41. Fort Kearny's Unconventional Army Units Arguably, the Pawnee scouts were the best military unit stationed at Fort Kearny . The federal government, therefore, recruited confederate prisoners of http://bchs.kearney.net/BTales_200502.htm

Volume 28, No. 2 Buffalo County Historical Society March-April, 2005 Fort Kearny's Unconventional Army Units By Kevin Moeller Fort Kearny was operational near present day Kearney, Nebraska from 1848 until 1871. During this short period, soldiers at Fort Kearny played an important role in protecting and supplying overland travelers along the Platte River road. During the Civil War, when the Plains Indians stepped up their attacks on the Great Plains, Fort Kearny and its soldiers played a crucial role in protecting overland emigrants and Nebraska settlers. Although the fort was usually garrisoned by regular troops, a shortage of soldiers during the Civil War forced the military to send many unconventional military units to Fort Kearny, Nebraska volunteer militias, Galvanized Yankees (Confederate prisoners of war), and Indian scout units all called Fort Kearny home at one time or another. The unconventional units stationed at Fort Kearny were paramount in pacifying Nebraska and the Great Plains and opening the doors for settlement. Indian attacks were sparked by the massive migrations of overland travelers that swept across the Nebraska Territory from the late 1840's through the 1860's. As traffic increased along the overland trails, Native Americans became more hostile towards overland travelers. The travelers spread disease, decimated native grasses, and utilized nearly all the timber along the Platte River road, which had detrimental effects on Native Americans and caused the buffalo to disperse. The overland travelers, freight companies, and businessmen who operated road ranches along the Platte River lobbied the federal government to establish forts and a military presence to protect citizens and discourage hostile activities by the local indigenous population.

42. Enlisting In The American (Confederate) Army and Texas incorporate confederate units as part of their national guard history.How military units that, if successful would have broken up the United http://www.rtis.com/touchstone/april2005/p14.html

Home Table of Contents Forum The Touchstone , vol. XV, No. 2, April 2005 Enlisting In The American (Confederate) Army by Ed Sebesta This cultural identification is not without consequences. In a recent January 2005 Washington Post article titled, "Nazi Costumes Prompt VMI Investigation: Africans, Gays Also Parodied," Carol Morello discusses the racist, anti-Semitic, and homophobic photos from a Virginia Military Institute cadet social event that were posted on the Internet. Morello reports that on a "public Web site" that "Another picture shows a man painted black from head to toe, his white skin visible at the edges of a loincloth." [1, 2] The VMI ( http://www.vmi.edu ) with its gray cadet uniforms is thoroughly self-identified as Confederate. However, less colorful, and more ominous is the ongoing attempt since 1997 by some graduates of VMI and The Citadel (angered by the decision of these colleges to admit women) to found the Southern Military Institute (SMI) ( http://www.south-mil-inst.org

43. Black Confederates Although the confederate Congress did not authorize Colored units in the The 1st Louisiana Regiment of Native Guards was a military unit composed of http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/1163/black.html

Black Confederate Soldiers This page is part of The Confederate Infantry Private Website INTRODUCTION INDIVIDUAL AFRICAN-CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS TALES OF COMBAT ... FOOTNOTES FOR THIS PAGE (#) indicate footnote You are the Visitor to this pages. Introduction There were Black Confederate soldiers. This is a fact, not fiction. Conservative estimates state that over 50,000 African-Confederates served in the Confederate Army. Many of these men saw combat and participated in it. Some died. Although the Confederate Congress did not authorize Colored Units in the Confederate Army until 1865, when it was too late, there were many unofficial soldiers overlooked by officers who were desperate to fill the ranks so quickly dwindling. Also, many individual Southern states authorized colored militia units. For example, Alabama in 1862. Some would ask, "Why would they serve; why would they fight?" They served and fought for the same reasons as their white counterparts. They felt that the South was their home, too. Whether slave or free, each had a stake in the society and each had a home they felt endeared to. For example, many Charleston negroes actually cheered at the possibility that they would be able to shoot Yankees shortly after the outbreak of War. African-Confederates not only offered their services as soldiers but also as laborers. Many colored communities took up collections for the Confederate War Effort. Even individual negroes, both free and slave, contributed their money for the Confederate Government.

