61. IIZ/DVV - Publications - Editorial Programme ngbaka Adult Education Programme (local NGO) Programme OlderPeoples’ Literacy Project. Place South africa (Clermont Settlement near http://www.iiz-dvv.de/englisch/Publikationen/Supplements/60_2003/eng_annex.htm

Home back Annexes Annex A List of Persons Surveyed and Interviewed for this Study Name Survey questionaire Conversation, interview Country Institution Kazi Rafiqul Alam X Bangladesh Dhaka Ahsania Mission 2 Maria Lourdes Almazan-Khae X India ASPBAE ;Asian South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education , 3 Guillermo AIonso Angu]o X Mexico-Yuoat~m IEPAAC 4 Aye Aoki X • Japan/USA The World Bank 5 David Archer X UK Action Aid 6. Jose PabloArellano X Chile ECLAC/CEPAL 7 Alfredo Astorga B. X Ecuador: GTZ, German Cooperation Ecuador 8 Mamadou Bagayoko X Kenya UNICEF KenyaCountry Office 9 Luis Barnola X Venezuela/ Canada IBRC- International Devel opment Research Centre 10 Paul B~langer " X Canada ICAE-International Council for Adult Education 11 Julia Betts X X UK DFID 12 Herbans Bhola X India/USA Indiana University 13 Beffina Bochynek X X Germany UIE- UNESCO Institutefor Education 14 Kolumbe Boly X Burkina Fasso Bureau de Cooperation de 'Ambassade de Suisse 15 Anil Bordia X X India 16 Gisele Burckhardt X Germany/ Ethiopia DW 17 Jose Joaquin Brunner X Chile FendaciOn Chile 18 Lene Buchort X Denmad*J iFraooe ONESCO/HO 19 Jean-Marie BylI-Catarya X X Togo/Swgzer land.

62. SIL Bibliography: Literacy Programs Reading to learn, writing to inform An indigenous literacy program for primaryhealth education. ngbaka adult literacy program in northwestern Zaire. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_subject.asp?code=LPG

63. SIL Bibliography: Notes On Literacy ngbaka adult literacy program in northwestern Zaire. Reading to learn,writing to inform An indigenous literacy program for primary health education. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_serial.asp?name=581

64. ANTELOPE MAN NAVAJO KACHINA 12 DOLL 631546 Africa_Congo ngbaka mask 2. Africa_Congo ngbaka mask 3. Raffia CLOTH FROM kubapeople 97/25.75 inches. indigenous Basket. Native American or Alaskan orgin. http://ethnographic.antique-deal.com/-ANTELOPE-MAN-NAVAJO-KACHINA-12-DOLL-631546

ANTELOPE MAN NAVAJO KACHINA 12 DOLL 631546 L i v e ... X Categories: African Native American Pacific Rim Latin American ... Other More related categories: Sculptures, Statues Masks Other 9/24/2005 7:35:05 AM

65. Aboriginal Fine Art Gracie Morton 629768 Africa_Congo ngbaka mask 3. Raffia CLOTH FROM kuba people 97/25.75 inches. cm Medium Acrylic on Canvas Exhibitions 2000 Ancient Earth indigenous Art, Cairns http://ethnographic.antique-deal.com/Aboriginal-Fine-Art-Gracie-Morton-629768.ht

Aboriginal Fine Art Gracie Morton 629768 Ethnographic ART s auction catalog #7258 October 2001 FINE ... KEN KIRBY limited edition THE PRAYER eskimo ALASKA Categories: African Native American Pacific Rim Latin American ... Other More related categories: Sculptures, Statues Masks Other 9/24/2005 7:35:05 AM

66. Encyclopedia: List Of Languages By Total Speakers The Tsonga language is spoken in southern africa by the Tsonga people, The Tharu are one of the major and indigenous ethnic groups of Nepal. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-languages-by-total-speakers

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "List of languages by total speakers" also viewed: List of languages by writing system List of languages Language families and languages Indo_Iranian languages ... Mutually intelligible languages What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Image:Meroe pyramids 01 x600.JPG Image:Mahdi3.jpg Iblis ING Group ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: List of languages by total speakers Updated 33 days 21 hours 51 minutes ago. Other descriptions of List of languages by total speakers This article requires attention because it may contain inaccuracies. A Wikipedian has nominated this article to be checked for accuracy. Currently there may not be a specific dispute , but the content may need discussion on the talk page This is a list of languages ordered by number of first-language speakers , with some data for second-language use. Only languages spoken natively by more than one million are listed. Some listings are not single languages in the sense of being mutually intelligible (e.g. Chinese, Arabic), while in other cases mutually intelligible idioms with separate national standards, or separate self identification, have been listed separately (e.g. Scandinavian Hindustani Malay ). Data are not all up to date.

