41. La Mongolie Pr©sentation du pays. Histoire, g©ographie, culture et photographie. Proposition d'un s©jour, recettes. http://mongolia.site.voila.fr/

42. Photos De Mongolie Paysages, culture festive et religieuse, faune et flore, accompagn©s de commentaires, par Errol Palandjian. http://mongolia.free.fr/

43. The American Museum Of Natural History - BioBulletin The Horse In Mongolian Cult The Horse in mongolian culture Interactive Even in the twentyfirst century, mongolia remains a horse-based culture and retains its pastoral traditions. http://biobulletin.amnh.org/D/2/2/

The Wild Horse Returns to Mongolia The Horse in Mongolian Culture When is a Wild Horse Actually a Feral Horse? © American Museum of Natural History The Horse in Mongolian Culture Interactive The Horse in Mongolian Culture Did you know that horses were domesticated well after cattle and dogs? That they were used in harness long before humans rode on their backs? For early man, the horse was primarily a plentiful and relatively low-maintenance source of meat. Unlike cattle and sheep, horses could scrape away ice and snow to reach the grass beneath, so they didn't need fodder in the winter. Some scientists think horses were first domesticated in Mesopotamia and China around 4,000 B.C.; others believe that the Scythians, who lived on the treeless steppes of southern Russia, first tamed the horse around 3,000 B.C. Its use then spread rapidly through Asia and Europe. The importance of the horse in exploration, agriculture, war, and sports is documented in ancient art and mythology, from the Scythians and Assyrians through Greek and Roman cultures and on to the present day. By making people more mobile, the domesticated horse radically changed many cultures. Nomadic caravans reached the foothills of the Asian mountains, and on northward and eastward into Asia. Whole villages learned to ride, and began a way of life centered around horses, which were used as mounts, pack animals, and as a source of food (both for horsemeat and mare's milk). "It is not possible to imagine Mongolian history without horses, and I think it is not possible to view the future of Mongolia without horses as well. Mongolia is not Mongolia without horses."

44. MONGOLIA Mongolian culture is unique and dissimilar to anywhere else on earth. Music is an important part of Mongolian culture, particularly in the countryside http://www.bjsvacations.com/packages/show_country.asp?countryid=MN

45. People To People International Cultural Program - Mongolia The program aims to both promote understanding of Mongolian culture for the visitor and to create an opportunity for PTPI members in Ulaanbaatar to learn http://ptpe.org/mongolia/

PTPI I ntercultural Experience 2-3 Months in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia For many years People to People International has been offering various kind s of cultural programs: At this point we are happy to present a two-three month stay in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in cooperation with PTPI’s Ulaanbaatar Chapter. PTPI Ulaanbaatar The PTPI’s Ulaanbaatar Chapter started a few years ago. Members of the chapter have attended various international programs with PTP I . The chapter has a language school for its members and invites members to visit the city and country for shorter or longer periods. Natasha's Experience in Mongolia Julia's Experience in Mongolia A pplication Form ... Program Description in MS Word De Cultural program in Ulaanbaatar People to People International invites members to come to Ulaanbaatar for 2-3 months. The program aims to both promote understanding of Mongolian culture for the visitor and to create an opportunity for PTPI members in Ulaanbaatar to learn more about other countries and to improve language skills. Expectations of a participant If selected for the program, PTPI’s Ulaanbaatar Chapter will host you for the period you are in Mongolia. You will be expected to work part time mainly as language teacher at the Chapter language school. It is understood that you are not necessarily an educated teacher. If you have other interests for example folk dance, sports or art you may suggest that as a program for the chapter as well.

46. OurWorld: Foundation Started By SIT Study Abroad Alumni Protects Mongolian Cultu They were struck both by the urgent need to preserve mongolian culture, SIT mongolia allowed Liliana and I to access mongolian culture in an intimate http://ourworld.worldlearning.org/site/News2?JServSessionIdr006=lrzvxn6b91.app6b

47. Information For Mongolia - Culture, ... General Information for mongolia. The Living culture Heritage. There are roughly 5 million Mongols today, of whom 2,2 million live within independent http://hiddentrails.com/asia/mongolia-gen3.htm