44. Confederate Army Passes checker test SCV Camp 674 GA CSA military History Passes checkertest confederate Buff Brief History of Three units from N.Carolina (13th Inf. http://r.webring.com/hub?ring=csregiment

45. Military & Pension Records For Union Civil War Veterans study regarding specific military units which participated in the Civil War . Louisiana Archives Index confederate Pension Appilcation Records Index http://www.oz.net/~cyndihow/pensions.htm

By Cyndi Howells This site may be freely linked to but not duplicated in any fashion without my consent. Background and title banner graphics property of Cyndi Howells. Table of Contents My First Success Story Many times the beginning of any part of a genealogist's research will start with a family story. My search for a Union Civil War veteran began with my third great-grandfather, Xerxes Knox . I had a copy of a letter, written by his youngest son in 1963, to my grandmother. In it he stated simply that his father was a Civil War veteran, along with the date of birth and date of death for his father. Not much to go on, but then I hadn't yet found out about the wonderful treasure-trove of information that was waiting for me in a musty-old file in Washington, DC. On a visit to the National Archives branch in Seattle, I had spent the entire day searching for various ancestors and had no luck locating anyone in any of the places they were supposed to be. I had a half-hour to kill before closing and thought I would explore the back room. There was a tall filing cabinet filled with rolls of microfilm called the General Index to Pension Files, 1866 to 1934.

46. Military Records Guide Sheet -- State Historical Society Of Missouri Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union (and confederate) Soldiers Who for tracing activities of military units, and this 128 volume set is indexed. http://www.umsystem.edu/shs/military.html

State Historical Society of Missouri Sources for Military Records While the Society is not an official repository for original military personnel records, it does have many books and rolls of microfilm that include lists of soldiers' names, biographies of military men, and reports of military activities. In addition, the Society has indexes and guides to records kept by other institutions. The Newspaper Library has a card index to subjects and individuals' names which appeared in St. Louis newspapers dated 1808-1828. It can be helpful in locating items concerning early Indian wars and the War of 1812. The Liberty Tribune card index, covering newspapers dated 1843-1869, and the Columbia Missouri Statesman card index 1844-1885, are useful for Mexican War and Civil War research. Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union (and Confederate) Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From Missouri are on microfilm. Both sets of service records have microfilm indexes accessed by surname. These records are duplicates of those in the National Archives, Washington, DC. The Society cannot offer copies of these records. The 1890 Missouri Census Index of Civil War Veterans or Their Widows , a printed index to the special census of 1890 microfilm, is also available. This index contains mostly Union veterans, but some Confederates are also listed. It covers veterans living in all Missouri counties except Daviess, DeKalb, Dodge, Gentry, and Van Buren.

47. Confederate Soldiers And Sailors - Research Primer At All Info AboutGenealogy The other is Compiled Records showing Service of military units in ConfederateOrganizations (microfilm publication M861, 74 rolls). http://genealogy.allinfoabout.com/features/confederate.html

All Info About Genealogy All Info About Genealogy advertise with us contacting us Select Your Language Deutsch Espanol Francois Italiano ... Portugese Topics Site Index Shop For Books With Amazon C Researching Civil War Ancestors By Margaret Smith Published: April 30, 2004. Updated: February 24, 2005 Records Pensions Repositories Confederate Records Civil War Secrets Week - History Channel May 22-May 26. From Sherman's march to the sea to the desperate flight for freedom by escaped slaves, commando raids using new weapons that signaled the dawn of a deadlier era of warfare to the simple basic food and supplies that the everyday soldier needed to survive, Civil War Secrets Week features programming that appeals to both general audiences and Civil War buffs alike, with exciting dramatic reenactments and expert commentary that will enlighten and challenge viewers' preconceived notions of the War. National Memorial Day Concert - PBS The annual concert from the West Lawn of the White House features tributes to those serving in Iraq, the 60th anniversary of Iwo Jima, and a tribute to the late Ossie Davis, former host and a World War II veteran. Airs Sunday, May 29 from 8 to 9:30pm ET Memorial Day TV Specials Near the end of the War of the Rebellion (or "The War of Northern Agression," as it is still called in most parts of the South), Union soldiers were ordered to ship Confederate documents found in Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate States of America's national capitol. Not all were, since other Union soldiers were ordered to burn or destroy Confederate documents, resulting in the loss of thousands of records.

