1. Summary Of Native American Religions School paper about the religion of the Iroquois Nation, Dakota (Sioux) and Apache tribes. http://are.as.wvu.edu/ruvolo.htm

A Summary of Native American Religions by David Ruvolo The history of American religions is dominated by the presence of Christianity brought to the New World by European settlers. Columbus's discovery in 1492 marked the beginning of a massive "white" invasion that would consume the entire continent of North America over the next four centuries. Although Christianity manifested itself in countless denominations, it was, nevertheless, the umbrella under which most Europeans in America gathered. It served as common ground on which white settlers could stand together in the struggle for survival in the wilderness of the New World. Whatever differences there were between denominations were insignificant when compared to the differences between the white European Christianity and their counterparts on the continent, the resident Native Americans. This fact, along with the desire and need for land, turned Native Americans into a convenient enemy for most groups of European settlers. In essence, time had run out for the indigenous race that populated the continent of North America. Like the Israelites of the sixth century B.C.E., Native Americans were faced with an enemy that was more advanced. Ironically, the invading whites are the religious descendants of those same Israelites who were conquered by the Babylonians in 586 B.C.E.. Armed with technologically advanced weapons, diseases which were foreign to the continent, and a concept known as Manifest Destiny, European settlers began an assault on the North American Continent the result of which was nothing short of genocide. Within four hundred years of their first contact, the white man had succeeded in stripping Native American civilizations of virtually all of their land and had nearly wiped their cultures from the face of the earth.

2. Native American Religion Overview of different beliefs and rituals, the concept of religious experience and background information of native american religions. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. UCR CHASS: Department Of Religious Studies The Department of Religious Studies provides an opportunity to study diverse religious traditions of the world. Students are able to examine texts, symbols, myths, rituals, ideas, values, institutions, and intellectual (theological, philosophical, and ethical) systems of many traditions, such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, African and native american religions. Religion is studied empathetically, descriptively, and critically with the aid of historical, exegetical, literary, philosophical, theological, and socialscientific (e.g. anthropological, socio-logical, and psychological) methods of inquiry. http://religiousstudies.ucr.edu/

The Department is pleased to announce a new graduate program , offering both a terminal M.A. and a Ph.D. in Religious Studies , beginning in Fall 2006 . Please click here or contact the department for more information. To learn more about applying to the Graduate Division of UCR, please click here The Department of Religious Studies provides an opportunity to study diverse religious traditions of the world. Religion has always played a crucial role in human history, thought, and culture and continues to do so today. Students are able to examine texts, symbols, myths, rituals, ideas, values, institutions, and intellectual (theological, philosophical, and ethical) systems of many traditions, such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto, Shamanism, and African and Native American traditional religions. Religious Studies at UCR views religion in a global perspective, utilizing resources from the humanities, the social sciences, and the arts. Information for Prospective Graduate Students Tenure-track Employment Temporary Employment Grad. Student Employment

4. NATIVE AMERICAN SPIRITUALITY A quote from native american religions by Arlene Hirschfelder and Paulette Molin (Facts on File, New York, 1992, ISBN 08160-2017-5) is http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Religious Movements Homepage Native American Religion A gateway to accessing webbased, as well as print, resources about the religions of Native American Indians. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Sacred Texts Native American native american religions. Native American religion, mythology and folklore are covered extensively at this site http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Native Religions In Newfoundland And Labrador Religion of the Maritime Archaic Indians http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. ASATRU FOLK ASSEMBLY - Wannabees Article by an Asatru practitioner on similarities between traditional tribal European and native american religions. http://www.runestone.org/ind5.html

ASATRU FOLK ASSEMBLY WANNABEES Th e following article appeared as a flyer produced in 1995 by the Asatru Folk Assembly, aimed at European-Americans who are attracted to Native American spirituality. It has received praise from several Native American writers and thinkers, including Vine Deloria, author of GOD IS RED and many other books dealing with American Indians. The term "wannabees" is used by some Native Americans to refer to outsiders who "want to be" Indians. So you're a European-American who's attracted to Native American spirituality... The way of the American Indian offers much to those who want to live in harmony with the Earth, and with the own beings. The simplicity of a life close to nature, and the powerful techniques of the shaman, call out to all of us who want to walk lightly on this planet and to know the journeys of the soul that make one wise. Many people, including those of European ancestry, feel the pull of this spiritual path. However, there is something to consider. Many Native Americans feel that you should seek out the ways of your people, rather than intruding upon their ways. They understand your interest in their traditions, but they think you should look for something that is yours. Well, just what IS yours?

