61. MENAFN - Middle East / North Africa Financial Network Ginnie Mae See government National Mortgage Association; Ginnie Mae passthrough Going into the trade Used in the context of general equities. http://www.menafn.com/Glossary/bfglosg.asp

Home Regional News Global News MENAFN News ... Cart User: Password: Save password New User Select the Region: US MENA Name Symbol Quotes/News Detailed Quotes Earnings Stock Charts Advanced Search Investment Game MENAFN Mobile My Stock Portfolio ... Bookstore AdvimgBanner=40424436; G G Fifth letter of a Nasdaq stock symbol specifying that the issue is the first convertible bond of the company. GA The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GABON. GAAP See: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GB The two-character ISO 3166 country code for UNITED KINGDOM. GBP Pound Sterling currency GBP The ISO 4217 currency code for the United Kingdom Pound. GD The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GRENADA. GDP See: Gross Domestic Product GE The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GEORGIA. GF The two-character ISO 3166 country code for FRENCH GUIANA. GH The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GHANA. GI The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GIBRALTAR. GIC See: Guaranteed Investment Contract GL The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GREENLAND. GNP See: Gross National Product GM The two-character ISO 3166 country code for GAMBIA.

62. MIDDLE EAST CONFLICTS Subject index to books, articles, and government documents on politics and Journal provides numerous articles on middle east issues and current contents http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/arabis.html

Middle East Conflicts Dr. Raymond Tanter Political Science 353 and 498 Compiled by Grace York Frames Index No-Frames Version COURSE SYLLABI 353 Winter 1998 Syllabus 498 Winter 1998 Syllabus BOOKS AND ARTICLES Books Indexes News Periodicals SUBJECT BACKGROUND: Arab-Israeli Conflict Conflict 2000 Conflict 2002 Desert Fox ... Wye Agreement COUNTRY INFORMATION: Background Biographies Economics Human Rights ... Political Parties PRIMARY SOURCES: Europe Middle East United States United Nations RELATED WEB PAGES Iraq War Debate War Against Terrorism TERM PAPERS: Citation Guides Course Information HTML Guides Reference Tools ... Winter 1998 Papers Last updated on April 9, 2004 Official Course Information UMich Only Web Links Available from Campus Ethernet Workstations and via Modem Using 489-2222 Books and Articles Books and Articles [Web and Library] Connect to MIRLYN MCAT lists books within the University of Michigan Library system. Useful subject headings include: Arab CountriesPolitics and Government1945- Islam and State Judaism and State Middle EastPolitics and Government1945- Jewish Arab Relations Persian Gulf War 1991 West Bank Periodical Indexes America: History and Life (UMich Only) Index and abstracts of 2000 journals in U.S. and Canadian history

63. Juan Cole * Informed Comment * History, middle east, South Asia, Religious Studies, War on Terror. He said, What have we ever seen from the central government but death? http://www.juancole.com/

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=3463907"); Informed Comment Thoughts on the Middle East, History, and Religion Juan Cole is Professor of History at the University of Michigan Friday, September 23, 2005 Iraq - A Conversation with Juan Cole My video interview on Iraq with Markinsanfran is up at Daily Kos. I also talk about the Middle East Forum campaign against rational analysis of the Middle East. posted by Juan @ 9/23/2005 04:55:00 PM Sistani urges Support for Constitution And for Iran Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani called Thursday for Iraqis to vote "yes" on the new Iraqi constitution in the referendum on October 15, according to Reuters. (The announcement does not yet appear at sistani.org). For him, the key paragraph is 2A, which insists that no law can be passed by the civil legislature that contravenes "the established laws of Islam." The constitution also foresees at least some clerics being appointed as civil judges and justices of the supreme court. He was less enthusiastic about the document's vision of a loose federalism that would allow provinces to form confederacies on ethnic grounds and keep some oil income at home rather than sending it to the central government. But he seems to have been won over by Abdul Aziz al-Hakim of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, which sees benefits for the Shiites of the south in a loose federalism. Sistani has vast moral authority among Iraqi Shiites, and his support for the constitution may well assure its passage. It can be defeated if 3 provinces vote against it by a 2/3s majority in each. The two provinces with substantial Shiite populations that might show significant opposition to the constitution are Baghdad and Maysan. Sistani's support will make it harder, however, for nationalist Shiites to swing the population against it.