48. Civil War Reseach - Confederate confederate military units Louisiana confederate Pension Applications Database confederate military units. Official Records of the Union and confederate http://dixiememories.com/scv/files/research.html

Sons of Confederate Veterans 2nd South Carolina Regiment Pickens Camp 71 Heritage of Honor "An unquestioned allegiance to the Constitution of these United States" Home 1998 Heritage Battle Scholarship Links ... Contact Camp 71 General Research State Archives Confederate Regimental Histories WBTS Rosters by state - including union General Interest ... Louisiana Confederate Pension Applications Database General Interest Selected Civil War Photographs - Library of Congress Pickens District (South Carolina) War Dead Causes of the war page Documents: party platforms, state documents, peace proposals, speeches, newspaper editorials, statistics. Furman University's 19th Century Documents Poetry and Music of the WBTS Encyclopedia of Civil War Artillery Museum of the Confederacy ... Nathan Bedford Forrest - Dedicated to preserving the memory and reputation of Forrest. Papers of Jefferson Davis On This Day - Excellent quick reference to happenings on a single day in history. Tennessee - State Library and Archives - Historical and Genealogical Information. Young Sanders Center - Center for the study of the WBTS in Louisiana.

49. A Brief History Of The Confederate Flags Johnston, the ranking confederate officer, ordered all military units to use theflags of their states. But only Virginia had supplied her troops with their http://mshistory.k12.ms.us/features/feature2/histconflag.html

Home : A Brief History of the Confederate Flags See also: Flags Over Mississippi The Language of Flags (figure 1) The Stars and Stripes (figure 2) The Stars and Bars (figure 3) Beauregard Battle Flag (figure 4) 40th Mississippi Infantry Regiment Battle Flag A Brief History of the Confederate Flags by David G. Sansing The six southern states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Florida met February 4, 1861, in convention at Montgomery, Alabama, and established the Confederate States of America. They were soon joined by Texas, and after the firing on Fort Sumter on April 12, they were joined by Tennessee, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Virginia. Missouri and Kentucky were prevented from seceding by the presence of federal troops, but both states sent unofficial representatives to the Confederate Congress and both supplied troops to the Confederate Army. The eleven seceding states, plus Missouri and Kentucky, are represented in the constellation of thirteen stars in the Confederate flag. The other two slave states, Maryland and Delaware, did not secede. The first national flag of the Confederate States of America was adopted at the Montgomery convention. After the delegates had established the Confederacy, a special committee was appointed to design a flag and a seal for the new nation.

50. Confederate States Army: Information From Answers.com Some other prominent confederate generals who led significant units operating Elias Cornelius Boudinot military history of the confederate States http://www.answers.com/topic/confederate-states-army

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Confederate States Army Wikipedia Confederate States Army Some Confederate soldiers The Confederate States Army (CSA) was formed in February , to defend the Confederate States of America , which had itself been formed that same year when seven southern states seceded from the United States (with four more to follow). The army was formed around a core of 313 officers who left the United States Army , and had an initial enlistment of 82,000 volunteers. In August of 1861, the Congress of the Confederacy authorized the recruitment of 400,000 men. In April of , The Confederate Congress passed the Conscription Act , which drafted all white men aged 18 to 35. In total, 1,406,180 men enlisted or were drafted into the Confederate States Army. The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers resented it when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam Campaign . As many as 50,000 men deserted during the start of the campaign, claiming that their enlistments were for defense of their homeland, not invasion. After the losses at

51. Georgia Units In The Civil War confederate. Overview of military organization Click here for information onGeorgia soldiers and units that volunteered for Union service http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gaunits.htm