Nadaam in Ulan Bator The Living Culture Heritage There are roughly 5 million Mongols today, of whom 2,2 million live within independent Mongolia. The remaining ethnic Mongols live in China (Inner Mongolia) and Siberia in the so called Buryat Autonomous Republic to the east of Lake Baikal. In China and Russia most Mongols no longer live in gers and they have become minorities in their own lands. Mongolian herdsmen of today share the same lifestyles as those their ancestors have practiced since time immemorial. Their land use patterns date back at least to the time of the Huns and the period during which the Chinese started constructing the Great Wall in 200 BC Their life revolves around their yurts, their livestock and the pastures. More than a quarter of the entire population are semi-nomadic herdsmen. Every Mongolian can ride, in fact they dislike walking. The capital, Ulan Bator offer a sharp contrast to the herdsmen´s lifestyles. Most modern buildings have been erected by Russians over the last thirty or so years. A quarter of the Mongolian population live in this city, but over half of these urbanites still live in traditional gers. Typical for Mongolia, there is a tremendous contrast between the old and the new modern Russian-inspired gray buildings. There seems to be very little middle ground. The modern Russian impact on architecture and lifestyle is confined to Ulan Bator and a few other towns. Approximately 6 percent of the population of Mongolia are non-ethnic Mongols. These non-Mongol groups are kazakhs, urianhai (tuvinian) and hoton. Kazakhs are the main inhabitants in western Mongolia, e.g. the Bayan-Ölgii province. They are muslims and speak a Turkic language. Of the Mongolian ethnic groups the Khalkha Mongols make up 70 per cent of the population and the remaining are divided into 14 sub-groups. Westerners find it difficult to distinguish them from each other.

48. Mongolia - Culture (Grades 4-6) mongolia culture By Ekaterina Zhdanova-Redman mongolia - culture. Sample This is only a sample pre-made worksheet. Sign up now! http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_Geography_192_1.html

Sample Mongolia - Culture (Grades 4-6) Worksheet Reading Comprehension Worksheets edHelper.com Subscribers: Build a printable worksheet with the complete story and puzzles Build a proofreading activity With just one subscription, you will have access to the math, spelling, vocabulary, and critical thinking worksheets! Sign up now for the subscriber materials! Mongolia - Culture By Ekaterina Zhdanova-Redman Mongolia is a very old country. A lot of its modern daily life can be traced back thousands of years. In fact, many modern-day Mongolians live in the same kinds of houses they lived in thousands of years ago! The earliest Mongolians were farmers and animal herders. Both jobs required that many Mongolians stay on the move. These people who moved around were called nomads. They moved to chase animals or to better land for farming. Generally, they had few possessions, since they had to move so often. Rather than building a new house every time they moved, these Mongolian nomads created interesting portable houses, called "gers" or "yurts." Gers are round and can be easily broken down and set back up. The frames sometimes are made of wood and covered with animal skin or felt. In Mongolia's capital city of Ulaanbaatar, many Mongolians still live in this kind of house. While the gers have been modernized, today they still look a lot like they did thousands of years ago. According to tradition, the door of a ger faces south, and there is a special place inside set aside for guests. And on the back wall of the ger is a place for images of Buddha.

49. Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan Mongolian political culture may be seen in Section 4. Contemporary ger altar of a young couple, Tuv Aimag, 2001. The influence of government on material http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Mongolia/section4.shtml

Mongolian Culture What is Culture? Political Culture? Material Culture: The Ger, the Deel, and the Altar in the 20th Century Mongolian Political Culture of Democracy from Genghis Khan to Today Democratic ... Back to Main What is Political Culture? In order to talk about a country's political culture, we must first define culture. Anthropologists have worked on a definition of culture for over 150 years. The definition used by many anthropologists today comes from Professor Clifford Geertz of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University. He wrote, Believing that man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun, I take culture to be those webs, and the analysis of it to be . . . an interpretive [science] in search of meaning. In other words, while people create a culture just as the spider creates a web, people cannot live without culture any more than a spider can survive without its web. And just as different species of spider build webs with different patterns, so different groups of people create different cultures. What then is culture? It is the lens through which groups of people (members of a society or an entire society) interpret the things they observe and experience. This lens varies from one culture to another. One culture may interpret an exploding volcano as the result of shifting tectonic plates in the earth's crust; another may interpret it as the anger of some force or god at the misbehavior of a people.

50. Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan Mongolian Political culture of Democracy from Genghis Khan to Today. Mongolians today value democratic government. In fact, for a country that endured 70 http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Mongolia/section4a.shtml

Mongolian Culture What is Culture? Political Culture? Material Culture: The Ger, the Deel, and the Altar in the 20th Century Mongolian Political Culture of Democracy from Genghis Khan to Today Democratic Principles Under Genghis Khan and Mongolia's Culture of Democracy Today ... Back to Main Mongolian Political Culture of Democracy from Genghis Khan to Today Mongolians today value democratic government. In fact, for a country that endured 70 years of Communist rule, they took to democracy very fast. Why would this be so? Was it the influence of Western culture at the end of the 1980s? Was it Mongolians' own nomadic life, where nomads were free to come and go even when the government and class system were hierarchical? Or was it the Mongolian tradition of valuing democratic principles handed down to them by Genghis Khan? It was probably a combination of these three factors. "...Genghis Khan established these democratic principles 9 years before King John signed the Magna Carta..."

