81. Native Americans - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The most widespread religion at the present time is known as the native american Church an essay on shamanism and male love in native american religion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American

Native Americans From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Native American Native Americans is a term which has several different common meanings and scope, according to regional use and context. See the below articles, which describe the various indigenous peoples in the contexts of: Indigenous peoples of the Americas , natives of the entire American supercontinent. Indigenous peoples in the United States , natives of the United States territories Native Americans in the United States , natives of the continental United States only; equivalent to "American Indians" in some contexts. Alaska Natives , natives of the territory of Alaska , including Inuit and Yupik Eskimo peoples, Aleuts , and several others. Native Hawaiians , natives of the state of Hawaii Pacific Islanders , including peoples in the US Pacific Island dependencies (e.g. Chamorros Marshallese ), but also other Pacific nations. Aboriginal peoples in Canada , including First Nations M©tis and Inuit First Nations Canadian natives, sometimes referred to as "Indians." Indigenous peoples in Brazil , the " povos ind­genas " in Brazil Native American " can also simply be used to refer to any individual born into an American country. When this sense is meant, it is most often written without an initial

82. Native American Religious Freedom, Indian Sacred Sites - FCNL Date Last Reviewed 12/10/03. Religious Freedom for native americans. native american religious practices and the sanctity of sacred sites should be http://www.fcnl.org/issues/nat/sup/nat_bkrelfree.htm

Native American Advocacy This Issue's Index Date Last Reviewed: Religious Freedom for Native Americans Native American religious practices and the sanctity of sacred sites should be protected as de facto First Amendment rights. HISTORY OF U.S. POLICY: A DISREGARD OF NATIVE RELIGIOUS FREEDOM The history of U.S. policy towards the religious practices of Native Americans contrasts sharply with the image of the U.S. as a refuge from religious persecution and domination. Beginning in the early 19th century, the federal government supported the "civilization" and "Christian education"of Native Americans. Congress financially supported mission activities, including 200 mission schools which prohibited students from practicing their traditional religions. The Dawes Act of 1887 outright prohibited native religious ceremonies and the practices of traditional religious figures. This was the law of the land for almost fifty years. Even today, the freedom of Native Americans to practice their traditional religions continues to be questioned in the courts and discounted in federal legislation. In the past few decades, issues such as access to religious sites, the use of peyote in religious ceremonies, the process of obtaining eagle feathers for religious uses, and Native American prisoners’ access to religious articles and practitioners have all raised questions about the U.S. government’s true commitment to protecting religious freedom for

83. US CODE: Title 42,1996. Protection And Preservation Of Traditional Religions Of Protection and preservation of traditional religions of native Americans. Release date 200502-25. On and after August 11, 1978, it shall be the policy of http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/42/1996.html

Skip to content US Code collection collection home faq search donate ... Next Release date: 2005-02-25 On and after August 11, 1978, it shall be the policy of the United States to protect and preserve for American Indians their inherent right of freedom to believe, express, and exercise the traditional religions of the American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut, and Native Hawaiians, including but not limited to access to sites, use and possession of sacred objects, and the freedom to worship through ceremonials and traditional rites. Search this title: Notes Updates Parallel authorities (CFR) Your comments ... Next LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII. credits about us send email

84. Native American Religion - Mayan, Inca Civilizations Read about Paganism and the native american religion of the Incas and the Mayas. Find out more about these ancient civilizations and their religious http://www.clearleadinc.com/site/native-american-religion.html

Native American Religion - Mayan Civilization - Inca Civilizations Home Native American Religion Native American Religion History of religion Catholic Religion John Kerry Religion ... Inca Gods Native American Religion - Mayan Civilization - Inca Civilizations This article provides information on Native American religion s, their practices and beliefs. You can gain an insight into the religious beliefs of two important Native American civilizations, the Maya and the Inca. Paganism - Traditional Native American Religion Pagan religions are known as nature based religions. Paganism denotes religious beliefs and practices that feature polytheism, the worship of multiple God and Divinities. The Pagan form of Native American religion was based on ancient beliefs, practices, gods, symbols, lands, music and myths. Traditional Native American religion made no distinction between the sacred and the ordinary. Every action in life was considered a spiritual dance between the person and the object acted upon. The various actions and thoughts were considered an interaction with the spirit. For example, hunting a beast for food was considered as a communication between the hunter and the beast. Sacred stories and history played an important part in Native American religion. Many traditional rituals were designed to recreate myths. The dancing ritual is one such important ritual. Masked dancing is an important ritual in Huron, a Native American tribe. The dancers try to recreate the mythical beginnings of their families by bringing in the power of founding beings such as the raven, the killer whale etc. Dakota, a popular Native American civilization made no distinction between the natural world and the supernatural. They emphasized the unity of nature through various religious rituals. Iroquois was a strong Native American civilization, situated to the east of the Mississippi river. The Iroquois religion placed emphasis on the immortal soul. According to them, Great Sprit judges the soul of a man upon his death. They practiced ritual ceremonies in accordance with the various seasonal periods in a year.