Georgia Units in the Civil War Confederate Overview of military organization Infantry Georgia Volunteer Infantry History of 1st Georgia Regulars Co. C, 1st Regiment Co. H, 2nd Regiment 3rd Regiment History ... Co A, 66 Regiment Miscellaneous Infantry Units Co. A, 8th Georgia Battalion Volunteers Everett Guards Gist's Brigade Harrison's Brigade ... Partisan Ranger Units and Guerrilla Commands Cavalry 4th Georgia Cavalry Co. G, 8th Georgia Cavalry Artillery Campbell's Independent Georgia Seige Artillery Chatham Artillery (History) Guerard's Artillery (History) Jackson Artillery (Houston Co. members) ... 28th Battalion, Georgia Siege Artillery (History) Non-Georgia Units With Georgia Enlistees Co. B, 8th Florida Infantry Regiment (included 75 members from Decatur County, Ga.) Georgia Confederate Rosters/Civil War Profiles by County Houston County Union Generally, you don't think about Georgians fighting for the Union cause during the Civil War, but this did take place in limited cases involving residents living in extreme North Georgia. Click here for information on Georgia soldiers and units that volunteered for Union service Go to Civil War in Georgia page Go to Georgia History page Go to GeorgiaInfo table of contents This page has been accessed times from sites outside the Institute since September 16, 1999.

52. Program Overview History of military units at the University of Virginia Mosby and his partisanrangers were later incorporated into the regular confederate army. http://www.virginia.edu/arotc/Overview/history.htm

Army ROTC at The University of Virginia History of Military Units at the University of Virginia Research by 2LT Brendan Dignan, 2001 Home Overview Cavalier Battalion Curriculum ... US Army In the early days of the University, circa 1820, while Thomas Jefferson was still Rector, a voluntary military company existed. However, it was disbanded some years later on its unwillingness to submit to certain regulations of the faculty, who held a firm grasp over University policy at the time. The dispute was over the issue of weapon keeping. The student-cadets wished to keep arms in their Lawn rooms on the Academical Village . Faculty members refused this request, demanding that weapons be kept in a separate armory. Without a compromise, the company fell idle for some 30 years. Upon the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860, two military companies were again formed at the University, this during the second session of 1860-1861. Students from the Virginia Military Institute traveled to Charlottesville to form and train the companies. Though Virginia had not yet declared itself seceded from the Union, there was and air of trepidation among the primarily southern student body. These two companies consisted of about 100 students each and called themselves the "Southern Guard," and the "Sons of Liberty," an obvious reference to rebellious group led by Samuel Adams prior to the Revolutionary War.

53. Native Americans - Stand Watie A Guide to Cherokee confederate military units, 1861 1865 from Lars Gjertveit;Stand Watie s contributions and Grant and Last Year http://www.nativeamericans.com/StandWatie.htm

Stand Watie Stand Watie was born Dec. 12, 1806, near Rome Georgia, and died Sept. 9, 1871, at his home on Honey Creek in Delaware County, Oklahoma, near the northwest corner of Arkansas. He learned to read and write English at a mission school in Georgia, and occasionally helped write for the Cherokee Phoenix newspaper (after Sequoyah developed the 86-symbol Cherokee syllabary in 1821) with his brother Buck Watie (who took the name of Elias Boudinot from a white benefactor). His father David Watie (or Oowatie) was the brother of Major Ridge, and the Ridge-Watie families became wealthy slave-owning planters in the new Cherokee constitutional republic that replaced tribal government in 1827. The state of Georgia opposed any form of tribal government and in 1828 began to pass repressive anti-Indian laws without any recourse for the Cherokee in state courts. After gold was discovered on Cherokee lands in northern Georgia, 3000 white settlers poached on Indian lands. Only the treaties with the federal government gave Indians protection from the states. The Supreme Court under John Marshall declared the repressive state laws null and void in the 1832 Worcester v. Georgia

