41. Mark Miller Mundy - Submission On Mink This first part of my submission relates to the biology of the mink itself and is outweighed by the benefits of mink control to wildlife in general. http://www.huntinginquiry.gov.uk/evidence/markmillermundy-mink.htm

Back to the List of Submissions menu Back to the Written Evidence Menu Submission on Mink Hunting by Mark Miller Mundy C O N T E N T S To jump straight to a particular question/section click on the question/section number A brief summary of the biology of the American Mink ( Mustela vison The effect of mink upon our native bio-diversity. The control of feral mink in the UK. ... The effects of a ban on hunting with dogs. Dear Lord Burns, Re: The Inquiry into hunting with Dogs. I write in a private capacity, but as co-founder of the Mink Eradication Scheme Hebrides (MESH), a conservation group set up in 1998 to combat the threat of mink in the Western Isles of Scotland. (I am also a member of the Board of the Countryside Alliance.) Though I am aware that the terms of reference for your inquiry do not extend outside England and Wales, I would like to draw your attention to recent research, primarily in Scotland, which may have some relevance to the subject of hunting with dogs that you are now considering. This first part of my submission relates to the biology of the mink itself (which you may already know), the second relates to this research, and the third relates to the issue of its control.

42. Wildlife Trusts, The The wildlife Trusts consider that mink hunting is not an efficient form of mink If trapping is used to control mink, The wildlife Trusts urge that good http://www.huntinginquiry.gov.uk/evidence2/twt2.htm

Back to the List of Submissions Back to the Written Evidence Menu COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY INTO HUNTING WITH DOGS THE WILDLIFE TRUSTS: SECOND STAGE EVIDENCE The Wildlife Trusts are grateful to the Inquiry for the opportunity to submit further evidence based on information received so far. We wish to comment on the following issues: Effectiveness of mink hunting References Countryside Alliance: First and second stage submissions Masters of the Mink Hounds Association: First and second stage submissions First draft of Macdonald et al: Management and control of populations of foxes, deer, hares and mink in England and Wales, and the impact of hunting with dogs (study for this Inquiry) Comment The Countryside Alliance (1999) quotes an average figure of a mink hunt killing 70 mink in a season: this may be over a wide area and on several rivers. The Wildlife Trusts consider that mink hunting is not an efficient form of mink control. A number of studies, including that of Dr. Macdonald for this Inquiry, agree that hunting with dogs is the least effective form of controlling mink. In contrast, controlled and careful trapping of mink can be much more effective. Birks (1981), in a description of localised mink control on the river Teign in Devon, reports trapping and shooting of 119 mink over a 500m stretch of river by one landowner, over a period of 5 years between 1975 and 1980. He compares this with 13 mink found and only 4 mink killed by the hunt on eight visits to the entire river Teign during the same period.

43. Illinois Furbearer Guide: Mink This provides habitat for mink and other wildlife, reduces erosion of streambanksand prevents siltation. (Siltation occurs when soil particles are washed http://dnr.state.il.us/orc/wildlife/furbearers/mink.htm

Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor DNR Links About DNR Agency Offices Get Involved Grant Info ... State Museums Search DNR Illinois [IL Search Tips] Mink - Scientific name Mustela vison Habitat Habits Foods Reproduction ... Conservation Like most members of the weasel family, the mink has a long, slender body and short legs. The tail is about two-fifths as long as the body. Adult males are longer (21 to 24 inches) and heavier (2 to 3 3/4 pounds) than adult females (16 3/4 to 21 inches; 1 1/4 to 1 3/4 pounds). Most wild mink are dark brown except for a white chin and a tail that's tipped with black. Some have one or more irregular white patches on their throats or chests. A mink's ears are short, barely extending above its fur. Domestic mink have been bred selectively for many generations to attain a larger size and wider variety of colors than their wild cousins. Trade names like standard, demi-buff, pearl, sapphire, and gunmetal refer to color strains ranging from jet black to pure white and bluish-gray. Domestic mink occasionally escape into the wild, but few survive. Mink are found in every county in Illinois. They're most abundant in the glacial lakes area of northeastern Illinois, counties bordering the lower Mississippi River, and the southern third of the state. While they still are common, wild mink are less abundant than they were 50 to 100 years ago because of habitat loss caused by development, stream channelization and drainage of wetlands.