85. Oxford University Press: Native American Religion: Joel W. Martin american Indian beliefs are the only religious traditions native to America. native americans practice some of America s most spiritually profound, http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryOther/HistoryofReligion/?vi

86. Native American Religion native american Religion. native american Doctrine native americans usually didn t really develop their religious doctrine. In their time they needed to http://www.motthall.org/intro/cur/munoz/nav_amer/2/Doctrine.html

Native American Religion Native American Religion Native American Doctrine Home Ritual Myth Ethics ... References Native Americans usually didn't really develop their religious doctrine. In their time they needed to focus on what they use and do in nature and spirit so they really didn't have time to investigate. They got tradition, spiritual experiences of ordinary people and religious specialist, judgment of the elders, and the welfare of the people all came together in different way in each generation to make Native American religion. Dream and visions were a very important part of religion and beliefs. One example is the 19th century movement known as the Ghost Dance, which was from the Lakota in the annihilation at the Wounded Knee. This example came from the west from one man's vision of the white race's defeat and the buffalo's return.

87. Alexa - Browse: Native American Religious Movements native american Religion religiousmovements.lib.virginia. edu/nrms/naspirit.html Site Info See top sites in all native american http://www.alexa.com/browse?&CategoryID=487603

88. Journal Of Religion & Film: Native American Religion And Film: Interviews With C native american Religion and Film Interviews with Chris Eyre and Sherman Alexie. by Julien R. Fielding “I’m not an expert on native american religion. http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/Vol7No1/nativefilm.htm

Journal of Religion and Film Native American Religion and Film: Interviews with Chris Eyre and Sherman Alexie by Julien R. Fielding Vol. 7, No. 1 April 2003 Native American Religion and Film: Interviews with Chris Eyre and Sherman Alexie by Julien R. Fielding Abstract [1] For decades Hollywood films have cast the American Indian as the savage, the medicine man and the noble warrior, stereotypes that either demonize or romanticize a people. Ritual and religion rarely receive much better treatment. One of the reasons for this poor representation is that filmmakers are coming from a white perspective. Director Chris Eyre and writer-director Sherman Alexie, both American Indians, have emerged in the last decade to rectify the situation, jointly creating the film Smoke Signals, a buddy road picture that forces the protagonists to rethink Indian identity and the bonds that tie them. Eyre and Alexie examine how their films deal with religion. Article 2] Sweat lodges, peace pipes, peyote journeys to the spirit world, sun dances and animal totems are all part of American Indian religion. We know this because we have seen

89. Metista: Spirituality And Shamanism For American Mutts It Ain t native american Religion! Starrhawke, October 23, 2000. When you hear the word shamanism, what images jiffypop into your mind s eye? http://www.metista.com/articles/aint.html

Shamanic Spirituality for American (and other) Mutts Shamanism: It Ain't Native American Religion! Starrhawke, October 23, 2000 When you hear the word "shamanism," what images jiffy-pop into your mind's eye? Do you picture feather head-dresses, buffalo hides, medicine wheels and dream-catchers - images associated with Native American cultures? Contrary to popular opinion, a "shaman" is not an Indian medicine man, and "shamanism" is not a Native American religion. In fact, many Native Americans find the terms "shaman" and "shamanism" offensive. The word "shaman" actually originates among the natives of Siberia, where it describes a specialized type of holy person. The shamans of Siberia interact with deities and spirits not only with prayer, ritual and offerings, but through direct contact with the spirits themselves. With the aid of rhythmic drumming and chanting, the shaman enters a very deep or

90. Michael McNally: Project Affiliate native american Religious and Cultural Freedom an Introductory Essay Syllabus native american Religious Freedom. Research Reports http://www.pluralism.org/affiliates/mcnally/index.php