67. From Owner-marxism-general Wed Nov 6 082604 1996 Date Wed, 6 The official statistics about the Swedish peoples incomes today only go to 1994 . 07.11.96 Dear subscriber, there s a crisis in middle africa, http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/spoon-archives/marxism-general.archive/marxism-general_1

From owner-marxism-general Wed Nov 6 08:26:04 1996 Date: Wed, 6 Nov 1996 14:25:14 +0100 (MET) Message-Id: Subject: Re: M-G: Letter to Richard Pithouse In-Reply-To: Message-ID: From: rolf.martens@mailbox.swipnet.se (Rolf Martens) Subject: Re: M-G: Rwanda/Zaire Thanks for the below (05.11), Ang. I'll try to find out some more myself too. Rolf M. > >A question, since I don't know the situation well enough: >Are both (or all) sides in this Rwandan conflict essentially bad? ........ >Rolf M. > >Rolf, > I don't pretend to understand what's going on in >Rwanda/Zaire now. The only thing clear to me is that >millions will die. > >1) The New York Times had an interesting quote in >Sunday's paper: "In Uvira, a man asserting that >he was the leader of the rebellion, Laurrent Kabila, >55, told reporters on Friday that it was not a backlash ....... [rest snipped here] - from list marxism-general@lists.village.virginia.edu - From owner-marxism-general Wed Nov 6 16:06:42 1996 Date: Wed, 6 Nov 1996 22:06:32 +0100 (MET) Message-Id: Message-Id: Subject: M-G: Chatterjee/Malecki In-Reply-To: Message-ID: The latest digest edition of the New Worker is online again. 1)Editorial- Land of the free? 2)Lead-Tory union bashing sinks to new low. 3)Feature- Daddy, we hardly know you. 4)International- US elections: Right consolidates against the people. 5)British- Workfare pilot schemes . The New Worker Online is now available on request by email. Comradely, Richard. New Worker Online http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/2853 New Communist Party of Britain Homepage http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/2853 A new service for the Working Class! Workers of all countries Unite! - from list marxism-general@lists.village.virginia.edu - From owner-marxism-general Thu Nov 7 14:54:26 1996 Date: Thu, 7 Nov 1996 20:54:13 +0100 (MET) Message-Id:

68. Ecoi.net - Focus Countries » Sudan » Country Background Religions Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25 Hills, west of themain Bertaspeaking people. North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-ngbaka-Mba, Sere http://ecoi.weberhofer.at/doc/en/SD/content/1/4250-

69. A Balendu (african people) Baletha people, Zaire Balfour Declaration Balgowah,Australia indigenous church AdministrationFrench Equatorial africa http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/subjectsall.htm

BGC Archives Subject Headings List (as of 04/06/05) (NOTE: These headings do not directly link to the database or collection guides. Use the Connect to search database links which appear throughout this page and enter the heading there.) top A B C ... Connect to search database 100 HUNTLEY STREET (Television program) 100th Anniversary of the Korean Church, 1984 1st World Congress on Missions, Athens 20 YEARS UNDER GOD:PICTORIAL REVIEW OF THE BILLY GRAHAM MINISTRIES (Book) 2nd Consultation on the Support of Indigenous Ministries (COSIM), 1997 4 Him (music quartet) 700 Club (Television program) '80 Evangelization Crusade, Korea A A Foreign Devil in China (Book) A HOME FOR BETTY (Motion Picture) A Mighty Fortress is Our God (hymn) A NEW HEART FOR DONNA (Motion Picture) A PALE HORSE (Motion Picture) A PASSION FOR SOULS (Motion Picture) A SEASON FOR PEACE (Television program) AAA Aarsvold, Joel Aarum, Wes Aba, Congo Aba, Nigeria Ababio, Issac H Ababua (African people) Abarr, Karleen Abatso, Yvonne (Rollerson)

70. Central African Republic The Central African Republic is a constitutional democracy with a multiparty indigenous People. Despite constitutional protection, there is societal http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/af/731.htm

