought both rebels and the Burmese government into occasional conflict with neighboring Thailand. q Burundi Civil War The rebels use neighboring Congo as a base to launch attacks, thereby giving the Burundi government reason to involve itself in the Second Congolese War q Colombian Civil War The United States is providing military and logistical support to the government.

    66. History Of NIGERIA
    She reaches the mouth of the niger three months later, entering history as the In 1893 the delta region is organized as the niger Coast Protectorate.
    http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad41

    67. AEGiS: Republic Of Niger
    Information about Republic of niger. regional and global structures and networks for improved monitoring and surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs.
    http://www.aegis.com/countries/niger.html
    Local time in Niamey:
    Facts and Figures
    Official Name
    Republic of Niger.
    Capital City Niamey.
    Languages French (official), Hausa, Djerma.
    Official Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States.
    Ethnic Groups Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates.
    Religions Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian.
    Population 10,639,744 (July 2002 est.).
    Land Area 11,266,700 sq km (489,075 sq miles).
    History Not until 1993, 35 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999. UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact Sheets [English] [French] Global Surveillance of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a joint effort of WHO and UNAIDS. The UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, initiated in November 1996, guides respective activities. The primary objective of the working group is to strengthen national, regional and global structures and networks for improved monitoring and surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs. For this purpose, the working group collaborates closely with national AIDS programmes and a number of national and international experts and institutions. The goal of this collaboration is to compile the best information available and to improve the quality of data needed for informed decision-making and planning at national, regional and global levels. The Epidemiological Fact Sheets are one of the products of this close and fruitful collaboration across the globe.

    68. Niger River History, Niger
    niger River history. niger (07/05) Read More Mali (03/05) Archaeological materialfrom sites in the region of the niger River Valley and the Bandiagara
    http://creekin.net/k15895-n136-niger-river-history-niger.html
    Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact
    Niger River History
    Niger
    Principal Locations
  • Agadez
    Arlit

    Ayourou

    Bilma
    ...
    Zinder

  • Resources
    Niger River History
    Niger (07/05) Read More Mali (03/05) The Niger River also is an important source of fish, providing food for riverside communities; the surplussmoked, salted, and driedis exported. Due to drought and diversion of river water for agriculture, fish production has steadily declined since the early 1980s. The government has started plans to develop fish breeding, mainly in the Niger delta, in order to boost fish production. ... Mali is active in regional organizations. It participates in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the West African Economic Monetary Union (UEMOA) for regional economic integration; Liptako-Gourma Authority, which seeks to develop the contiguous areas of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso; the Niger River Commission; the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS); and the Senegal River Valley Development Organization (OMVS). ... [ Read More Mali Federal Register Notice, 1997

    69. GWP - West Africa
    The regional West African Water Partnership is a privileged forum to meet the and with the agreement of the authorities of niger and GWP Secretariat,
    http://www.gwpforum.org/servlet/PSP?iNodeID=134

    70. History Of Africa: AD 1 To 1994
    900, Kasar Hausa (Hausaland), a fertile region on the lower niger river in 1720s, Yoruba state of Oyo still dominates region west of the niger river in
    http://home.vicnet.net.au/~neils/africa/africa-history.htm
    HOME History of Africa AD 1 Revolt of Tacfarinas, Numidian leader, against Roman government in North Africa Mauretania (now northern Morocco and northwestern Algeria) annexed by Rome Roman force explores up the Nile Valley into Sudan
    AD 100 c. 100 Aksum becomes capital of major state in Eritrea, northern Ethiopia Revolt of Jewish community in Cyrenaica (northeastern Libya) against Roman administration Libyan Septimius Severus is emperor of Rome
    AD 200 c. 200 Roman emperor Septimius Severus strengthens frontier defences in North Africa with chain of forts and long ditches Revolt in Africa against Roman rule begins half-century of unrest Emperor Diocletian reorganizes local government in North Africa
    AD 300 c. 300 - 400 Bantu cereal cultivators in southeast Africa begin to herd cattle c. 330 - 40 Beginning of conversion of kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia-Eritrea to Christianity, by Bishop Frumentius c. 350 End of Kushite civilization at Meroe; it is possibly brought down by invasion from kingdom of Aksum c. 397

    71. Postgraduate Prospectus : History - University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne
    regional history, MRes. 12 months full time. Aims. To study the history of regions and regionalism across time and space at an advanced level,
    http://www.ncl.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/subjects/history/courses/403
    Skip to Content Skip to Navigation
    University of
    Newcastle upon Tyne
    ... Accessibility S earch Skip to Navigation
    History.
    Regional History, MRes
    12 months full time
    Aims
    To study the history of regions and regionalism across time and space at an advanced level, through an extended programme of research training and teaching in the approaches used by regional historians.
    School Web pages:
    Programme Description
    This unique new research training programme is designed to provide a springboard to PhD-level work. It is offered in collaboration with the AHRB Centre for North-East England History, which means students benefit from the combined expertise of regional historians based in the universities of Durham, Newcastle, Northumbria, Sunderland and Teesside. Compulsory modules (120 credits) are offered through a programme of workshops and seminars, covering a wide range of topics including: introduction to information skills; dissertation preparation; research methods in history; IT and history; issues in regional history; approaches to regional history. All modules are assessed by submitted course work. In the final semester students complete a dissertation on their chosen aspect of regional history (60 credits).
    Entrance Requirements
    A good 2:1 Honours degree in history or a related field. Applicants whose first language is not English require IELTS 6.5, TOEFL 575 (paper-based) or 233 (computer-based), or equivalent.