Michael McNally Carleton College Native American Religious and Cultural Freedom Native American Religious and Cultural Freedom: an Introductory Essay Syllabus: Native American Religious Freedom Research Reports Nine Mile Canyon (UT) (Ute and Others) , UT Baboquivari Mountain Petroglyphs (AZ) (Tohono O'odham) Bison in Yellowstone National Park (MT) Indian Pass (CA) (Quechan) Kituwah Mound (NC) (Eastern Cherokee) ... Valley of the Chiefs/Weatherman Draw (MT) (Lakota/Crow and others) Project Description This project involves three aims 1) to enhance the Pluralism Project's consideration and coverage of the religious and cultural freedom concerns facing Native American traditions a booming area of concern, but often highly localized and in need of visibility; 2) to provide communities of scholars, lawyers, grassroots Native organizations, and their advocates with an accessible, visible, and reliable web-based source of information, case studies, and perhaps infrastructure for action alerts; and 3) to galvanize more focused, timely, and public scholarship on these matters by scholars of religion. Native Americans have constituted a religious diversity even pluralism that predates European and African settlement of North America. But it is also true that Native American traditions have undergone significant reconfigurations since the late 1960s comparable to the reconfigurations of other world religions in the United States tracked elsewhere by the Pluralism Project.

91. Recommended American Indian Websites Only Websites that are reflective of american Indian / native american Part of the larger Virtual Religion Index / american Studies religion site at http://www.public.iastate.edu/~savega/amer_ind.htm

Recommended American Indian Websites Home African American American Indian Asian American ... Library Research Guides This list includes selected American Indian web resources useful for academic research and information purposes. (If you are doing library research, please see my American Indian Studies Library Research Guide bibliography also.) Only Websites that are reflective of American Indian / Native American realities were considered; sites that are exclusively "New Age" or otherwise non-native in origin or focus are not included. Recommended Websites listed below were evaluated for breadth, perceived authority, stability, usefulness, and accuracy. e-Journals and electronic news available via ISU Library subscriptions, or freely on the web, are also included. American Indian Websites Aboriginal Canada Portal - Portail des Autochtones au Canada American Indian Health Sponsored by the National Library of Medicine, this website provides ample information on various health topics, traditional healing, research, tribal information, and publications. AnthroNet Code Talk This well-organized web site organizes federal government information, reports, and policies relevant to native communities and nations. Topics of interest include health issues and housing, community development, agriculture, and children's issues; includes links to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the US Senate and House of Representatives, and other federal goverment entities. Hosted by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Native American Programs.

92. Book Review - Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spiritual Analysis of how native american religion has been used by others • Argues that native american religion is normally portrayed in a manner suited to meet http://atheism.about.com/od/bookreviews/fr/DreamCatchers.htm

var zLb=1; zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Agnosticism / Atheism Book Reviews Book Review - Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spirituality, by Philip Jenkins Atheism Essentials 10 Commandments: News, Analysis Pledge of Allegiance, Under God ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter! See Online Courses Search Agnosticism / Atheism Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spirituality Stay up to date! Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spirituality Email to a friend Print this page Related Guide Picks Books on American Religion Books on Religion Most Popular Islam FAQ: Muslim Beliefs Islam: Islamic Calendar and Muslim Holy Days Philosophy FAQ: Biographies of Famous Philosophers seven deadly sins ... Church / State Separation: Myths and Misconceptions What's Hot Supreme Court Decision - Wallace v. Jaffree

93. Encyclopedia Mythica: Mythology, Folklore, And Religion. an online encyclopedia on mythology, folklore, and religion. Islamic, Japanese, Judaic, Korean, Latvian, Mayan, Mesopotamian, native american, Norse http://www.pantheon.org/

Search Mythica: With articles Most popular areas Egyptian mythology Greek mythology Chinese mythology Roman mythology ... Japanese mythology Featured area Arthurian legend Read more Know mythology? Go ahead and test your knowledge in the MythQuiz Welcome to the Encyclopedia Mythica Please enter the award-winning internet encyclopedia of mythology, folklore, and religion. Here you will find everything from A-gskw to Zveda Vechanyaya, with plenty in between. The mythology section is divided to six geographical regions: Africa Americas Asia Europe ... Middle East , and Oceania . Each region has many clearly defined subdivisions that will ease your search. The Folklore section contains general folklore Arthurian legends Greek heroic legend , and fascinating folktales from many lands. In addition, we feature special interest areas to enhance and refine your research. A Bestiary legendary heroes , an image gallery , and genealogical tables of various pantheons and prominent houses. The encyclopedia will serve the serious researcher, the student, and the casual reader with equal success. Come in and enjoy! What's new 10th Anniversary!

