101. Main Menu: Native American Indian PlentyStuff Precontact native North american links to many informative essays. Picture stories; Author bios; Cinderella feature; E-texts; language learning http://www.kstrom.net/isk/mainmenu.html

N ATIVE A MERICAN I NDIAN R ESOURCES M AIN M ENU Page Buttons Recent large increases in the amount of traffic to this website has caused the cost of keeping this site online to double again. Please help support this site with your contributions and book purchases. How you can support this website! There are over 300 web pages here. MainMenu leads to menus of independent topical sections . Page navigation buttons will always return you here. Down for revisions: TOOLS. NATIVE MAPS from environmental threats to native Nations to GIS maps that "window" Native info where it's at. Pre-contact Native North American links to many informative essays. Active State maps for reservations in MN, WI, MI, CA, AK (whew!), ND, SD, NY, AZ (linked-to AZ is historical background of Navajo-Hopi Black Mountain land dispute and page of links on this dispute), NM. New: WA, OR; Canada treatymaps; Canadian Bands-by-provinces, contact info; Material culture maps; Pre-contact housing. Buy Posters at AllPosters.com AADIZOOKAANAG IDASH DIBAAJIMOWINAN: Stories Menu True stories by Native authors from many tribes for InterNet. Norma Jean Croy (prisoner for 20 years) and Leonard Peltier (19 years) have stories here; so do the Little People. Myths and legends with tellers and sources.Picture stories; Author bios; Cinderella feature; E-texts; Language learning resources, word for computer. Items below are all menus. Dibaajimowinan: Native Narratives (19th c.); short contemporary fiction

102. Michif Language (Metis, French Cree) Information and links on this native american creole language. http://www.native-languages.org/michif.htm

American Indian Languages American Indian Cultures What's new on our site today! Language: About 500 Metis people in North Dakota and scattered locations in Canada still speak Michif, a unique French- Cree creole using French nouns, Cree verbs, and some local vocabulary borrowed from Indian languages like Ojibway or Dene . Unlike most creoles, Michif shows little if any grammatical simplificationthe polysynthetic verb phrases of Cree are preserved in their full complexity. It's likely that Michif originated, not as a pidgin between Crees and Frenchmen trying to communicate with each other, but as a badge of identity and occasionally-necessary secret code among Metis raised in both languages (similar to Yiddish in Europe). Most Michif speakers today are fluent in neither Cree nor French. Children are no longer learning Michif, leading linguists to class the language as "moribund" (headed for extinction), but there have been efforts to revive its use as a cultural language in some Metis communities. People: The word "Metis" has two different meanings in Canada any mixed-blood Indian ("M©tis" just means "mixed" in French,) who have their own Aboriginal status in Canada

103. Welcome! native Turkish translator has over 36 years of experience in government (Turkish), american and Turkish firms, and international financial institutions. http://www.turkishlanguagetranslator.com

Turkish Language Translator Turkish - English translation services Turkish translation by Turkish translator Turkish - English and English - Turkish translation of your business, legal, and immigration documents (birth certificates, marriage licenses, divorce decrees, driver's licenses, diplomas, transcripts, and other document required by the U.S. Immigration (BCIS, formerly INS) by native, professional Turkish translator. Welcome Need English translation of your immigration documents fast? In general, we translate your documents into English and certify our translation within 24 hours "Certification" of your translation We certify our Turkish to English or English to Turkish language translations in accordance with U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services - BCIS (formerly Immigration and Naturalization Service - INS ) form. We use "Certification by Translator" form with our signature and raised corporate seal. This certification is accepted by universities, U.S. Government agencies, and other public and private institutions. "Notarization" and next day delivery of your translation

104. Telegraph | News One reason why the american military attack on bin Laden is being delayed is because the US army does not have a single person in its ranks who speaks Pashto, the language of the Taliban. From Lahore. Daily Telegraph, UK. http://news.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/09/29/wcia29.xml