44. TWRA Wildlife Division Tennessee wildlife Resources Foundation. Search TWRA. mink. Average size 1936inches in length, including a 6-8 in tail. Average weight 1-3 lbs http://www.state.tn.us/twra/wildlife/mink.html

Home News Upcoming Events Just For Kids ... Contact Us Main content begins below. Online Hunting/ Hunting Hunter Education Classes ... Resources Foundation Search TWRA MINK Average size 19-36 inches in length, including a 6-8 in tail Average weight 1-3 lbs Average 2-6 young born in April- May Young are born blind and helpless, covered in coat of fine, short, silvery-white hair. Den is usually under roots of a tree near water, hole in the bank of a stream, house of muskrats that they have evicted or killed. Weasel like carnivore Eat small mammals, birds, eggs, frogs, crawfish, fish, reptiles and amphibians. Fur is dark chestnut brown with occasional white spots on chin, throat and abdomen. Pelage is soft and dense overlaid with longer, blackish guard hairs Chiefly nocturnal and solitary except when in family groups Excellent swimmer typically found around stream banks and lake shores. Tireless wanderers traveling several miles in search of food. Tennessee.gov Home

45. Species Profile:  The Mink mink are also local residents that spend most of their time near creeks, ponds, Copyright 2000 Messinger Woods wildlife Care Education Center, Inc. http://www.webbedworks.com/messingerwoods/mink.htm

South Vermont Hill Road, Holland, N.Y. www.messingerwoods.org (mustela vision) By Michael Olek It’s amazing how many people do not know that a healthy population of Mink exists in Western New York. Perhaps because, like our local flying squirrels, which are seldom seen, they are nocturnal. Mink are also local residents that spend most of their time near creeks, ponds, rivers and lakes. Mink are reclusive creatures that prefer to live alone. Being somewhat nomadic, they rarely take up residence in any one spot for very long. Mink spend most of their active time bounding along, not too far from a body of water, in search of food. Mink are excellent swimmers. In water, they resemble a scaled down version of their close cousin, the Otter. Creeks and ponds are a Mink's playground as well as a major food source. In water, fish, crayfish and frogs make up a large portion of a Mink’s diet. On land, Mink are as capable a hunter as the Weasel. Mink are carnivorous and will eat rodents, rabbits, birds, and insects. Because of their short legs, they are not capable of outrunning rabbits, or other faster animals. Mink mainly hunt on land by sniffing at crevices, under rocks, or scouting out hollow logs and ground dens, much like a Ferret. Once they pick up the scent of prey, they will pursue their quarry, by nose, for a short distance. Return to the Trail

46. Indiana Division Of Fish And Wildlife Endangered wildlife Maps, Photos and Cool Stuff mink (Mustela vison) areabout the size of a small house cat, but their bodies are considerably more http://www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/publications/lifeseries/mink.htm

@import url(/ender/ender.css); Skip Ender Navigation accessIndiana Agency Listing Policies var dir = location.href.substring(0,location.href.lastIndexOf('www.in.gov/')); var url = location.href.substring(dir.length,location.href.length+1); document.write("Text Only") Contact Webmaster Help document.write(ender); Publications and News Releases INTRODUCTION His face bears the imprint of the long-past winters. Most say he has passed his prime. Although he is beyond middle age, a surgeon would envy his eye for detail and the sureness of his hands. Visions of wet fur glistening under windchilled sunrises continue to quicken his pace, and memories of $40 pelts are fresh in his mind. He is a veteran mink trapper. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Mink (Mustela vison) are about the size of a small house cat, but their bodies are considerably more elongate, and their legs are proportionately much shorter. Males are larger than females. Adult males average about two pounds and are from 24 to 27 inches in length. A few males may reach weights up to 4 pounds. Mature females are from 17 to 21 inches long and usually weigh about 1 1/2 to two pounds. In both sexes, the well-furred tail comprises about one-third of the animal's body length.

47. Mink - Alberta Sustainable Resource Development mink in Alberta. Location Alberta Government Sust. Res. Dev. Fish andwildlife wildlife in Alberta Watchable wildlife Weasel Family mink http://www3.gov.ab.ca/srd/fw/watch/weasel_mink.html

Contact Us Search Location: Alberta Government Sust. Res. Dev. Fish and Wildlife Wildlife in Alberta ... Weasel Family Mink Last Review/Updated: May 31, 2002 Mustela vison The mink is a semi-aquatic weasel. Its diet includes muskrat, fish, ducks and other small birds and rodents. It hunts at night and is seldom seen far from watercourses in the mixedwood, foothill and montane zones. The mink weighs about 1 kg (2.2 lb.) and is 65-75 cm (25-30 in.) in length. It uses musk to mark its territory; although the musk smells worse than that of a skunk, it cannot be sprayed for defense. Mating generally occurs in March and five to six young are born in May, usually in an abandoned muskrat den. Lifestyle Food Relationship Management ... Privacy Statement The user agrees to the terms and conditions set out in the statement. Government of Alberta

