61. CIA - The World Factbook -- Mongolia local short form Mongol Uls former Outer mongolia. government type. Definition Field Listing mixed parliamentary/presidential. Capital http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mg.html

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62. JURIST - Mongolia: Mongolian Law, Legal Research, Human Rights Until 1990, the Mongolian government was modeled on the Soviet system; The Mongolian government generally respected the human rights of its citizens in http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/mongolia.htm

MONGOLIA JURIST WORLD LAW >> Mongolia Human Rights Legal Profession Law Schools Constitution of Mongolia ... Mongolian Ministry of Justice and Internal Affiars (in Mongolian) Until 1990, the Mongolian Government was modeled on the Soviet system; only the communist partythe MPRPofficially was permitted to function. After some instability during the first two decades of communist rule in Mongolia, there was no significant popular unrest until December 1989. The birth of perestroika in the former Soviet Union and the democracy movement in Eastern Europe were mirrored in Mongolia. The dramatic shift toward reform started in early 1990 when the first organized opposition group, the Mongolian Democratic Union, appeared. In the face of extended street protests in sub-zero weather and popular demands for faster reform, the politburo of the MPRP resigned in March 1990. In May, the Constitution was amended, deleting reference to the MPRP's role as the guiding force in the country, legalizing opposition parties, creating a standing legislative body, and establishing the office of President. Mongolia's first multi-party elections for a People's Great Hural were held on July 29, 1990. The MPRP won 85% of the seats. The People's Great Hural first met on September 3 and elected a president (MPRP), vice president (SDPSocial Democrats), prime minister (MPRP), and 50 members to the Baga Hural (small Hural). In November 1991, the People's Great Hural began discussion on a new constitution, which entered into force February 12. In addition to establishing Mongolia as an independent, sovereign republic, guaranteeing a number of rights and freedoms and providing that the president would be elected by popular vote rather than by the legislature, the new constitution restructured the legislative branch of government, creating a unicameral legislature, the State Great Hural (SGH).

63. Mongolia - Government THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLE S REPUBLIC was undergoing a major transition in the development of its government and political institutions in the late 1980s. http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/59.htm

Government Mongolia Table of Contents THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC was undergoing a major transition in the development of its government and political institutions in the late 1980s. Beginning in 1984, the country had embarked on a program to restructure its political and economic system in ways that engaged the entire population and made it responsible and accountable for the country's modernization. Much of the inspiration for this program came from the Soviet Union's examples of glasnost and perestroika Government Structure Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party The Political Process Foreign Policy ... Mongolia Table of Contents Source: U.S. Library of Congress

64. UN Mongolia Official Website - UNOPS And Government Of Mongolia Signs A Document UNOPS and government of mongolia signs a document of cooperation Monday, 04 November 2002 On 4 November 2002 Finance Minister Ch.Ulaan and Saraswathi Menon, http://www.un-mongolia.mn/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=231

65. ICOM Inc. To Supply Mongolian Government In ODA Deal government s ODA (Official Development Assistance) program with mongolia. first case of a bulk supply of transceivers to the mongolian government. http://www.icom.co.jp/world/info/mongol.html

ICOM Inc. has received an official order to supply the Government of Mongolia with 1753 units of the commercial HF transceiver, the IC-78. In addition, a further 1579 units of the automatic antenna tuner, AT-130, are also to be supplied. This order is in conjunction with the Japanese government's ODA (Official Development Assistance) program with Mongolia. This is the first case of a bulk supply of transceivers to the Mongolian government. These transceivers will be used as emergency communication units during severe snow hazards and droughts. A number of these units have already been supplied, and instruction of local engineers in the use, set-up and maintenance of these transceivers and antenna tuners is also underway. The full supply is to be completed by September, this year. Mongolia has been badly affected by severe snowstorms and droughts since 1999 through to 2001. This ODA offer by the Japanese government is in response to a request by the Mongolian government for assistance in overcoming these natural disasters.

66. Country Narrative - Mongolia The government of mongolia does not fully comply with the minimum standards The mongolian government has acknowledged that trafficking is a problem and http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Mongolia-2.htm

Country-by-Country Reports MONGOLIA (TIER 2) [Extracted from U.S. State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2005] Mongolia is a source and transit country for women and men trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor; it also faces a problem of children trafficked internally for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. In 2004, the government documented over 200 Mongolian children exploited as prostitutes. Mongolian women are trafficked to China, Macau, and South Korea for commercial sexual exploitation. There are also reports that Mongolian women have been trafficked to Hungary, Poland, and other East European countries, as well as France and Germany. Some Mongolian men working overseas face exploitative conditions that meet the definition of involuntary servitude - a severe form of trafficking. The Government of Mongolia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. The Mongolian Government has acknowledged that trafficking is a problem and has tried to improve its ability to address it. While the government engages NGOs and regional and international organizations on anti-trafficking measures, it lacks the resources to combat trafficking effectively on its own. The Mongolian Government does not systematically monitor its anti-trafficking efforts and some officials lack an understanding of what constitutes trafficking. Government action should concentrate on adopting a strong and comprehensive anti-trafficking law, arresting and prosecuting traffickers, and providing victim protection measures.