54. Confederate Brigade Charter American Civil War Association Current The collective confederate military units of the ACWA shall be referred to as theCSA Brigade or simply, the Brigade. The Brigade shall portray the http://www.voss-serenka.com/ACWA/Confederate/CSACharter.htm

Confederate Brigade Charter American Civil War Association Current as of: 05-29-04 Purpose: To safely and somewhat realistically portray the American Civil War from a Confederate military perspective. Through the process of living history, present persona's of Confederate soldiers' during that era. By doing so, educate others and ourselves, thus gaining an insight as to what it was like to be such an individual from that era. To establish a chain of command to minimize confusion in the operation of our activities. To accomplish this, the simplest approach is to reproduce the rank and file system used by the CS military. To assure that we work together in the spirit of cooperation to attain these goals. General: The collective Confederate military units of the ACWA shall be referred to as "the CSA Brigade" or simply, "the Brigade." The Brigade shall portray the Army of Northern Virginia circa 1861-1865, and shall follow the documented CS regulations of the period. Safety is strictly enforced. Living history and interaction with the public are major priorities. Authenticity is every member's goal. Infantry drill and tactics adhere to manuals of the period, and individual soldier's decorum shall adhere to "Custom's of Service." All Brigade laws are subordinate to ACWA rules.

55. CONFEDERATE ISSUE JACKETS PART 1 The study of American military uniforms has been pursued with increasing 163, 176, 198, 219, and 236, all of which depict early war confederate units. http://www.military-historians.org/company/journal/confederate/confederate-1.htm

THE COMPANY OF MILITARY HISTORIANS A SURVEY OF CONFEDERATE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT QUARTERMASTER ISSUE JACKETS by Leslie D. Jensen Type II Richmond jacket of Private John Blair Royal, 1st Co., Richmond howitzers, showing where a shell hit Royal in the left arm during the Battle of Chancellorsville. The study of American military uniforms has been pursued with increasing sophistication over the past forty-odd years, with the result that today we are light years ahead of our predecessors in nearly every period of our history. One area, however, remains only sparsely covered, and often is so dominated by the mythology of the past that the historical truth is difficult to discern. The question of what type of uniforms the Confederate States of America issued to its troops has been of considerable interest for sometime, but to date little concrete evidence has surfaced that would allow us to differentiate between uniforms issued by the central government, those issued by the states, private or foreign purchases, and home made items. Despite some truly important work by members of the Company and others, we still remain ignorant of much of the inner workings of the Confederacy's supply system and clothing procurement practices. Perhaps, too, we are still too easily lulled by an appealing image of the "ragged rebel," and therefore naively accept the concept of Johnny Reb being supplied indefinitely by the folks at home, conveniently ignoring the fact that no army, however resourceful, wages war very long if it doesn't develop a workable supply system.

56. Did Blacks Typically Serve Slaves were forced into service by confederate military units as civilian laborers,teamsters, cooks, hospital personnel and other noncombat duties, http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/burke_cw.htm

57. Fort Blakeley, Alabama - Scene Of Last Major Battle Of The Civil War I. confederate military units which participated in operations in the vicinityof Mobile, Alabama January 1, 1865 to May 1865 http://www.siteone.com/tourist/blakeley/regimentlist.htm

Union and Confederate Military Units Participating in 1865 Mobile Campaign Approximately 55,000 soldiers marched through Baldwin County during the months of March and April of 1865. The number is considerable as one realizes that there were less than 8,000 inhabitants living in the county in the census of 1860. 10,000 Confederates were stationed throughout the Mobile area, some 2,500 defending the City of Mobile while the rest were found at Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort. The 15th and 16th Confederate Cavalry, and 6th and 8th Alabama Cavalry were off roaming around Baldwin County, scouting the area for the movement of the Union troops. 32,000 Union soldiers marched through the entire length of Baldwin County up the eastern shore while 14,000 Union troops came out of Pensacola, traveled due north, then turned back south in a surprise movement to invest Blakeley. I. Confederate Military Units which participated in operations in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama January 1, 1865 to May 1865: Blue, underlined items in Regimental List are clickable.