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Releases Human Rights Africa Central African Republic Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 23, 2001 The Central African Republic is a constitutional democracy with a multiparty legislature. Ange Felix Patasse, leader of the Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People (MLPC), who first was elected president in 1993, was reelected with a narrow majority in 1999. The 1999 presidential election, like National Assembly elections held in late 1998, generally was free but was controlled by the Government and was marred by irregularities that tended to favor the ruling party candidate. Although the Constitution provides for separation of powers, the legislature is vulnerable to manipulation by the President, who dominates the Government. The president can veto legislation, although two-thirds of the unicameral legislature can override his veto, and he can rule by decree under special conditions. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary; however, it is subject to executive interference. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From

71. Keith Anthony Morrison: Art And Ethnography Essay The ngbaka drum is considered a male instrument and was designed to appear as an of people of African descent and their relation to a Eurocentric world. http://www.keithmorrison.com/biblio/artethno.html

Home Biography Gallery Bibliography/Reviews ... Contact Art and Ethnography By Keith Morrison Originally published in Art of the Americas: Art and Ethnography (San Francisco: M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, 1998) My installation of art and ethnology tries to show how the arts of different people and different times reflect their ethnology, regardless of their cultures - even those that are Eurocentric. My thesis is that all art is inherently ethnological. Focusing on the theme of music and using art selected from the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum's permanent collection, I try to show how music is manifested differently in different cultures, or at different times in the same culture's history. I have augmented the installation with several of my own paintings that use music as a theme. One of the objects I have chosen to redefine as art is a drum from the Ngbaka people of Northern Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo), an object the M.H. de Young Museum exhibits as ethnographic. The drum simultaneously can be a musical instrument and a work of art. Whereas Western artists often make art objects to describe or illustrate life, cultures such as the Ngbaka make the object of expression-such as the drum- one and the same as the art. We all know that drums are among the oldest instruments, common to practically every culture. The drum, worldwide, looks much the same: a conical, cylin- drical, convex, or concave tube with a bald flat top that you beat with your hand or a stick. Drums have been used by many cultures not only to make music, but also to make sounds and sonic codes. The drum is a primordial instrument of transition from sound to rhythm. When asked where jazz might end, Dizzy Gillespie replied, "Where it began, with someone playing a drum."

72. Wycliffe - Projects Approximately 12 million people live in the African country of Burkina Faso. The entire Bible is now available to the ngbaka people, http://www.wycliffe.org/give/online/ProjDetailsNew.asp?cat=archive

73. Joshua Project - People Clusters All Affinity Blocs Affinity Bloc SubSaharan African People ClusterAdamawa-Ubangi ngbaka Manza, 33000, 1, 1, 100.0 %, 33000, 100.0 %, NAB66c http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopcluster.php?rop2=C0003

74. The Missionaries' Influence On Mongo The Mongo people is a conglomerate of human groups occupying what one calls the On the contrary, the indigenous languages are rarely able to provide the http://www.aequatoria.be/English/InfluenceEnglish.html

The missionaries' influence on Mongo national consciousness and political activism First published in French in: African Review of Mission Studies (Kinshasa), n. 4, June 1996, p.131-147 "Kilolo is capable of expressing the nicest shades of meaning and is amply adequate, we feel sure, of conveying to the native mind a knowledge of the Great Father's love and of the blessing he has store for them" (J.B. Eddie, An English Kilolo Vocabulary, 1887, p.v.) 1. The Mongo and the ecclesiastical circumscriptions The Mongo people is a conglomerate of human groups occupying what one calls the Congolese Central Basin. They have patrilineal and segmental structures. Some groups live in symbiosis with pygmies of varied origins. All speak 'dialects' that refer to one 'standard' language(1). Before colonization, the region had partially been touched by Arab incursions and a system of domestic slave trade oriented downstream was in place. The colonial occupation of the Mbandaka region started in 1883, and spread slowly toward the interior. It can be considered as accomplished around 1910. The Leopoldian system of exploitation touched this people's vital strength seriously, and, together with imported illnesses (sleep sickness, syphilis, among others) it decimated the population (2). Christianization started in 1883 by the Protestant English Baptists, who were soon replaced by American Baptists (Disciples of Christ) in the southern part and by the Congo Balolo Mission (English) in the northern part. Catholics made their entry with the Trappists of the Abbey of Westmalle (Belgium) in 1895, followed by the fathers of Mill Hill in 1905 in the north, the Lazaristes among the Ekonda and the Ntomba (1928), the Passionistes among the Atetela, the Picpus among the Ndengese, and the Scheutists in the rest of the region, each of them arriving at varying dates.