67. Mongolia - GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS mongolia. government AND POLITICS. Party and government Communist, modeled on Soviet system; limited degree of private ownership permitted by 1960 http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8877.html

Country Listing Mongolia Table of Contents Mongolia GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Party and Government: Communist, modeled on Soviet system; limited degree of private ownership permitted by 1960 Constitution. Unicameral People's Great Hural with 370 deputies elected in June 1986 for four-year term; 328 were members or candidate members of ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. Council of Ministers with highest executive power. Political processes guided in theory by People's Great Hural, which enacts basic laws of country, but real power vested in tenperson party Political Bureau. Central Committee appoints and removes Political Bureau members and is itself appointed by National Party Congress. Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party only legal party in 1989. Land, natural resources, factories, transport, and banking organizations are state property. Cooperative ownership of most public enterprises, especially livestock herding. Administrative Divisions: Eighteen provinces ( aymags ), three municipalities (

68. Mongolia - Beginning Of Modern Military Practices, 1911-21 The Mongolian government of monks and nobility lacked both the funds and the will The Mongolian government s lack of interest in an effective military http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9024.html

Country Listing Mongolia Table of Contents Mongolia Beginning of Modern Military Practices, 1911-21 In terms of a consciously expressed military tradition, modern Mongolian military history began in 1911 with the autonomy of Outer Mongolia (see Glossary) and the establishment of a new-style army with Russian military assistance. Russia, after its disastrous defeat in the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War, noted the modernization of the Chinese army and realized the need for a buffer between a resurgent China and Russia's tenuous lifeline to eastern Siberia, the Trans-Siberian Railway. Consequently, Russia looked with favor on Outer Mongolia's efforts to free itself of Chinese rule in 1911. The tsar received a Mongolian delegation in August 1911, and he agreed to furnish arms and ammunition to Outer Mongolia. When the Chinese revolution occurred in October, the Mongolians proclaimed their freedom, receiving diplomatic support from Russia (see The End of Independence , ch. 1). In 1912 a small Russian military mission arrived in Yihe Huree (present-day Ulaanbaatarsee Glossary) to train a Mongolian army of conscripts furnished by the ruling nobles. As increments of this force were trained, they were sent as first priority to the Chinese frontier. About half the army was retained near Yihe Huree as a general reserve. In the summer of 1912, elements of this fledgling army fought their first battle, forcing the surrender of a Chinese garrison at Hovd in western Mongolia. On November 3, 1912, a secret Mongolian-Russian agreement supported Mongolia's claim for its own national army and promised to prohibit Chinese troops in Mongolia.

69. Honorary Consulate Of Mongolia - Government - Houston, TX, 77001 Come to Citysearch to get information, directions, and reviews on Honorary Consulate of mongolia and other yp listings in Houston. http://houston.citysearch.com/profile/9830536/houston_tx/honorary_consulate_of_m

70. THE UB POST - Leading Newswire Of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar based mongolian national independent English newspaper. in the matter following a jurisdictional challenge from the government of mongolia. http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1114665591&archive=&

71. THE UB POST - Leading Newswire Of Mongolia The Mongolian government has repeatedly pledged itself to transparency and openness. The Action Plan of the Mongolian government (20042008) contains a http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/opinion.php?subaction=showfull&id=1101990313&archive

72. US Embassy Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: Business & Investment Mongolian Laws government; The Mongolian Emabssy in Washington DC The Mongolian government Agency responsible for managing and privatizing stateowned http://us-mongolia.com/business/links.shtml

US Embassy at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Home Defense Attaché USAID in Mongolia Site Search ... Business Links Business Links The following links will be useful to anyone interested or involved in business or investment in Mongolia. Please note that all external links will open in a new window. Trade Associations North America-Mongolian Business Council Mongolian Government and Law Draft Legislation from the Mongolian Government Part of the Public and Private Partnership Initiative The Prime Minister's Website The Mongolian Emabssy in Washington D.C. Mongolian State Property Committee The Mongolian Government Agency responsible for managing and privatizing state-owned assets. Business Links COMMERCIAL NEWS USA ONLINE Export Product Showcase - CNUSA is the place where American exporters meet importers from around the world to establish successful business relationships. FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN TRADE AGENCY (FIFTA) Home of the One Stop Service Center Foreign Business Service outlet, FIFTA is the government Agency responsible for promotion and facilitation of foreign direct investment and foreign trade in the country. ULAANBAATAR.NET