48. Mink Have Invaded The Countryside Nature Study how mink have upset the balance of nature by ousting and Animal rights lunatics have decimated the country s wildlife by releasing mink http://www.less-stress.com/info/mink.htm

For the Cheapest Flights on the Internet CLICK HERE Alien Invaders Animal rights lunatics have decimated the country's wildlife by releasing mink My farmer friend was fuming when I met him on the river bank. For six days he had been keeping an eye on a mallard nest but, that very morning, it had been raided and the eggs destroyed. The nest would certainly have been sheltered from heavy rain or snow and safe from flooding but, unfortunately, it provided no protection against the attack of one of nature's most ruthless predators. As Sandy crept up to check the eggs, he disturbed a large dark brown mink which had enjoyed a substantial meal at the duck's expense. Mink, which are related to our weasel and stoat, are recent incomers to many parts of Britain. Originally hailing from North America, many were bred on farms to supply the fur trade. Inevitably some escaped and an even larger number were set free by extremist animal rights protesters. Those animals bred in the wild very successfully and, for the past 30 years, have increased in number and spread throughout our countryside. Much larger than its native cousins, a fully grown mink may measure up to 18 inches with another eight or nine inches of bushy tail. It always lives near water and its diet will often contain waterbirds, frogs, voles and small fish. It hunts by scent and will pursue its prey both by night and by day.

49. 11/05/01 -- Minks From Fur Farms Ravage U.K. Wildlife The potential damage from mink to the environment and tourism is enormous, he On the Uists, the balance of wildlife has remained intact—until now. http://forests.org/archive/europe/mifrfurf.htm

Minks From Fur Farms Ravage U.K. Wildlife November 5, 2001 By Andrew Morgan The raw and beautiful landscape of the treeless Hebridean island of North Uist is host to some of the country's most remarkable wildlife. Thousands of people come each year just to see the bird populations. However, the local economy is now under threat from that vicious invader—the mink. In the Western Isles, it attacks terns and gulls, eating both eggs and chicks. Coot and little grebe are no longer found and there is concern over the loss of corncrake—one of Europe's rarest birds. The mink invading Britain is believed to have been introduced to the country from North America. Until recently, minks were farmed for their fur in Britain. Thousands of the animals were bred in captivity for slaughter so their pelts could be used to make expensive fur clothing. Its effects are so devastating that Britain's biggest eradication program, costing 1.65 million pounds (U.S. $2.5 million), is to begin later this month. And not before time, argue the locals: These ruthless killers are spreading. They have been wreaking havoc on the nearby islands of Harris and Lewis since the 1960s, escapees from the islands' fur farms. Two years ago, mink were found to have swum across the Sound of Harris, island-hopping to North Uist before moving to Benbecula. They may even have reached South Uist.

50. Mink mink are dark brown, slightly more pale beneath, with the tip of the tail nearlyblack. Species List wildlife in Danger Wolf Management Plan http://wildlife.state.co.us/Education/mammalsguide/mink.asp

Personalize Site / Sign up for DOW Insider MINK T M ink live statewide in Colorado but are most abundant in the mountains, near beaver ponds. The beaver pond provides stillwater habitat and an abundance of food: muskrats, nestling waterfowl, frogs, salamanders, fish, beaver kits and insects. On the plains, crayfish may be a staple in season. Mink kill more food than they can eat at once, and excess food is stored, especially in winter. Mink live in burrows, dens of muskrats or tree hollows but are only weak burrowers. B A lthough coyotes, red foxes or great horned owls occasionally kill them, combat with other mink is a greater cause of death than all predators combined. Beyond that, harvest by humans for their beautiful winter fur is the strongest control on numbers of mink over most of their range. Back to "Lions, Ferrets & Bears" Home Page This page last updated 06/30/05 Headlines for Friday, September 23, 2005 Woman Injured by Bear in Colorado Springs Elk Management Meetings for Southwest Colorado Set in Dolores, Redvale Teacher Workshop To Focus on ‘Playas’ Ferrets faring well in northwest Colorado ... Regulations