105. Nipmuc Indian Association Of Connecticut Home Page Nonprofit membership organization which promotes preservation of Nipmuc Indian and native american history, material culture, crafts, language, sacred and historical sites. http://www.nativetech.org/Nipmuc/

Nipmuc Indian Association of Connecticut The Nipmuc Indian Association of Connecticut is dedicated to our Nipmuc ancestors, to our future seven generations, and to all who have helped our People. Nipmuc Indians are the original people of central New England, and are among the "Eastern Woodlands" or Algonquian Indians of the Eastern United States. Before the arrival of European settlers in the 1600s, the Nipmuc (or "Fresh Water People") lived in numerous band encampments, or ‘villages’, near bodies of fresh water in a territory (called ‘Nipnet’) which extended from the present day Vermont and New Hampshire borders, through Worcester County in Massachusetts, into northern Rhode Island, and into northeastern Connecticut as far south as Plainfield. NATIVEWEB RESOURCES FOR NATIVE AMERICANS ON THE INTERNET NEW ENGLAND ... NATIVE AMERICAN TODAY nearly 2,000 people are certified to be of Nipmuc heritage; most still live in those parts of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut where ancestors of the Nipmuc Indians have lived for over 10,000 years. NIAC, Inc. is the

106. School Of Access - Camosun College - Victoria, BC, Canada Offers services and programs for First Nations, Metis, Inuit, and native american students. Programs, services, student association, bursaries and scholarships, staff and language test. http://www.camosun.bc.ca/apfn/fne/index.php

School of Access Home Becoming A Student Frequently Asked Questions Programs and Courses ... Contact Us Thinking about coming back to school or upgrading your skills? School of Access student programs and courses to help you on your way to your career and personal goals: English language upgrading (ESL) English and Math upgrading (ABE) Science upgrading (College Prep) First Nations and literacy partnership upgrading programs (Community Learning Partnerships) ... Access to Career Programs Where do I begin? Check our Becoming a Student page or our Frequently Asked Questions page. These pages will help guide you to the appropriate program area for you. See our Programs and Courses page to see what we can offer you. The First Nations Education and Services Department is closely connected to the School of Access. The Department provides a centralized link to all First Nations student and content College programming Check the School of Access information in the Camosun Calendar Do you want to talk to someone? If you prefer to talk to someone about your options in the School of Access: Phone the School of Access offices 250-370-4941 or 250-370-3295 or E-mail accessinfo@camosun.bc.ca

107. OIE - Executive Director ESL study at 8 levels eightweek sessions for non-native speakers who wish to improve their language skills for undergraduate and graduate study at an american university. http://www.vcu.edu/oie/elp/index.html

Class Information Features and Services International Students Application Process ... Meet the Staff The English Language Program (ELP) provides English language support to students who are academically admissible to VCU but in need of improved English skills and proficiency, thus enabling them to be more competitive in a classroom environment. The ELP also serves individuals who want to improve their English language skills for career and personal reasons. The VCU English Language Program offers quality language classes that: Virginia Commonwealth University E-mail: oie-elp@vcu.edu Last Modified on:

108. Language Libraries american Indian language resources. http://www.nativevillage.org/Libraries/Language Libraries.htm

Native Village Language Library Named best Language Website on the Internet by American Indian Review Magazine "At the heart of the American Indian oral tradition is a deep and unconditional belief in the efficacy of language. Words are intrinsically powerful. They are magical. By means of words can one ... quiet the raging weather, bring forth the harvest, ward off evil, rid the body of sickness and pain, subdue an enemy, capture the heart of a lover, live in the proper way, and venture beyond death ." Scott Momaday Coso Rock Art A National Historic Landmark deep in China Lake [California], contains one of America's most impressive petroglyphic and archeological complexes.. http://www.cr.nps.gov/archeology/rockart/ **Report a Rock Art Site If you know rock art site, report it to save it! http://www.writteninstone.info/report.html Preserving Native Languages Russian America works written and published in Native Alaskan languages http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/russian/russch8.html Task force on Aboriginal Languages and Cultures http://www.aboriginallanguagestaskforce.ca/e/e_index.html