73. US Embassy Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: USAID In Mongolia Presented recommendations to the Mongolian government on hunting regulations. Presented recommendations to the government on Brandt s vole management and http://us-mongolia.com/usaidmongolia/esll.shtml

US Embassy at Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Home Defense Attaché USAID in Mongolia Site Search ... Program Related Links USAID IN MONGOLIA The Eastern Steppe Living Landscape Managed by: Wildlife Conservation Society PO Box 485 Post Office 38 Ulaanbaatar 211238 Mongolia Phone: 99-829253 E-mail: pzahler@wcs.org Funded By: USAID Global Conservation Program II Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) UNDP-GEF Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund Funding Period: October 1, 2003-September 30, 2008 Program Location: Eastern Steppes region - Dornod, Sukhbaatar, and southern Khenti Aimags Program Goal: Develop a management system for the Eastern Steppe that preserves its ecological integrity using a wildlife-focused, pro-active approach to landscape planning and implementation and promote the adoption of sustainable conservation practices on the Eastern Steppe and throughout Mongolia. Program Objectives: Improve landscape-level planning and management based on the landscape species approach. Promote policy changes based on sound knowledge of the needs of humans and wildlife. Assist with development of economic alternatives that allow for sustainable use of steppe resources.

74. Mongolia Showcases Mining Wealth The Mongolian government said it will offer tax breaks to companies such as BHP Billiton, Mitsui Co. and Vale do Rio Doce to attract investment in coal http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/01/20/259.html

Business Features Front Page News Business Opinion ... Stock Market Services Classifieds Conferences Photobook Tools Archive Search PDF Edition Full PDF Archive My Account ... About Archive January February March April May June July August September October November December Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Archive Search Advanced search... Thursday, January 20, 2005. Issue 3088. Aa Aa Aa Mongolia Showcases Mining Wealth By Rob Delaney Bloomberg Mongolia wants to attract miners, as well as companies to build roads, railways, power plants, and to manufacture products such as car parts, said the country's Trade Minister Sukhbaatar Batbold. "We want industrial development of the southern Gobi, where we have a lot of mineral resources and mining potential," Batbold said in an interview. Batbold heads the so-called South Gobi Initiative group, which will submit a development plan for parliamentary approval in April. South Gobi holds a 6 billion ton coal deposit, or equivalent to three years of imports by neighboring China, and a copper and gold deposit containing at least $68 billion worth of metals, controlled by Canada's Ivanhoe Mines. Each deposit could produce more than $1 billion of minerals per year, said Turbat, director of Mongolian consultant Mine-Info. "A lot of people are interested in getting mineral rights for these reserves. It's a really big dogfight," said Vale executive director Jose Carlos Martins in an interview in Seoul. "We are in the middle of negotiations."

75. Government - Mongolia - Asia government, mongolia, asia. mongolia, government. Under mongolia’s 1960 constitution, the supreme organ of state power was the People’s Great Hural http://www.countriesquest.com/asia/mongolia/government.htm

you are here home Asia Mongolia Government Mongolia, Government Under Mongolia’s 1960 constitution, the supreme organ of state power was the People’s Great Hural (Khural), a 430-member assembly that usually met twice a year. The Communist party, called the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP), was the sole legal party until 1990, when the constitution was amended to allow opposition parties, institute a presidential system of government, and add a 53-member standing legislature, the Small Hural. In January 1992 a new constitution was adopted. By this constitution, the legislative power of the republic resides in the 76-member Great Hural; the delegates of the Great Hural are chosen for four-year terms through direct, free elections. The president is head of state and is also elected to a four-year term. Voting is universal beginning at age 18. deeper links Judiciary Local Government Defense search this website :: site map privacy legal

76. Banking Law Of Mongolia The Mongolian government shall, at the recommendation of Mongol Bank, decide questions concerning establishment of foreign bank branches and representative http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/banklaw.htm

THE BANKING LAW OF MONGOLIA. (Unofficial translation from Mongolian) SECTION ONE. GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. Purpose of the Law. The purpose of the Banking Law of Mongolia shall be to consolidate the banking system of Mongolia, lay dawn the legal basis of the banking activities and coordinate them. Article 2. Bank Operating in Mongolia. 1. The bank shall be a commercial institution involved in a variety of financial activities such as accepting and safeguarding deposits, lending them on its behalf, money transmission and keeping customers' accounts. 2. The bank shall not bear responsibility for obligations undertaken by the State, and the State shall not take responsibility for obligations undertaken by the bank unless the State assumes the responsibility specifically. Article 3. Banking System in Mongolia The banking system in Mongolia shall comprise the Central Bank of Mongolia and the commercial banks. Article 4. Banking Activities and Services The activities and services provided by banks shall be: (1) to keep customer's deposits of money, make payments and settlements;