51. British Wildlife Veterinary Nursing Times Click here to see wildlife articles by Tamsin Joiner The American mink is a member of the weasel family (mustelidae) and a http://www.league.uk.com/cruel_sports/british_wildlife/british_wildlife.htm

var sc_project=292308; var sc_partition=1; About us Contact us Cruel sports - Investigations ... Others Click here to see wildlife articles by Tamsin Joiner Morgan of the League, published in the Veterinary Nusing Times THE RED FOX (VULPES VULPES) The Red Fox is a highly adaptable species, found in a variety of habitats, including urban surroundings. They are the size of a small dog with reddish-oragnge fur and a thick bushy tail in winter. The body length averages 62 - 72 cm and the tail around 40cm. Males can weigh up to 7kg........ click here to learn more about foxes and foxhunting THE RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS) The red deer is the UK's largest native land mammal, standing up to 1.5m at the shoulder and weighing up to 225Kg. If left undisturbed, they can live to 25 years. It is one of only two indigenous species of deer, the other being the much smaller roe deer........ click here to learn more about deer and deer hunting THE BROWN HARE (LEPUS EUROPAEUS) Brown hare were introduced into Britain at least 2,000 years ago. They have colonised cultivated landscapes whilst our native mountain or blue hare is largely confined to upland areas........

52. Pack Of Lies - Mink, Mink Hunting And Otters still support a rich and varied wildlife 30 years after the mink s arrival. The impact of mink on wildlife pales into insignificance alongside the real http://www.league.uk.com/cruel_sports/pack_of_lies/mink_mink_hunting_and_otters.

var sc_project=292308; var sc_partition=1; About us Contact us Cruel sports - Investigations ... Hare Mink, mink hunting and otters Click on the 'lies' listed below to see the facts. MINK HUNTING Lie 47: "It is often asked if disturbance on the river creates a problem for other creatures. This is not so.. the benefit to the river and its wildlife far outweighs any possible question of disturbance." Lie 48: "Mink, which are not native to Britain, wreak havoc on the wildlife of our riverbanks." Lie 49: "It is the hunts that provide the most effective service in reducing the mink population." Lie 50: "Otter hunting has been carried out for 800 years without any decline in the otter population as a result." Lie 47: "It is often asked if disturbance on the river creates a problem for other creatures. This is not so.. the benefit to the river and its wildlife far outweighs any possible question of disturbance." The facts: "We condemn mink hunting as it frequently disturbs otters and otter habitats." The Otter Trust, 19 October 1983. "We are against mink hunting if it might cause disturbance to otters.... If mink do need to be controlled, trapping, so long as it is part of a co-ordinated programme of control and research, is a better method than hunting which is very inefficient." The Royal Society for Nature Conservation, 15 April 1987.

53. Wildlife Skulls Of Texas: Mink Skull mink Skull. Quantity in Basket none Code mink Price $29.00 Shipping Weight1.00 pounds Guarantee / Contact Us. © 1999 2001, wildlife Skulls of Texas. http://www.wildlifeskulls.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=WSOT&

54. Student Assignment. (requirement For Course By Peter Kabai) There are several potential problems associated with mink for native wildlife.For native wildlife, mink may be considered a threat as predators, http://www.behav.org/Student_essay/carnivores/american_mink_Isaksen.htm

Behaviour Server: http://www.behav.org Student essays advice on essay The North American mink - Mustela vison Helle Ruth Isaksen, veterinary student, 1st year The North American mink has been introduced to many countries, among other countries; Norway, for commercial fur production. Mink who have escaped death at Norwegian fur farms have found their place in our ecosystem and have resulted in large breeding populations in the wild. After reading a report about effects of feral mink removal on birds, especially seabirds, I found this subject interesting and wanted to see how the population of mink is in Norway. Is the mink a problem in Norway? What can we do to control the population of mink? I want to see if the minks can have a negative impact on local wildlife and domestic stock. The North American mink, Mustela vison, is a member ofthe family Mustelidae. This carnivore has an elongated body approximately 65 cm long with the tail, and it has short limbs. The mink has the size of a small housecat, the male being heavier then the female. Their weight is 0,5-1 kg. Wild native American mink are uniformly dark brown with a light spot under the chin, but breeding in fur farms has resulted in a wide range of fur colours, and consequently escaped feral mink may vary in colour ffom white, grey or fawn through to black. The fur does not let water through, this is good since the mink live most in the water. They are great swimmers and divers. The mink also live on land. They don't have a natural enemy, and no of the Norwegian carnivores manage to catch the mirik because oftheir intelligence and enormous capability to run fast.