51. Samar Magic Tours-Adventure Active Tours, Adventure Travel , Exotic Vacations, H Discover mongolia, explore the mongolian steppe and the culture of the mongolian Nomads. We will experience both the mongolian culture and nomadic people. http://www.samarmagictours.com/

Home Tours Conditions Booking form FAQ ... 15 days of "Naadam" Festival Tour Please see the other tours 15 days-SMT15D (tours) 22 days-SMT22D (tours) 15 days-SMTNF15D (Naadam!) 19 days-SMT19D (Khuvsgul lake!) 11 days-SMT11D (tours) 9 or 12 days-SMFT9D (fishing!) 15 or 19 days-SMTMB19D(biking!) 8 days-SMT8HRV (horseback!) 14 days- SMT14BO (climbing!) 14 days- SMT14TMT (by train) 8 days-SMT8D (tour!) 8 days-SMT-STVGG8D(tour!) 8 days-SMT-STHGG8D (horseback and birdwatching!) 12 days-SMT12HW (hiking!) 13 days- SMTAA13D (camel riding!) 14 or 18 days-SMT14HTSATAAN(horseback!) 2,3,4,5 days(budget tours) 15 days-SMT15HRV(horseback!) 11 days-SMT11EHF(eagle hunting festival!) 17 or 24 days-SMT17TMT(by train!) 18 days-SMTBLGD18D(tours!) 12 days-SMTSD12D(sleg dogs!) Mongolia Discovery Tour 15 Days Curious about the country and the people? Discover Mongolia on your trip through various regions, and enjoy everything from the exciting parts of Mongolia. Mongolian Exclusive tour

52. Samar Magic Tours-Adventure Active Tours, Adventure Travel , Exotic Vacations, H Discover mongolia, explore the mongolian steppe, the culture of the mongolian Nomads We will experience both the mongolian culture and people. http://www.samarmagictours.com/en_baikal_gobi.htm

Home Tours Condition Booking form FAQ FROM BAIKAL LAKE IN SIBERIA, RUSSIA TO GOBI DESERT ADVENTURES IN MONGOLIA Deutsch English Español 18-day or 16-day f rom the Lake Baikal in Siberia to Gobi desert Adventures Please see the other tours 15 days-SMT15D (tours) 22 days-SMT22D (tours) 14 days-SMTNF14D (Naadam!) 19 days-SMT19D (Khuvsgul lake!) 11 days-SMT11D (tours) 9 or 12 days-SMFT9D (fishing!) 15 or 22 days-SMTMB22D(biking!) 8 days-SMT8HRV (horseback!) 14 days- SMT14BO (climbing!) 14 days- SMT14TMT (by train) 8 days-SMT8D (tour!) 8 days-SMT-STVGG8D(tour!) 8 days-SMT-STHGG8D (horseback and birdwatching!) 12 days-SMT12HW (hiking!) 13 days- SMTAA13D (camel riding!) 14 or 18 days-SMT14HTSATAAN(horseback!) 2,3,4,5 days(budget tours) 15 days-SMT15HRV(horseback!) 11 or 12 days-SMT11EHF(eagle hunting!) 17 or 24 days-SMT17TMT(by train!) 18 days-SMTBLGD18D(tours!) 12 days-SMTSD12D(sleg dogs!) Tour Code: SMT-BLGD18D or SMT-BLGD16D Bookings accepted from parties of three or more persons Tour Highlights: Book Now!

53. Mongolia Travel Guide @ TravelNotes.org The Foundation is chartered to introduce mongolian culture to the people of Southern Adventurous treks and cultural tours in mongolia, visiting ancient http://www.travelnotes.org/Asia/mongolia.htm

Car Hire Cruises Flights Hotels ... Oceania Mongolia Mongolia Travel Guide @ TravelNotes.org Dinosaur Graveyard Genghis Khan Getting to Mongolia ... Free TravelNotes e-mail Flag of Mongolia Mongolia is also known as Outer Mongolia. Inner Mongolia is the grasslands region in China Local Currency Convert your currency into Mongolian tughrik. Buy a Map of Mongolia Countries neighbouring Mongolia are: China Russia , and Kazakhstan National Anthem of Mongolia. Food Travel Fiction Health Kids Bios Humor Mags Software Gifts Tech Business Other Your Ad Here News Headlines World News Directory of newspapers and news sources from around the world. UB Post News headlines from the Mongolian independent English weekly newspaper. The Gobi Desert The Gobi is located in Mongolia and northern China. A plateau between higher mountains, the mainly gravel plains is the coldest, most northern desert in the world. The Gobi is not entirely waterless, and several caravan trails dating from ancient times cross the Gobi region. Marco Polo, along with his father and uncle, were the first Europeans to traverse the Gobi; around 1275.