94. Religion In America native Americans African Americans Alternative religions, Selected Journals Databases Indexes Additional Web Sites Related CSUS Guides http://library.csus.edu/guides/rogenmoserd/humanities/religionamerica.html

RELIGION IN AMERICA by Tim Sturm revised by D. Rogenmoser Contents: Finding Books in EUREKA Reference-General Native Americans African Americans ... Related CSUS Guides FINDING BOOKS IN EUREKA EUREKA is a catalog of items owned by the CSUS Library. Books can be searched for in EUREKA by title, author, keyword and Library of Congress Subject Headings. Keyword Searching: One way to locate books in EUREKA is with an Advanced Keyword search. For example: Church and State and United States Sikhs and United States Asian Americans and Religion Back to the top of the page REFERENCE-General Atlas of American Religion: the Denominational Era, 1776-1990 Ref BR 515 .N49 2000 Atlas of Religious Change in America, 1952-1990 Ref BR 148 .H3 1994 Atlas of the World’s Religions 2 South Atlas G 1046 .E4 A8 1999 Contemporary American Religion Ref BL 2525 .C65 2000 Dictionary of Christianity in America Ref BR 515 .D53 990 A Directory of Religious Bodies in the United States Ref BL 2530 .U6 M44 The Encyclopedia of American Religions Ref BL 2525 .M449 1999

95. IAmAWitch.Com Portal - NATIVE AMERICAN RELIGION Pagan History native american RELIGION By Venusfire What do we mean when we speak of native american religion? There is no one religious expression common http://www.iamawitch.com/article.php?story=20050721083802414

96. CSP - 'Offering Smoke: The Sacred Pipe And Native American Religion' By Jordan P Council on Spiritual Practices Entheogen Chrestomathy entry. http://www.csp.org/chrestomathy/offering_smoke.html

About CSP Site Map Search CSP: Religion and Psychoactive Sacraments: An Entheogen Chrestomathy Thomas B. Roberts, Ph.D. and Paula Jo Hruby, Ed.D. Author Index Title Index Offering Smoke: The Sacred Pipe and Native American Religion Paper, Jordan Moscow, Idaho: The University of Idaho Press. ISBN: 0-89301-126-6 paperback Description: Paperback, xx + 161 pages. Contents: List of Illustrations, Maps and Table, Preface, Acknowledgments, 6 chapters, Appendix 1: Notes on Methodology, Appendix 2: Data on Sacred Pipes, references, index. Excerpt(s): Historically, perhaps the most striking feature of aboriginal religion in the Americas is its ritual use of tobacco. As one eighteenth-century observer noted, "All the Indian nations we have any acquaintance with frequently use it on the most religious occasions." Elsewhere in the world, practices can be found similar to many of those in native North America, including sweat ceremonials and shamanic trances, but the focus on tobacco as the ultimate sacred plant, ubiquitous throughout the Americas save for the Arctic, is unique. For more than a millennium, the sacred pipe has been the major means of communal smoke offering over much of the continent, and its use has become the paramount Native North American ritual. In this brilliant exploration of the history, mythology, ritual, and symbolism of the sacred pipe, author Jordan Paper breaks new ground in assessing the importance of the pipe in Native American religion. With exemplary sensitivity and thoroughness he traces the routes of types of pipes through the ethnography and ethnohistory of their users, developing in the process the most sophisticated analysis to date of the cosmology and symbolisms associated with them.

97. CSP - 'Native American Religious Identity: Unforgotten Gods' By Jace Weaver Council on Spiritual Practices Entheogen Chrestomathy entry. http://www.csp.org/chrestomathy/native_american.html