58. Battle Of Olustee - The Battle Itself Among the confederate units, the 32nd Georgia lost 164 men and Bonaud s In early March, 1865, the last military operation of any significance in Florida http://extlab1.entnem.ufl.edu/olustee/battle.html

The Battle of Olustee Early in the morning of February 20, 1864, General Seymour's army left Barbers' Station and moved westward towards Lake City. Because of the necessity of posting garrisons at Jacksonville and elsewhere , the Union force consisted of between 5,000 and 5,500 men. The small army was divided into three brigades of infantry, one brigade of mounted troops, and supporting artillery The Federals advanced in three columns along the Lake City and Jacksonville Road, which ran roughly parallel to the Florida Atlantic and Gulf-Central Railroad. The Federal cavalry was in the vanguard, followed by the slower-moving infantry. By mid-day the Federals had reached Sanderson , where they briefly stopped for lunch. While it Sanderson, Seymour and his staff were warned by a defiant southern woman: "'You will come back faster than you go."' The Union officers were amused at her boldness. In the early afternoon of February 20, a few miles west of Sanderson, the advance elements of the Union cavalry began skirmishing with a few southern horsemen that appeared to their front. This skirmishing was maintained for several miles, with the Federals driving the Confederates westward towards the railroad station at Olustee, about ten miles east of Lake City. Southern resistance intensified as the Federals neared Olustee.

59. Broadfoot's Civil War Unit Records Union or confederate military unit is a transcription from that unit smicrofilmed record entitled Compiled Records Showing Service of military units. http://www.soldiersearch.com/unit_record.html

- Civil War Unit Records - Confederate - Union - We Search for Confederate Records CIVIL WAR SOLDIER SEARCH - UNIT RECORDS - Broadfoot Publishing Company 1907 Buena Vista Circle Wilmington, NC 28411-7892 Phone: (910) 686-9591 soldiersearch@ec.rr.com Order securely online CIVIL WAR GENEALOGICAL SEARCHES We Search for Union Records far superior to what I got off the copy machines at the National Archives." - M.V.M., VA UNIT RECORDS - Multiple Unit Records - - View Unit Records Samples - Broadfoot's Unit Record Search T he Unit Records we provide were transcribed from the National Archives microfilm records M594 and M861 and are contained in our publication, the Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies . These records relate to the stations, movements, or activities of each unit, or part of that unit. The detailed and corrected transcripts of the original records and reports tell where each unit was organized and provide accounts of where the soldiers were sent, the battles they participated in, and their trials and tribulations throughout the war. These records include details regarding detachments, scouting expeditions, foraging dispatches, and other small sorties, which can often explain why there are differing locations recorded for the same time-frame of a unit.

60. Civil War Unit Histories: Regimental Histories And Personal Narratives military historians will find the vivid personal accounts of battles and majorcampaigns, Some confederate units never had a formal history published. http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/2upa/Aacw/CivilWarUnitHistories.htm

UPA Publications American Civil War Civil War Research Collections Civil War Unit Histories: Regimental Histories and Personal Narratives Order information CIVIL WAR UNIT HISTORIES: Regimental Histories and Personal Narratives Part 1. The Confederate States of America and Border States 1,937 microfiche with printed guide. ISBN 1-55655-216-5 (fiche) and ISBN 1-55655-257-2 (guide). Microfiche for individual states are available as indicated below. Printed guide is not included. Alabama (84 fiche). Arkansas (13 fiche). Florida (16 fiche). Georgia (150 fiche). Kentucky (155 fiche). Louisiana (94 fiche). Maryland (83 fiche). Mississippi (55 fiche). Missouri (133 fiche). North Carolina (142 fiche). South Carolina (123 fiche). Tennessee (126 fiche). Texas (92 fiche). Virginia (333 fiche). Higher and Independent Commands and Naval Forces (338 fiche). 1,899 microfiche with printed guide. ISBN 1-55655-258-0 (fiche) and ISBN 1-55655-259-9 (guide). Microfiche for individual states are available as indicated below. Printed guide is not included.

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