75. UN Chronicle | "Literacy As Freedom" - United Nations Launches Literacy Decade ( The literacy as freedom initiative was designed to free people from ignorance, ngbaka, through which they introduce Lingala, the national language, http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2003/webArticles/022103_literacy.html

By Horst Rutsch for the Chronicle Home Archive Français Contact Us ... Links Web Article Also at the ceremony, UNESCO Director-General Koïchiro Matsuura stressed that through literacy, the downtrodden could find their voice, the poor could learn how to learn and the powerless could empower themselves. The drive for universal literacy was integrally linked to the human rights agenda. Literacy was not a universal panacea for all development problems, but, as a tool of development, it was both versatile and proven. The literacy as freedom initiative was designed to "free people from ignorance, incapacity and exclusion" and empower them for action, choices and participation, he said. Highlighting the enormity of the challenge, he said the spread of literacy required stamina and staying power from all partners, noting that the growth rate of world literacy had slowed in recent years. President Natsagiin Bagabandi of Mongolia, the original sponsor of the Literacy Decade resolution adopted by the 56th General Assembly in December 2001, warned that the international community would fail to guarantee equal human rights for all as long as it accepted illiteracy. Literacy was not only the primary requirement for economic well-being, but also a solid base for a lifelong investment in a better and happy life. President Bagabandi said that the virtual elimination of illiteracy called for an effective partnership based on redoubled efforts, resource mobilization and coordination of relevant policies and strategies at the global level. Education empowered people so they could effectively overcome underdevelopment, poverty and unemployment, and contribute to the cause of sustainable development and democracy.

76. APFT Pilot Report - English - B - A NECESSARY PROCESS AND AN EQUILIBRIUM TO MAIN When indigenous populations are left to engage in their traditional activities vunerability if people rely on one product only and if prices fall ; http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Sonja/RF/Ukpr/Report17.htm

B - A NECESSARY PROCESS AND AN EQUILIBRIUM TO MAINTAIN 1) THE EXPLOITATION OF WILD RESOURCES Non-timber resources 2) THE PROBLEM OF PROTECTED AREAS 3) SWIDDEN AGRICULTURE ; CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS ... b) Improvements It is important to maintain a double balance between on the one hand the area of land put to use and which is available to all in the community, and demography on the other hand : the result is a delicate problem of population density Population growth + reduced land areas = DANGER The immigration of non-indigenous populations in the forested areas, land given over to development, to exploitation or even to nature conservation, etc, all these elements make one wonder how much land is actually left for indigenous populations, what activities they are allowed to carry out, and it requires that one elaborate some kind of policy defining the position of these populations within the Nation State. In defining the necessary land areas, two factors must be taken into account, each requiring very different spatial units : - shifting agriculture with a long fallow ;

77. Ogbunike, My Beloved Hometown In Nigeria. The signatories to the letter, on behalf of the people of Ogbunike, He alwaysdesired to return to work in africa after this first experience in Sierra http://www.afrikaworld.net/ogbunike/

OGBUNIKE MY BELOVED HOME TOWN by Chidi Denis Isizoh 1. Geographical survey The town is bounded on the East by Umudioka (Idemili Local Government Area), on the north-east by Umunya (Oyi Local Government Area) and on the North by Nkwelle-Ezunaka (also Oyi Local Government Area). She shares her boundary on the West and South with Ogidi (Idemili Local Government Area). She has an uneven landscape, sufficient rainfall and fertile soil. The 1953 national census peged the number of the inhabitants at 5,366. Since then there has been an explosion in the population. In 1993 the figures rose up by 42%. 2. Historical Survey Umu-Iguedo clan Ogbunike belongs to Umu-Iguedo clan. There is no dispute about this in history. Until recently the indigenes of the town participated in the olili-nne-Iguedo and they usually sent their offering to the traditional priest of Nando. Iguedo, a woman, is widely regarded aetiologically as the mother of the Umu-Iguedo clan. There are divergent opinions on this. No position can be outrightly and correctly accepted or rejected, as some of the data came purely through oral tradition and scanty archaeological discoveries. But there is near unanimity in different parts of the area of our studies concerning the strong connection between an individual person called Iguedo and the towns that constitute Umu-Iguedo clan.