55. EEK! - Critter Corner - The Mink Learn about The mink. Remember to watch wildlife with respect and give themplenty of space, especially the mink and skunk! http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/minks.htm

The Mink Sleek with thick, chocolate brown fur, minks are related to the badger and skunk through the same weasel family. These "cousins" don’t really resemble each other in body shape. The male minks are 23-28 inches long with a 9-inch furry tail trailing behind. They weigh an average of 3 pounds. Females are more petite. They only measure 18-22 inches and aren’t as heavy. Mink’s fur is a rich chocolate-brown. Look for an obvious patch or streak of white on the chin, throat, chest or belly. Their bushy tail can be slightly darker than the body fur color. Have you seen a mink? You could because they live throughout Wisconsin. Mink have small heads with beady black eyes. Their ears look small since they don’t stick out from the head, but they’re actually about aninch long. They also have a pointed muzzle and nose with whiskers that can’t be seen very well. Five partially webbed toes on each foot help them get around in the water as they swim and dive in streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and marshes searching for whatever comes in their path. Mink like to munch on muskrats but they’ll supplement their diet with fish

56. WDNR - Muskrats, Mink And Other Marsh Mammals Lesson Plan Muskrats, mink and Other Marsh Mammals Lesson Plan, Education Center, PublicWildlife Recreation Land in Wisconsin. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/wildlife/reclands/horicon/edcntr/hsmam.htm

Wildlife Management Wildlife Recreation Lands Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area Maps ... Wildlife Damage Education Learning to Hunt Activity Guide Hunter Education Trapper Education Wildlife Fact Sheets ... Horicon Marsh Education Programs Muskrats, Mink and Other Marsh Mammals Lesson Plan Grades: 8 - 12 Length of Program: 45 minutes Time of Year: Year round Preferred Adult/ Student Ratio: 1/10 Summary: Due to their secretive nature, mammals are rarely observed in the wild. By examining mammal pelts, students will learn to identify Wisconsin mammals and explore their life histories, distribution, populations, wildlife survey methods and management. Teacher Preparation: None Academic Standards Addressed: Environmental Education B.12.4 Analyze the factors that determine the number of organisms that can exist in a given area B.12.6 Predict population response to changes in environmental conditions. Special Instructions: None Materials: Mammal pelts Mammal Trunk and pictures (optional) Procedure: Through a classroom-style talk, teach basic identification, life history, adaptations, habitat needs, abundance and state distribution of each species. Include a discussion on mammal survey and monitoring techniques and their relation to wildlife management. Wrap-up: Discuss Wisconsin mammal population changes over time as a result of changes in the environment and human’s perceptions of different species.

57. Wildlife Pests http//dep.state.ct.us/burnatr/wildlife/factshts/raccoon.htm Distribution The mink occurs throughout all of Canada along rivers, creeks, ponds, http://www.pestcontrolcanada.com/wildlife_pests.htm

British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick. Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland A close look at pests PEST CONTROL CANADA Pest Control Solutions for Canadians Directory of Pest Professionals www.PestControlCanada.com The pages on this web site have been viewed 22 million times. We appreciate your visit. Home Page What is this pest? Visit the pest photo identification page. Recent pest questions How to Choo ... ssociations. Canada: CPMA B.C.: SPMA-BC Alberta PMAA Ontario SPMAO Quebec AQGP International NPMA Controlling pests Insects Pest Control Employment ads ... Types of pesticides Pest control supplies for consumers for professionals Rodents Training info for professionals ... professionals Please visit our sponsor's web pages: A-Target Pest Services Surrey/Delta Advanced Pest Control Vancouver All-Pro Pest Control Vancouver Braemar Pest Control Atlantic Canada Cain Pest Control Toronto Cal-Rid Exterminators Calgary Cameron Groupe Quebec Canadian Pest Control Ltd.