9. Summary Of Native American Religions A Summary of native american religions by David Ruvolo http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Native American Religion In Early America - The Seventeenth And Native American Religion in Early America dominant white society to tribal attempts at revitalizing traditional Indian religions and, in some http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Seeking Native American Spirituality And Traditional Religion A word to the wise for nonIndians in search of native american religions and spirituality. Explains the differences between traditional American Indian http://www.native-languages.org/religion.htm

Native American Indian languages Native culture What's new on our site today! Seeking Native American Spirituality: Read This First! Judging from the email I get, there are a lot of people out there trying to learn about traditional Native American religion and spirituality these days. Many of them are trying to do this on the Internet. Now, there is a lot of garbage and misinformation on the Internet no matter what subject you're talking about, but American Indian religion and spirituality has got to have the worst signal-noise ratio of any of them. The 'information' out there about American Indian religions ranges from inaccurate school projects by seven-year-olds, to deeply biased generalizations about the 'heathens' written 300 years ago, to hucksters pretending to be Native American shamans to scam money off of people, to useful and interesting information about actual American Indian religious traditions past and present. Sorting through these sites can be a nightmare. I wish you a lot of luck with it. Before you start, let me give you a few words of experience. There are two reasons to be looking for information on Native American religions. The first, and easier to address, is educational. Either because you're a student who's been assigned to or just out of intellectual and cultural curiosity, you would like to learn more about how American Indians, or a particular tribe of American Indians, view the world. If that's you, then your main problem is going to be identifying the authentic and trustworthy sources. Indians are happy to talk about their beliefs and spiritual practices, both historically and in the modern day. Unfortunately, so are plenty of ill-informed non-Indians (or people of Indian descent) who think they know a lot more than they do. And so are those unscrupulous souls willing to pretend they're something they're not in hopes of making a buck or getting a little attention. My best recommendation is to get a

12. SULAIR Native American Studies Native American Studies Collections IDENTIFY articles and other citations in America History Life and Bibliography of Native North Americans http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Snowmaking Approved At Snowbowl, Tribes Head To Court will be that the Forest Service did not take into account many issues that affect native american religions and the environment in its http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Seeking Native American Spirituality And Traditional Religion A word to the wise for nonIndians in search of native american religions and spirituality. Explains the differences between traditional American http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Native American Religions - I + II This Site offers a lot Fantasy, Horror, Gothic, Demons, Vampires, Legends Myth, Fairy Tales, Dragons, Wolves, Native Americans, Vikings, Metallica and http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/nativeamericanreligions.ht

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Angelfire Free Games Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Guestbook I. Introduction Native American Religions, beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes of the indigenous peoples of North America concerning the spiritual forces of the cosmos. These beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes remained an integral part of aboriginal North American culture from the Stone Age (30,000 BC-2500 BC) through the end of the 19th century, when the European settlement of North America was completed. Beginning in the mid-20th century, Native American religions underwent a revival, particularly among the Plains peoples. (For additional information on Native American cultures, see Native Americans II. Origins and Development

16. Encyclopedia Of North American Indians - - Religion The phenomena referred to by the term native american religions pose an interesting and Many Native American religious traditions are undergoing a http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_032600_religion.htm

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Maps ... World Civilizations Encyclopedia of North American Indians Religion The phenomena referred to by the term Native American religions For instance, among the Ni U Konska Some would argue that the so-called vision quest is evidence of the quintessential individualism of Plains Indian peoples. However, just the opposite can be argued, because in Plains cultures the individual is always in symbiotic relationship with the community. This ceremony involves personal sacrifice: rigorous fasting (no food or liquids) and prayer over several days (typically four to seven) in a location removed from the rest of the community. Yet in a typical rite of vigil or vision quest, the community or some part of the community assists the individual in preparing for the ceremony and then prays constantly on behalf of the individual throughout the ceremony. Thus by engaging in this ceremony, the individual acts on behalf of and for the good of the whole community. Even when an individual seeks personal power or assistance through such a ceremony, he or she is doing so for the ultimate benefit of the community. In God Is Red Indian peoples, then, tend to locate sacred power spatially—in terms of places or in terms of spatial configuration. This is in stark contrast to European and Euro-American religious traditions, which tend to express spirituality in terms of time: a regular hour on Sundays and a seasonal liturgical calendar that has become more and more distanced from any sense of the actual flow of seasons in particular places and is therefore both more abstract and more portable than Native American traditions. In the Southern Hemisphere, for instance, Christians celebrate Lent (named for springtime and the lengthening of the days) and Easter during the antipodean autumn. It would be an exaggeration to argue that Indian peoples have no sense of time or that Europeans have no sense of space. Rather, spatiality is a dominant category of existence for Native Americans whereas time is a subordinate category. Just the opposite is generally true for European peoples.