78. Ecoi.net - Schwerpunktländer » Sudan » Länderkunde A purge of communists followed and 14 people were executed africa.Eventually the Kingdoms coexisted with Muslim neighbours under an http://www.ecoi.net/doc/de/SD/content/1/4250-

Haftungsausschluss Home Schwerpunktländer Sudan ... Länderkunde Inhalt: Länderkunde Bevölkerung Geschichte Wirtschaft Bildung ... Sprachen Bevölkerung 10.2004 - UK Home Office: Liste der wichtigsten ethnischen Gruppen Main Ethnic Groups Arab Ethnic Groups (mostly northern Sudan and parts of central and southern Sudan) Baggara, Batahin, Beni Helba, Budairia, Dar Hamid, Habbania, Hamar, Hamr, Hassania, Hawasma, Hawawir, Jawamia, Kababisch, Kawahila, Kinana, Jaalin, Jim, Manasir, Masiria, Musallmia, Rubatab, Rufaa, Ruzaikat, Schaikia, Schukria, Selim, Taaischa Non-Arab Ethnic Groups Collectively known as the Beja (north east Sudan) Amarar, Beni Amer, Bischarin, Hadendoa Black Ethnic Groups (north west Sudan) Dago, Fur, Maba, Massaleit, Tama, Zaghawa Black Ethnic Groups Collectively Known as the Nubians (central and part of northern Sudan) Anag, Barabra, Birked, Danagla, Dilling, Mahas, Midobi Black Ethnic Groups Collectively Known as the Nuba (central Sudan) Kadugli, Katla, Koalib, Krongo, Nemyang or Nyima, Tagoi, Temeini Black Ethnic Groups (central and southern Sudan) Baka, Bongo, Kreisch, Ndogo

79. Sources For The Numbers List Thanks to the following people who ve sent me numbers over the net R.The Harris volume (The indigenous Lgs of the Caucasus) also has Old Georgian but http://www.zompist.com/sources.htm

Sources for the Numbers List This file gives the sources I've used for the [Numbers Index] Sources for the Numbers List This page gives the sources for each language on the Numbers from 1 to 10 page . Sometimes half the work in dealing with a new language is finding out what it is, and relating it to the sometimes wildly varying classifications from Ruhlen , Voegelin, and the Ethnologue. There are notes relating to this, as well as information on dialects , and names of languages I don't have yet. M.R. Totals :5020 entries -238 conlangs -444 dead langs -386 dialect/variant = living languages I have 83.2% of Ruhlen's 4750 languages. Dialects I have but not in the list: 835, so the grand total is about 5612. Thanks to the following people who've sent me numbers over the net (biggest contributors first; abbreviations in boldface): Jarel Deaton JD Eugene S.L. Chan Ch Nicolas Ossart ( NO Pavel Petrov ( PP Jess Tauber, Carl Masthay ( CM Rick Schellen ( RS Claudio Salvucci ( CS Ivan Derzhanski, Reinhard Hahn, Jennifer Runner (who has a common expressions in many languages page)

80. Ecoi.net - Focus Countries » Sudan » Country Background Ethnic groups ArabAfrican, black African. Religions Islam (official), indigenousbeliefs (southern Sudan), Christianity. http://www.ecoi.net/doc/en/SD/content/1/4250-

Home Focus countries Sudan Country background Content: Country background Population History Economy Education ... Languages Population 10.2004 - UK Home Office: Main ethnic groups Main Ethnic Groups Arab Ethnic Groups (mostly northern Sudan and parts of central and southern Sudan) Baggara, Batahin, Beni Helba, Budairia, Dar Hamid, Habbania, Hamar, Hamr, Hassania, Hawasma, Hawawir, Jawamia, Kababisch, Kawahila, Kinana, Jaalin, Jim, Manasir, Masiria, Musallmia, Rubatab, Rufaa, Ruzaikat, Schaikia, Schukria, Selim, Taaischa Non-Arab Ethnic Groups Collectively known as the Beja (north east Sudan) Amarar, Beni Amer, Bischarin, Hadendoa Black Ethnic Groups (north west Sudan) Dago, Fur, Maba, Massaleit, Tama, Zaghawa Black Ethnic Groups Collectively Known as the Nubians (central and part of northern Sudan) Anag, Barabra, Birked, Danagla, Dilling, Mahas, Midobi Black Ethnic Groups Collectively Known as the Nuba (central Sudan) Kadugli, Katla, Koalib, Krongo, Nemyang or Nyima, Tagoi, Temeini Black Ethnic Groups (central and southern Sudan) Baka, Bongo, Kreisch, Ndogo

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