58. Government Of Yukon - Department Of Environment - Mink mink.jpg For some mammals, the arrival of winter means rest and sleep in warm, Fish and wildlife Contents. Fish and wildlife Information Fish http://www.environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/mink.html

Advanced Search Contact Us Site Map Fran§ais ... Carnivores > Mink Mink Carnivores Arctic Fox (N/A) Black Bear Cougar (N/A) Coyote Ermine and Least Weasel Fisher Grizzly Bear ... Marten Mink Polar Bear (N/A) Red Fox River Otter Wolverine Wolf (N/A) Mink THE SPECIES: Mustela vison For some mammals, the arrival of winter means rest and sleep in warm, cosy dens or burrows. But the mink continues to lead an active life throughout the cold weather. By travelling in air pockets under the ice of ponds and streams, the mink is able to pursue prey such as fish and muskrats. With its long, lithe body sheathed in thick fur, this solitary creature is suited to an amphibious lifestyle all year long. DISTRIBUTION Mink inhabit forested areas near ponds, streams, and lakes. They are present in valley-bottoms throughout the Yukon, except for the far northern tundra and icefields. Since muskrats comprise a large percentage of their diet, mink are commonly found in areas where muskrats are abundant such as the Old Crow Flats. During its life, a male mink uses many different dens and forages throughout a large territory of up to five square kilometres. His female counterpart ranges in a much smaller area and may only use one or two dens during a year. A male mink may share his territory with a female but never with another male. The mink sprays a strong scent to mark its territory and warn other animals of its domain. CHARACTERISTICS Mink are well adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle. Long guard hairs and soft, thick underfur with an oily sheen serve as a perfect insulation against icy cold waters and severe winters. Short, sturdy legs with slightly webbed paws enable mink to bound quickly on land and swim smoothly through water. Unlike otters, their lungs and eyesight are not designed for underwater hunting. As a result, most mink dives are short and to the point. Mink locate prey from stream banks before plunging into shallow and slow-moving water. They have powerful jaws and long necks that enable them to kill prey instantly and swallow smaller carcasses whole.

59. Incidence Of Mink And River Otter In A Highly Urbanized Area Documents mink and an Otter inhabiting or traversing a residential, Key wordsmink, Mustela vison, River Otter, Lutra canadensis, urban wildlife, http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/mammals/minkottr/minkottr.htm

Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Site Map About ... Web Help Incidence of Mink, Mustela vison , and River Otter, Lutra canadensis , in a Highly Urbanized Area L. David Mech Abstract: Mink ( Mustela vison ) frequently inhabited or traversed a residential, business, and industrial part of the Twin Cities, Minnesota, with little water or natural vegetation. At least one River Otter ( Lutra canadensis ) also resided on a small pond on a golf course in the area for several winter months. Key words: Mink, Mustela vison , River Otter, Lutra canadensis , urban wildlife, Minnesota This resource is based on the following resource (Northern Prairie Publication 1239): Mech, L. David. 2003. Incidence of Mink, Mustela vison , and River Otter, Lutra canadensis , in a highly urbanized area. Canadian Field Naturalist 117(1):115-116. This resource should be cited as: Mech, L. David. 2003. Incidence of Mink, Mustela vison , and River Otter, Lutra canadensis , in a highly urbanized area. Canadian Field Naturalist 117(1):115-116. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/mammals/minkottr/minkottr.htm (Version 12AUG2004). Urban wildlife, including carnivores and raptors, is common. Where large marshes or other extensive waterways exist in cities and suburbs, Muskrats (

60. Alaska Refuges Tetlin - Wildlife (Mink And Weasels) mink are a rich dark or russet brown weasel with a white chin and white spots Many species of mustelids (the weasel family) occur in Alaska but mink are http://alaska.fws.gov/nwr/tetlin/wildlife/mink_weasels.htm

Mink ( Mustela vison Least Weasel ( Mustela rixosa Ermine (Short-tailed Weasel)( Mustela erminea Mink are a rich dark or russet brown weasel with a white chin and white spots on the throat and breast. Their heads are short and they have a pointed muzzle. Male mink usually weigh 2 to 4 pounds and stand 5 to 6 inches tall at the shoulder. Females are roughly half the size of males. Many species of mustelids (the weasel family) occur in Alaska but mink are considerably larger, darker colored, and lack the extensive white found on most weasels. Mink hunt on land and in the water. They prey upon fish snowshoe hare rodents birds , and insects. Breeding usually occurs March thru April with young born in April or May. Litters average five kits and the newborns are only four or five inches long. Their eyes open at five weeks at which they are weaned. Families break up in the summer and mink are solitary until the breeding season. Least Weasel The least weasel is the smallest living carnivore. Least weasels are dark brown with light underparts in the summer. They characteristically turn entirely white in the winter but retain a few black, brown, and white hairs on their tail during all seasons. Least weasels are much smaller than Ermine, averaging 8 to 10 inches long and weighing only three ounces.

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