About CSP Site Map Search CSP: Religion and Psychoactive Sacraments: An Entheogen Chrestomathy Thomas B. Roberts, Ph.D. and Paula Jo Hruby, Ed.D. Author Index Title Index Native American Religious Identity: Unforgotten Gods Weaver, Jace (editor) (1998) Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books ISBN: Description: Paperback, xiv + 242 pages. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books Preface, 17 chapters, contributors, index. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books Betty Louse Bell, Steven Charleston, Viola F. Cordova, Diane Glacy, Donald A. Grinde, Jr., Leana Hicks, Freda McDonald, Dennis McPherson, Homer Noley, Margaret Sam-Cromarty, Andrea Smith, Tweedy Sombrero, George Tinker, Jace Weaver, Craig Womack. Excerpt(s): 15. Walking in Balance: The Spirituality-Liberation Praxis of Native Women. ... 17. Losing My Religion: Native American Religious traditions and American Religions Freedom. ... Native religious traditions are very different in character from Christianity and Western religions. First, they are not primarily religions of ethics, or dogma, or theology. Rather, they are religions (if one may even use such a term with regard to Native traditions) of ritual practice. Further, they are not only religions of ritual observance, but they also permeate every aspect of daily life and existence. Natives, as is commonly said, draw no distinction between everyday life and their spirituality. There is not, as there is in Western religion, a sharp bifurcation between sacred and secular or profane spheres. Finally, Native religious traditions are intimately and inexorably tied to the land and often cannot be practiced merely anywhere, as can Christianity. For this reason, Native land claims, whether or not they are advanced in this manner, carry in themselves an explicitly religious claim.

98. Material History Of American Religion Project--The Built Environment Of American On native americans, Peter Nabokov devotes some space to religious building in native american Architecture (New York Oxford University Press, 1989). http://www.materialreligion.org/journal/archbiblio.html

Material History of American Religion Project The Built Environment of American Religion: The State of the Art Peter W. Williams Until recently, the study of America's religious architecture and landscape was something that had largely fallen through the cracks of academe. The main problem is that such a study requires interdisciplinary (or multidisciplinary) competencies and interests that not many people have heretofore possessed. (I discuss this further in an autobiographical context in "Interpreting America's Religious Landscape and Architecture" in Chronicle of Higher Education 43:46 (7/25/97), B8-B9). The scholarly slot where such investigations might best be expected to flourish is American Studies, which unfortunately, as the ASA's annual programs demonstrate, has not exactly been a hotbed of ferment in religious studies. This may be changing, however, as will be evident in passing in what follows, as doctoral students at a variety of institutions are pursuing themes of religious building. For a quick survey of available literature, we might divide it up as follows:

99. • RELIGIOUS STUDIES • UCSB RS 14 Introduction to native american Religious Studies; RS 104 Problems in the Study of RS 247 Seminar in native american Religious Traditions http://www.religion.ucsb.edu/pages/faculty/fac_tala.html

Faculty - Ines M. Talamantez, Ph.D. Home Faculty Select Faculty Albanese Busto Cabezon J. Campo M. Campo Carlson Friedland Garr Hammond Hecht Holdrege Mann Powell Reynolds Roof Talamantez Taves Thomas Wallace White Ph.D. in Anthropology, Linguistics, and Comparative Literature - University of California, San Diego talamant@religion.ucsb.edu Areas of Academic Interest: Native American Religious Traditions and Philosophies Religions of Mexico and Chicano Religion Women in Religion Religion and Ecology Religion and Healing in Native America Statement: Recent Publications: "In the Space Between the Earth and the Sky" in Native Religions and Cultures of North America: Anthropology of the Sacred , Lawrence E. Sullivan, editor, Continuum, New York 2000. "Vine Deloria Jr., Critic and Coyote: Transforming Universal Conceptions," a festschrift for Vine Deloria Jr., in press. "The Presence of Isanaklesh. The Apache Female Deity and the Path of Pollen," updated and reprinted in Unspoken Worlds: Women's Religious Lives , Wadsworth Press, Third Edition, 2000.

100. Department Of Religious Studies Finally, some contemporary expressions of native american religion in literature and film Major Divisions of native american Religious Divisions (PDF) http://www.as.ua.edu/rel/rel235.html

Studying Religion in Culture About Us Degrees Courses Events ... Home REL 235 Native American Religions Dr. Tim Murphy e-mail: tmurphy@bama.ua.edu An introduction to the religions of Native Americans. The course will survey several of the geo-cultural regions/groups of Native North America, including the Aztecs and Mayans, the Hopi, and the Lakota (Sioux). The course will also deal with such religious responses to contact with Euro-American culture as the Ghost Dance and the Native American Church. Finally, some contemporary expressions of Native American religion in literature and film will be examined. Spring 2004 Syllabus (PDF) Hultkrantz (PDF) Sample take-home essay (PDF) Evaluation Form (PDF) Native American History (PDF) Major Divisions of Native American Religious Divisions (PDF) Aztec Theology and Mythology (PDF) Pueblo Indian World in the Sixteenth Century (PDF) The Great Vision (PDF) The Revelation of Handsome Lake (PDF) War and Culture: The Iroquois Experience (PDF) The Shawnee Prophets Speech to General Harrison (PDF)

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