17. Reader's Companion To U.S. Women's History - - Native American Religions native american religions have been a major conundrum both historically and contemporarily for both Natives and nonNatives. http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/women/html/wh_026400_nativeameri3.ht

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Contributors ... World Civilizations Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History Native American Religions Native American religions have been a major conundrum both historically and contemporarily for both Natives and non-Natives. For the former, it is an ongoing reality; for the latter, it is derision, or a searching, as in the New Age movement toward indigenous beliefs. The term religion has been used to describe the varied belief systems of North American aboriginal peoples, but this term reflects a concept superimposed by European conquerors. The core values and sentiments are often expressed in Native terms such as wakan (Lakota), meaning a universal force or power. The English term gloss , or spirituality, may be a more functional means for examining the complexities of Native epistemologies. European concepts of gods, hierarchical arrangements of spirits, and codified systems of reward and punishment such as heaven and hell are not categories that encompass the integrated whole of Native beliefs. Moreover, the emphasis upon medicine men, shaman, and male ceremonial leaders has served to obscure the dyadic relationships between males and females in the maintenance of spiritual well-being and in the performance of rituals that provide harmony and equilibrium within the larger social group. Women were part of the natural and supernatural world, as were men and children. Most beliefs and rituals fostered proper transitions from childhood to adulthood, and the rites of passage—birth, puberty, marriage, and death—were regulated by appropriate ceremonies to allow for personal development and a smoothly functioning social system. The Navajo (Diné) term

18. Native American Religion Introduction to Religion in Native American Cultures This page offers a brief introduction to native american religions in the 17th and 18th centuries http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/Internet/native.htm

Native American Religion related page: Religion in the United States and Canada syllabi and teaching resources "American Indian Musics" http://www2.coloradocollege.edu/dept/SW/swstudies/amindian.htm A course by Victoria Levine at Colorado College. "Cultures: Lakota and Missionary" http://puffin.creighton.edu/bucko/courses/syllabi/mls609_syllabus.html A course by Raymond Bucko at Creighton University. "Introduction to Religion in Native American Cultures" link A course by Russell Kirkland at Franklin College. "Lakota Culture and Inculturation" http://puffin.creighton.edu/bucko/courses/syllabi/mls652_syllabus.html A course by Raymond Bucko at Creighton University. "Native American Cultures" http://www.uga.edu/religion/syl/4700jw.htm A course by Jace Weaver at the University of Georgia. "Native American Religions" http://www.as.ua.edu/rel/pdf/rel235syl.pdf PDF A course by Tim Murphy at the University of Alabama. "Native American Religions"

19. Native Americans. Religion Children s literature resources on native american religions. http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/natreligion.htm

20. Smithsonian Institution, Anthropology Outreach Office: Native American Religion (Contributions to the Study of native american religions. native american religions An Introduction. Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1982. . http://www.nmnh.si.edu/anthro/outreach/religion.html

Anthropology Outreach Office Smithsonian Institution Selected References on NATIVE AMERICAN RITUAL AND RELIGION Aberle, David F. The Peyote Religion Among the Navaho nd ed. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1991. Bahti, Tom and Mark Bahti. Southwestern Indian Ceremonials. rd rev. ed. KC Pubs., 1997. Barney, Garold D. Mormons, Indians and the Ghost Dance Religion of 1890 . Univ. Press of America, 1986. Beck, Peggy V. and Anna L. Walters. The Sacred: Ways of Knowledge, Sources of Life . Navajo College Press, 1977. (An excellent volume written by and from the perspectives of North American Indians. The book also provides suggestions for further reading and a list of films and their distributors.) Boas, Franz. Religion of the Kwakiutl Indians . 2 vols. Reprint ed. (Columbia Univ. Contributions to Anthropology Ser.: No. 10, 1930.) AMS Press. Capps, Walter Holden, ed. Seeing With a Native Eye. (Contributions to the Study of Native American Religions.) Harper Collins Pubs., 1976. (The book discusses the nature and contributions of Native American religion.) Craven, Margaret.

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