109. Hostile Territory native american band for individuals whose Indian ancestors lived in the South Cumberland Plateau (Grundy, Coffee, Franklin, Marion, and Warren Counties) before 1900. Tribal history, cultural information, events/festivals, membership details, and a reference on the lower dialect of the Cherokee language. http://www.chikamaka.org

This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them. Chikamaka Timeline Logo Page Who are the Chikamaka? Chikamaka Roll ... Share our Vision Last Updated: 11/28/2003

110. Home Dictionary and fingerspelling video series created by deaf native signers. Sacramento, California area workshops, live order form, links. http://members.aol.com/asl motion/

ASL in Motion Inc. Welcome to ASL in Motion! ASL in Motion Inc. is a cooperative effort of two deaf individuals to bring the beauty and uniqueness of American Sign Language (ASL) in its genuine context. NO More Confusing Books!! Have you ever wanted the opportunity to experience the uniqueness of American Sign Language (ASL)? Here's your chance to do so in the privacy of your home! We offer instructional videotapes for the beginning learner, with products in development for more advanced users, as well as special topic presentations. Contact Information Telephone 916-482-1304 through TTY Relay Service FAX Postal address P.O. Box 216401 Sacramento, CA 95821 Electronic mail General Information: aslmotion@aol.com Sales/Customer Support: aslmotion@aol.com Webmaster: bondavi@aol.com [ Home ] About Us Events/Services Products Last modified: April 23, 1998

111. Languagegeek.com - Native Languages Home Page Fonts, keyboard mapping, and other orthographical aids for native North american languages. http://www.languagegeek.com/

** If you cannot use the menu above on your browser, please use the Contents on this page ** Welcome to Chris Harvey’s Native Language, Font, and Keyboard Page – languagegeek.com If you plan on using information/data/tables/maps etc. from this site, please make sure you source it appropriately. If you are using any information for your own website, please link back to this page. The information on this site has been gathered from many sources which are listed in the bibliography. Site Map / Contents NEW! Pitabek syllabics font FAQ (fonts and keyboards) Fonts General Download Font Map (large file) Version history Test Pages Unicode issues OpenType issues Keyboards About keyboards Keyboards available All about Syllabics North American Languages ... Bibliography About me Curriculum Vit¦ Links Languages Maps Media Unicode Linguistics My Dialect of English: Southern Urban Ontario Email: This site is dedicated to the promotion of Native North American languages, especially in providing a means by which these can be used on the internet. I have included several fonts which try to cover all of the glyphs (alphabetical letters/Syllabics) necessary for writing the Native languages on the continent. Included here are pages which show what orthographical symbols are required, and keyboards which allow easy and ergonomic typing of these languages. Although most of the information here is for those spoken in Canada, new pages are added often, and eventually I plan on covering the entire continent. For any Native language which is not already covered by this site, I will do a custom key layout for either Windows or Mac (or both). Please contact me for more details.

112. Welcome To Fond Du Lac Tribal And Community College The Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College Homepage an overview of academic programs, campus life, resources, news and events, with extensive links to other web sites including Ojibwe language and Culture and native american Indian Resources. http://www.fdl.cc.mn.us/

Campus Information Departments Financial Aid Housing ... Connect to Online Courses Constitution Day Search: Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College 2101 14th Street, Cloquet, MN 55720 Phone (218) 879-0800 Fax (218) 879-0814 Toll Free 1 800 657-3712 TTY (218) 879-0805 This information is available in alternate formats upon request. "A member of the "

113. The Language Of Native American Baskets From The Weavers’ View The Weavers Aesthetic Burden Baskets A Set of Values Basketmaking Associations Smithsonian National Museum of the american Indian. http://www.nmai.si.edu/exhibitions/baskets/

114. How Many Indigenous American Languages Are Spoken In The United States? By How M The condition of native North american languages The need for realistic assessment and action. International Journal of the Sociology of language, 132, http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jcamacho/363/nativetoday.htm