    72. History And Government, Niger. Information About Niger, Complete Guide For Niger
    history Evidence of human settlement in the region now known as niger goes back 6000 years, when what was then a highly fertile area supported a
    http://destinia.com/guide/the world/africa/niger/1-30001-30164/16/en
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    Africa Niger History and Government - Niger
    History : Evidence of human settlement in the region now known as Niger goes back 6000 years, when what was then a highly fertile area supported a well-developed civilisation. In the thousand years up to the 19th century, power in the region was based on control of the great trans-Saharan trade routes. The Hausa Kingdom dominated the central area from the 13th century. This power decreased from the 18th century onwards, as European traders used sea routes to make contact with West Africa. Colonised by the French in the late 19th century, Niger became part of French West Africa until 1958. It achieved independence in 1960. Hamani Diori was elected head of state and re-elected in 1965 and 1970. His government presided over a period of stability until its latter stages when severe drought from 1968 onwards brought about widespread civil unrest.
    In April 1974, the army, which is prone to intervening in Niger's politics, staged a military coup under Lieutenant Colonel (later Major General) Seyni Kountché. A series of failed coups followed when Kountché attempted to civilianise the government. By 1983 however, the legislative Council of Ministers was entirely composed of civilians, under Prime Minister Oumarou Maname. Kountché died in 1987, to be replaced by his staunch ally, Ali Seibou, who consolidated his position during the late 1980s. Seibou established the

    73. Benin (08/05)
    Facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, economy, In the north and the northwest of Benin the Reserve du W du niger and
    http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/6761.htm
    Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes
    Bureau of African Affairs
    August 2005
    Background Note: Benin

    PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME:
    Republic of Benin Geography
    Area: 116,622 sq. km. (43,483 sq. mi.).
    Cities: Capital Porto-Novo (pop. 295,000). Political and economic capital Cotonou (pop. 2 million).
    Terrain: Mostly flat plains of 200 meters average elevation, but the Atacora Mountains extend along the northwest border, with the highest point being Mont Sokbaro 658 meters.
    Climate: Tropical, average temperatures between 24 o and 31 o C. Humid in south; semiarid in north. People
    Nationality: Noun and adjective Beninese (singular and plural). Population (2004 est.): 7.25 million. Annual growth rate (2001 est.): 2.89%. Ethnic groups: African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, and Bariba), Europeans 5,500. Religions: Indigenous beliefs (animist) 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%. Languages: French (official), Fon and Yoruba in the south; Nagot, Bariba and Dendi in the north. Education (2001 est.):

    74. Nigeria The Southern Area - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Reso
    These were the peoples of the niger River delta area and those on the border the Yoruba had a strong sense of ethnic identity and of region, history,
    http://www.photius.com/countries/nigeria/society/nigeria_society_the_southern_ar

    Nigeria The Southern Area
    http://www.photius.com/countries/nigeria/society/nigeria_society_the_southern_area.html
    Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook
      Back to Nigeria Society Village elder from Gusau in highlands of eastern Nigeria
      Courtesy World Bank (Josef Hadad) In general, the southern groups of peoples have a fragmented quality. In 1990 the two most important groupings were the Igbo and the Yorubaboth linguistic communities rather than single ethnic units. History, language, and membership in the modern nation-state, however, had led to their identity as ethnic groups. In addition, although not as clearly differentiated, two subunits had strong traditions of ethnic separateness. These were the peoples of the Niger River delta area and those on the border between the Igbo and Yoruba. The Yoruba kingdoms were essentially unstable, even when defended by Portuguese guns and later by cavalry (in Ilorin and Kabba), because the central government had insufficient power constitutionally or militarily to stabilize the subordinate chiefs in the outlying centers. This fissiparous tendency has governed Yoruba contemporary history and has weakened traditional rulers and strengthened the hands of local chiefs and elected councils. Ilorin, like Nupe to the north, was an exception, an extension of Fulani imperial expansion; in 1990 it was ethnically Yoruba, yet more closely allied through its traditional rulers to the Islamic societies to the north. It thus formed a bridge between north and south.