54. Mongolia Buddhism the shamans to the religious and cultural fringes of Mongolian culture. Buddhism had penetrated deeply into Mongolian culture, and the populace http://www.country-studies.com/mongolia/buddhism.html

Buddhism In Tibet Buddhism thus became an amalgam, combining colorful popular ceremonies and curing rituals for the masses with the study of esoteric doctrine for the monastic elite. The Yellow Sect, in contrast to competing sects, stressed monastic discipline and the use of logic and formal debates as aids to enlightenment. The basic Buddhist tenet of reincarnation was combined with the Tantric idea that buddhahood could be achieved within a person's lifetime to produce a category of leaders who were considered to have achieved buddhahood and to be the reincarnations of previous leaders. These leaders, referred to as incarnate or living buddhas, held secular power and supervised a body of ordinary monks, or lamas (from a Tibetan title bla-ma , meaning "the revered one)". The monks were supported by the laity, who thereby gained merit and who received from the monks instructions in the rudiments of the faith and monastic services in healing, divination, and funerals. Buddhism and the Buddhist monkhood always have played significant political roles in Central and Southeast Asia, and the Buddhist church in Mongolia was no exception. Church and state supported each other, and the doctrine of reincarnation made it possible for the reincarnations of living buddhas to be discovered conveniently in the families of powerful Mongol nobles.

55. Mongolia Web Links Official Website of the Government Organizations of mongolia http//www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mongolia.html. mongolian culture Links and Resources http://www.aems.uiuc.edu/HTML/AsianResources/Mongolia/Mongoliaweb.htm

Mongolia Web Links (Updated 5/10/05) Report Broken Link Lesson Plans Geography Maps ... Home Official Website of the Government Organizations of Mongolia http://www.pmis.gov.mn/indexeng.php Lesson Plans AskAsia: Musuem as Time Capsule, Mongolian Example http://www.askasia.org/teachers/Instructional_Resources/Lesson_Plans/Central_Asia/LP_central_1.htm ProTeacher: Mongolia http://www.proteacher.com/090066.shtml Mongolian Musuem http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/activity/mongolia/index.html The Mongols WebQuest http://www.gananda.k12.ny.us/library/mshslibrary/mongolwq.htm Banknotes of Mongolia http://www.banknotes.com/mn.htm Geography / Culture Sites Lonely Planet: Mongolia, Culture http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/north_east_asia/mongolia/culture.htm Indiana University: Mongolian History, Culture, Images http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/cult.html Mongolia and the UN: Mongolian Culture http://www.un.int/mongolia/culture.htm

56. TRAVEL.com ® RegionalAsiaMongoliaSociety And Culture TRAVEL.com local travel guides, low fares for airline tickets, hotels reservations, car rentals, travel deals, cruises and vacation packages, weather. http://www.travel.com/Regional/Asia/Mongolia/Society_and_Culture/

57. WillGoTo : Mongolia, Culture Mayotte (France) culture. mongolia culture Events (1/0). World heritage (UNESCO) (2/2). Museums (0/0). Music and song Shop (0/0) http://www.willgoto.com/1/028374/liens.aspx

Travel guide and directory Mongolia Mongolia Culture Events World heritage (UNESCO) ... Music and song - Shop Same category in a different destination Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Balearic islands (Spain) Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda (UK) Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia-Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canary islands (Spain) Cape Verde Cayman Islands (UK) Chad Chile China Colombia Congo (Brazzav.) Congo (Kinshasa) Corsica (France) Costa Rica Crete (Greece) Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Rep. Denmark Djibouti Dominican Rep. Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Faroe (Denmark) Fiji Finland France French Guiana (France) French Polynesia (Fr,) Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guadeloupe (France) Guam (USA) Guatemala Guinea Guyana Haiti Hawaii (USA) Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey/ Guernsey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea (south) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Macau (China) Macedonia Madeira (Portugal) Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Man (Isle of) Martinique (France) Mauritania Mexico Moldova Monaco Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia (France) New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palestinia Panama Papua Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico (USA) Qatar Romania Russian Fed.