AskNCBE No. 20 askncbe@ncbe.gwu.edu October 1999 How many indigenous American languages are spoken in the United States? By how many speakers? James Estes National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education How Many Languages? Language scholars believe that prior to the arrival of Columbus, approximately 300 languages were spoken in North America; since then, the number of indigenous languages has dropped considerably. Figures on current language use vary (Crystal, 1987; Krauss, 1998; Grimes, 1997) but indicate that roughly half of these languages are now extinct. Many of the remaining languages are considered moribund , or near extinction, as they have few speakers and these speakers are all elders. Some projections suggest that by the year 2050, only twenty indigenous American languages will remain (Crawford, 1999). How Many Speakers? Krauss (1998) notes that the earliest broad survey of language speakers was in 1964; other inventories followed, including SIL International's Ethnologue. According to data provided in Ethnologue, there are over 361,978 speakers of indigenous American languages. It is difficult, however, to determine a precise census of speakers of these languages, and Krauss suggests that reasons for this difficulty include confusing US Census language definitions and biased responses by some respondents. Speakers may deny their language ability (because of a perceived prejudice or stigma) while others may overestimate their own language ability.

115. Resources For Endangered Languages (emphasis On Native American/First Nation/Ame Resources and sources of financial assistance for revitalizing endangered languages. Describes successful language revitalization efforts. http://www.ling.yale.edu:16080/~elf/resources/

Resources for Endangered Languages How To Financial Assistance Online Books Discussion ... The Successes Page This site is for members and friends of endangered language communities, with an emphasis on Native American languages. Please send suggestions to the editor at elf@haskins.yale.edu "The importance of stabilizing endangered languages is analogous to preserving the biodiversity of plant and animal species which supply medicines, foods, and the sustainability of ecologies." - Turtle Island Native Network Methods for revitalizing languages Native Languages Revitalization Resource Directory from IPOLA Teaching Indigenous Languages focuses on "the linguistic, educational, social, and political issues related to the survival of the endangered indigenous languages of the world." The article " Some Basics of Indigenous Language Revitalization " is a good introduction. See also " Maintaining and Renewing Native Languages Turtle Island Native Network Spotlight on Language - news articles on native languages. Issues in U.S. Language Policy: Endangered Languages

116. Native American Indian Sign Language. native american Indian sign language, learn the ancient hand talk of the Indian Tribes! http://www.comanchelodge.com/sign-language.html

American Indian Sign Language American Indian Sign Language Revised: United States Records Search Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas ... *** Family Tree Books/CD-ROMs! *** Ancestor Search: Enter as much information as you know about your ancestor and click search: First Name: Last Name: Location: Any Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Dist. of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Canada England Germany All Non-U.S. Register for our FREE Newsletter! Enter your E-mail Address Enter your First Name Subscribe Un-Subscribe Received Newsletter Format: Plain Text HTML This information will not be used for any other purpose or made available to others for any reason what so ever.

117. Survey Of California And Other Indian Languages The history of american Indian language study at UC Berkeley makes it the top the Berkeley language Center, and the native american Studies program. http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/Survey/

News and Upcoming Events Recent Conferences and Events: Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Conference, June 11-13, 2004 Breath of Life, Silent No More, June 5-10, 2004 Survey Reports order form now available on-line About the Survey The history of American Indian language study at UC Berkeley makes it the top institution of the country in its field. The Department of Linguistics at Berkeley has a long tradition of excellent work in the area of American Indian languages, which was in fact its main focus in its first decades of existence. Dozens of dissertations and hundreds of publications on American Indian languages have been produced by the students and faculty here. Housed in 1303 Dwinelle Hall is the Survey for California and Other Indian languages, a research center and archive which provides workspace for scholars and students specializing in the field, and provides funding for fieldwork. The Survey room houses an archive of fieldnotes ( online catalog available), and manages a large collection of tapes on American Indian languages which are located at the

118. InterTRIBAL.net - Links To Native American Tribes And Resources InterTRIBAL.net offers links to native american and tribal web pages and other native american language Resources. native languages of the Americas http://www.intertribal.net/NAT/NATribes.htm

NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES NOTICE: Listing on this page does not constitute endorsement or approval of a site's content. The links provided here are for the convenience of those who wish to find tribal cultural and language resources. Click here to send us your link for listing on this page ABENAKI Language Resources Native Languages of the Americas ALABAMA-COUSHATTA Connections The Alabama-Coushatta Nation ALASKA NATIVES Connections Tlingit National Anthem: Alaska Natives Online APACHE Connections Yavapai-Apache Nation Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation, New Mexico ARAPAHOE Connections Wind River Reservation Consortium Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma Language Resources Native Languages of the Americas ASSINIBOINE Connections Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana BEOTHUK Language Resources Native Languages of the Americas BLACKFEET Connections Blackfeet Nation in Browning, Montana Blackfoot Nation website, also in Montana Language Resources Native Languages of the Americas CABAZON BAND OF MISSION INDIANS Connections Cabazon Band of Mission Indians CADDO Connections Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma CHEROKEE Connections Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma Cherokee Nation Heritage Center Eastern Band Cherokee (North Carolina) Museum of the Cherokee Indian (Cherokee, NC)

119. Athena Review 1,3: South American Languages The relative complexity of South american languages is thus partly due to gradual Today, Quechuan is the only native language extant in the Ecuadorian http://www.athenapub.com/salang1.htm

free trial issue subscribe back issues Athena Review, Vol. 1, No.3 South American Languages Humans have been in South America for at least 12,500 years. As settlements spread along rivers and coastlines, both intermixture and isolation of South American populations occurred, with millenia of separation eventually resulting from barriers of water, rainforests, and mountains. Such ancient trends, overlain by more recent displacements of colonialism, have caused South America to contain the most diverse body of native languages on any continent. Many are now extinct, and others are mere remnants of what contact period sources such as Carvajal, reporting for the Orellana Amazon expedition in 1542 , saw as very large populations. A total of 34 language families and over a dozen isolated stocks with about 1000 individual languages have been identified in South America. This represents a high level of diversity on the level of language family compared to other continental areas. All of Africa, Asia, and Europe combined have only 21 language families, some of which have many more languages than any South American language family. In Africa, for example, a single family (Niger-Congo) contains 1436 languages, while another (Bantu) has over 1000 languages. In Europe and western Asia, meanwhile, the Indo-European family includes 425 languages, ranging from Gaelic to Hindi. Fig.1:

120. Indian Country Today - The Nation's Leading Native American Indian News Source The world s largest native american Indian news source, in Education Act to encourage Dine language and culture in schools on the Navajo Nation. http://www.indiancountry.com/

Dalai Lama Kankuamo Tribe Dewey Beard SEARCH ICT ARCHIVES NEWS ALERTS SUBSCRIPTIONS ADVERTISING ... Louisiana tribes underwater from Hurricane Rita by: Brenda Norrell / Indian Country Today MONTEGUT, La. - The Pointe-au-Chien and Isle de Jean Charles of the Biloxi-Chitimacha tribal lands south of New Orleans were underwater as of Sept. 23, as Hurricane Rita advanced on the Gulf Coast. ''The Point-Au-Chien Indian Tribe's community is now under water,'' said Patty Ferguson, tribal member and tribal attorney. ''I don't know how many homes will end up underwater, as water is still coming in. Now would be a good time to send supplies, such as cleaning supplies: bleach, mops, buckets, brooms, sponges and gloves. Water and food will be needed also." more >> Surviving Katrina Today's feature article sponsored by WellPoint, Inc. WellPoint, the nation's leading health benefits company, may have just the right career opportunity for you. Discarded Trust documents found Mascot logos still hot-button issue ... If Indian Trust case goes bad, fire the judge! Posted: September 22, 2005 by: Editors Report / Indian Country Today Talk about an abuse of power. Talk about brazen interference with an ongoing trial on government malfeasance. If things are looking bad for you, according to the federal government, don't fire your lawyer - fire the judge!

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