    75. Content
    history OF niger. DJIBO HAMANI* The state of niger is situated in the centre between the Mediterranean region and the Golf of Guinea and between the
    http://www.uni-hohenheim.de/~atlas308/b_niger/projects/b1_3/html/english/history
    HISTORY OF NIGER DJIBO HAMANI* * Geography Department, FLSH, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, B.P.. 418 Niamey, Niger,
    email: depgeo@intnet.ne
    The state of Niger is situated in the centre between the Mediterranean region and the Golf of Guinea and between the Atlantic Ocean and the river Nile. Its historical development, its demographic characteristics and its cultural identity is mainly determined by this central position, lying nearly totally in the saharo-sahelian environment. The Kanem royal empire, which extended over the eastern half of Niger reached veritable strength, conquering Fezzan (Libya) in the 13th century under the leader Dunama Dibbalemi. The 15th century was a remarkable historical period with the creation of the Air sultan empire (1405), the constitution of the Borno state by the Seyfawa dynasty, renaissance of the Songhay empire under Sonni Ali Ber (1464-1492) (setting an end to the Malien superiority in the western Sudan), growth of the Haussa states which developed the first caravan tracks between the central Sudan and the southerly states (Gonja, Ashanti and Golf of Guinea), development of more complex political structures, and finally the progress of the Islam. This favourable evolution reached its maximum in the Songhay empire under king Askia Mohammed (1493-1528) and in the Borno state under king Idris Alawoma (1571-1603). The whole of Niger was under the influence of these two kingdoms in the 16th century. Due to this peaceful period, economic development was enhanced between the different regions of Niger and between Niger and the Mediterranean and southern coastal regions. Agadez became a rich and busy market centre with an intense and living culture. During this period Sheikh Zakariya constructed the famous 27 m high minaret, the attraction of the town.

    76. Protected Areas Programme -
    Link to WCMC Forest Programme. Natural World Heritage. COUNTRY niger. NAME W National Park A Note on niger regional Rundown, Gnusletter 10 13-14.
    http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/'w'-np.htm
    Protected Areas Programme
    Natural World Heritage
    COUNTRY Niger NAME 'W' National Park IUCN MANAGEMENT CATEGORY II (National Park) Natural World Heritage Site - Criteria: ii, iv BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 3.04.04 (West African Woodland/Savanna) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Established as a National Park by Decree on 4 August 1954; originally classified as a Faunal Reserve and State Forest on 25 June 1953 by Decree No. 4676. Recognized as an internationally important wetland site under the Ramsar Convention in 1987. In April 1996 the government of Niger officially notified the project to create a Biosphere Reserve in the W region of Niger, with the 'W' National Park as a core zone. Inscribed on the World Heritage List as a natural property in 1996. AREA 220,000ha; contiguous to Tamou (75,600ha) and Dosso (306,500ha) buffer Faunal Reserves, and to 'W' National Parks in Burkina Faso (190,000ha) and Benin (502,000ha). LAND TENURE Government ALTITUDE From 180m to 338m (Yeriyombou), with an average height of 250m.

    77. MISSIO IMMACULATAE: Missionary Page Of The Franciscans Of The Immaculate
    While Britain was consolidating these areas, it granted the Royal niger Company a The regional power bases of these parties foreshadowed the divisive
    http://www.marymediatrix.com/mission/kb/kb15/2.shtml
    FI MISSION IN NIGERIA List of Articles about Nigerian Mission FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Introduction History Land and Resources
    The People
    ... Culture and Arts FACTS AT A GLANCE Country name:
    Federal Republic of Nigeria Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Population: Ethnic groups: more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani
    29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% Nationality: Nigerian Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
    Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
    Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write
    total population:57.1%

    78. Talking Points Memo: By Joshua Micah Marshall
    Now, Tobin was then the Northeast regional Director for the National Whatever else one can say about the man, his trip to niger or anything else,
    http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/
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    79. Economist.com | Country Briefings: Nigeria
    history in brief Nov 15th 2004 From Economist.com. The discovery of StoneAge tools Colonial-era regional and ethnic rivalries carried on without pause.
    http://www.economist.com/countries/Nigeria/profile.cfm?folder=History in brief

    80. African Arts: Ways Of The Rivers: Arts And Environment Of The Niger Delta
    One of the unfortunate circumstances of niger Delta art history is that it is If geography doesn t satisfy how about canoe trade a region of rivers and
    http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0438/is_3_36/ai_113455193
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    ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Ways of the Rivers: Arts and Environment of the Niger Delta African Arts Autumn, 2003 by Joseph Nevadomsky
    Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Edited by Martha G. Anderson and Philip M. Peek One of the unfortunate circumstances of Niger Delta art history is that it is a sidebar to conversations elsewherea dumping ground, say, for the "Lower Niger Bronze Industry"overshadowed by research on the Yoruba, the Benin kingdom, and the Igbo. To be sure, the Niger Delta has its champions. The historian E. J. Alagoa, the anthropologists Robin Horton, Philip Lets, and Marida Hollos, and the linguist Kay Williamson are stalwarts. The anthropologist Philip Peek and the art historians Joanne Etcher and Martha Anderson lead the regatta too, as do other contributors to this catalogue and the related special issue of African Arts (The Niger Delta and Beyond, Spring 2002). But in the cacophony of Nigerian voices, those of the metropolis are more audible and less diffuse.

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