58. Welcome To Adobe GoLive 5 The Bronx Zoo will present a celebration of Mongolian culture with performances A day celebrating Mongolian culture will be held at the Jacques Marchais http://www.iaed.org/mongolia/

Festival of Mongolia in New York City June About the Festival of Mongolia 2001 The Events ... Mongolian Information and Facts Mongolian Web sites: Mongolian Permanent Mission to the United Nations Festival of Mongolia 2001 The Festival of Mongolia 2001 The Festival of Mongolia events for June/July 2001 will present the traditional nomadic culture of Mongolia in New York City in a series of events for the general public that are free and open to the general public. The Children's Museum of Manhattan will have a Mongolian cultural day for children eight and under. They will learn about Mongolian nomadic life, meet Mongolian children, try on traditional Mongolian costumes, and make a video in the CMOM studio that will transport them to the Mongolian Steppe. The Wildlife Conservation Society will host performances by the Mongolian musicians, dancers, singers and wrestlers at Bronx Zoo and have a presentation on their conservation work in Mongolia. This program will help bring attention to one of the last great expanses of wilderness in Asia and its varied wildlife. The World Financial Center will present performances by the Mongolian music and dance ensemble in its magnificent Winter Garden atrium. Mongolian wrestlers and archers will demonstrate their sports on the outdoor waterside plaza. There will be an exhibition of rare archival photographs drawn from the American Museum of Natural History's expeditions of the 1920's. Also included in the exhibition are images from the Mongolian National Archives depicting Mongolia's political history, and the modern day photographs of nomadic life in Mongolia by photographers, Catherine Ursillo, Ellen Warner, Robert Peck and Heather Mallory.

59. Mongolia Information The unique feature of the Mongolian culture, customs and traditions is its The uniqueness of the culture is reflected in the Mongolian philosophic http://www.iaed.org/mongolia/fom.html

MONGOLIAN INFORMATION - Index Ambassador's Message Introduction to Mongolia Mogolian Facts Message from MACA ... How Mongolia is Perceived by Others Ambassador's Message Welcome to the Mongolia Festival in New York City. As one of the organizers of this event and on behalf of my countrymen and women, I would like to extend to all Festival participants our heartfelt greetings. Our aim in organizing the Mongolia Festival is to bring Mongolia, its people, history and nomadic culture, its spirit and its character, to our friends in America. The idea for a Festival featuring our country was conceived a few years ago when the United Nations General Assembly designated 2001 as the United Nations "Year of Dialogue among Civilizations". We felt that the Mongolian people, one of the foremost representatives of an ancient nomadic tradition, might be able to offer our more industrialized neighbors something unique: a realistic guide for a sustainable lifestyle. Mongols have for centuries combined practical existence with respectful co-existence with Nature and it is no coincidence that one of the first laws concerning environmental protection was adopted in the Middle Ages in Mongolia and is still in force today. Mongols have played a major role in world history. Though known mainly by their conquests which embraced over two thirds of the then- known world, Mongols have made significant contributions to the development of relations between East and West. During the Mongol hegemony, states were carved out of the vast regions of

60. Travel-Directory.org: Destinations/Asia/Mongolia/Society And Culture Travel Resources Destinations Asia mongolia Society and culture. http://www.travel-directory.org/Destinations/Asia/Mongolia/Society_and_Culture/

TRAVEL-HOME ADD A LINK MODIFY A LINK NEW LINKS ... LOGIN Looking for something in particular? the entire directory only this category More search options Home Destinations Asia ... Mongolia : Society and Culture CATEGORIES: History Organizations Religion LINKS: Carleen's Mongolia Home Page Personal web page of a former Peace Corps English teacher at the Foreign Language Institute (FLI), Erdenet, Mongolia. http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/people/carleen/mongolia/mongolia-home.html Rate It Review It Details Center for the Study of Eurasian Nomads Established to promote research on nomadic cultures who lived, or are currently living, in Eurasia, http://www.csen.org/ Rate It Review It Details Cold Mornings Personal account of a Peace Corps volunteer English teacher in rural Mongolia. http://www.peacecorps.gov/story_story.cfm?story_id=391 Rate It Review It Details Festivals and games of Mongolia Introduction to the tsam dance and the nadaam sports event http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/naadam.htm Rate It Review It Details Meat, milk and Mongolia An article about traditional Mongolian food. Including several recipes. http://www.un-mongolia.mn/archives/ger-mag/issue2/food.htm

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