77. 1994 Economic Review (Mongolia) Supporting mongolian government s plan of actions, the Tokyo Conference decided to The government of mongolia took further steps to encourage foreign http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/review.htm

MONGOLIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY REVIEW OF THE MONGOLIAN ECONOMY FOR 1994 I. INTRODUCTION The year of 1994 was marked by first positive shifts in the economy of the country in its tough and irreversible movement towards market-oriented system. Although socio-economic hardships still remained in 1994, the State Statistical Office estimated a 2.1% GDP growth, the first ever during the last 5 years. Last year was rich in events which benefited the creation of more favorable external environment for the implementation of the successful transition to market system. The Chinese Prime-Minister Mr. Li Peng visited Mongolia last year at the invitation of the Mongolian Government. The visits of the Australian Governor and Minister of Foreign Affairs opened a new page in the history of Mongol-Australian relations. The Hungarian President visited Mongolia and agreements on investment, taxation and others were signed. The utilization of the technical assistance fund of 8 million ECU within the TACIS program was agreed upon with the European Union. At the Fourth Mongolia Aid Conference held in Tokyo in November 8-9, 1994, the donor countries, international financial institutions and organizations expressed their satisfaction with the efforts of the Mongolian Government to stabilize its economy and push ahead structural reforms. The donors emphasized the first signs of inflation falling down, togrog rate becoming stable and the economic recovery. Supporting Mongolian Government's plan of actions, the Tokyo Conference decided to provide US$ 210 million concessional loans and grants in 1995, the largest one for a single year.

78. MSN Encarta - Mongolia (country) In 1929 the Mongolian government began a campaign to bring livestock under With the permission of the Mongolian government, Soviet troops were stationed http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565003_6/Mongolia_(country).html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Genghis Khan, historic leader of the Mongols Gobi Desert, which is in Mongolia more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Mongolia (country) Search for books and more related to Mongolia (country) Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for Mongolia (country) Encarta Search Search Encarta about Mongolia (country) Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Mongolia (country) ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 6 of 7 Mongolia (country) Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 10 items Dynamic Map Map of Mongolia (country) Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources Population Economy ... History B Local Government Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces, which are subdivided into districts, and the municipality of Ulaanbaatar. Local governments consist of hurals (assemblies) of representatives who are directly elected to four-year terms.

79. IT Landscape Of Mongolia - E-Government Recognizing the importance of IT, Mongolian government adopted a policy paper The Mongolian government recognizes the potential role that emergent http://www.american.edu/initeb/dp6120a/html/it_landscape_of_mongolia_-_e1.html

E-Government Overview: According to the World Bank, E-government refers to “the use of information and communications technologies to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of government”. E-government can be divided into Government-to-Government (G2G) and Government to Citizens (G2C). E-Government in Mongolia The delivery of information through the use of information and telecommunication technology is strategically important for developing countries like Mongolia. E-Government is the new topic in the area of Information Technology (IT) of Mongolia. Recognizing the importance of IT, Mongolian Government adopted a policy paper entitled "Vision for the development of information and communication technology until 2010". The paper details the basic scope of the promotion of information technology and the priorities of IT application in Mongolia. In order to establish a development of government IT system among the government-legislation, business-economic, and people-society, there are three main frameworks as follows: 1. Framework is within the government-legislation: The Government is the Founder of a social system with Information and Communication Technologies, an open source for information and data and it should offer the main service

80. IT Landscape Of Mongolia - National ICT Policies In December of 1997, the government of mongolia has established a Working 7, 2001, is an evidence of that mongolian government has been furthering its http://www.american.edu/initeb/dp6120a/html/it_landscape_of_mongolia_-_n.html

National ICT Policies Overview ICT policies are extremely important for developing countries like Mongolia. ”ICT can be a powerful enabler of development goals because its unique characteristics dramatically improve communication and the exchange of information to strengthen and create new economic and social networks. ICT can contribute to income generation and poverty reduction. It enables people and enterprises to capture economic opportunities by increasing process efficiency, promoting participation in expanded economic networks, and creating opportunities for employment.” ICT Policies in Mongolia As evidence that Mongolia is fully aware of the importance of Information Communications Technology (ICT), the mission of the ICT Development concept of Mongolia has been adopted by the Government in 1996. The key strategic goal with respect to the Information Technology (IT) development has been defined as "introduction of world wide and nation wide IT into production, services and public life, organization of new software and IT industry, and establishment of scientific and technological information network". The Ministry of Enlightenment which is the policy making and coordinating government authority in the field of education, science, technology and culture, and responsible for library and information service's development policy has been set up following the political election of 1996.

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