64. MidEast Web - Middle East Conflict And Peace Process Historical Background History and documents related to the middle east and the ArabIsrael on themiddle east Peace Roadmap - The Israeli government accepted the Roadmap for http://www.mideastweb.org/history.htm

home news brief history books ... donations Israel and Palestine: Middle East Historical and Peace Process Source Documents Subscriptions: About U Need JavaScript! U Need JavaScript! U Need JavaScript! e-dialog News and Commentary Highlights See also: Brief History of Israelis and Palestinians A capsule history of Palestine/Israel since early times. Zionism - Definition and Early History Understanding the Middle East I - Finding the Truth Understanding the Middle East II - Words about Words In a nutshell: the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Peace Plans-An Overview The Evolution of the Conflict from Arab-Israeli to Palestinian-Israeli to ... A Brief History of Egypt - A capsule history of Egypt since earliest times. A Brief History of modern Iran - From the Qajars to present day. Inside Al-Qaeda Biography - Mahmoud Abbas (Abu-Mazen) Biography - Yasser Arafat Biography - Shimon Peres ... 2005: Text of Israeli High Court Ruling Regarding the Legality of the Security Fence (note - this document is at Zionism and Israel Information Center) 2005: PM Ariel Sharon's Address before the United Nations - Following completion of the Israeli disengagement plan, Ariel Sharon gave this speech to the UN General Assembly on September 15, 2005. (note - this document is at Zionism and Israel Information Center) 2005: Sasson report on Illegal outposts - Israel report that documented the fact that numerous "outposts" were created in the occupied territories without government approval and in blatant violation of the law.

65. MidEast Web - Middle East Israel - Palestinian Conflict TimeLine Additional information is available in the middle east bibliography and The arms shipment was a violation of UN embargo, but Israel government agreed to http://www.mideastweb.org/timeline.htm

TimeLine of Israeli-Palestinian History and the Conflict home sources brief history bookmark ... links Subscriptions: About U Need JavaScript! U Need JavaScript! U Need JavaScript! e-dialog Timeline of Palestinian Israeli History and the Israel-Arab Conflict Brief History of Israel and Palestine Middle East History Sources Searchable Book Database Middle East Glossary ... Definition and Early History of Zionism MideastWeb Web Site Fairness and Accuracy Policy More history of Israel - Timeline (Chronology) of Zionist and Israeli History These timelines are intended to give you an overview and reference points for major events. Links to historical sources and the brief history will help round out the picture. Additional information is available in the Middle East bibliography and Searchable Book Database Concise Overview of Recent Israeli-Palestinian History Nov 2, 1917 British issued the Balfour Declaration , viewed by Jews and Arabs as promising a “National Home” for the Jews in Palestine. Arab Revolt led by Haj Amin Al-Husseini. Over 5,000 Arabs were killed according to some sources, mostly by British. Several hundred Jews were killed by Arabs. Husseini fled to Iraq and then to Nazi Germany. May 15, 1948

66. WRMEA: U.S. Aid To Israel This may mean that US government has given more federal aid to the average Israeli They were compiled by the Washington Report on middle east Affairs. http://www.wrmea.com/html/us_aid_to_israel.htm

Our Archives 1982-1999 Archives 2000-present June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 Jan/Feb 2004 December 2003 November 2003 October 2003 September 2003 July/August 2003 June 2003 May 2003 April 2003 March 2003 Jan/Feb 2003 December 2002 November 2002 Sept/Oct 2002 August 2002 June/July 2002 May 2002 April 2002 March 2002 Jan/Feb 2002 December 2001 November 2001 October 2001 Aug/Sept 2001 July 2001 May/June 2001 April 2001 March 2001 Jan/Feb 2001 December 2000 Oct/Nov 2000 Aug/Sept 2000 July 2000 June 2000 May 2000 April 2000 March 2000 Jan/Feb 2000 ABOUT WRMEA CONTACT US SUBSCRIBE DONATE ... KEEP TRACK OF AIPAC Search www Search wrmea.com

67. Foreign Affairs - Freedom And Justice In The Modern Middle East - Bernard Lewis Uncharted Journey Promoting Democracy in the middle east general Bonaparteproudly announced that he had come in the name of the French Republic, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20050501faessay84305/bernard-lewis/freedom-and-jus

Advanced Search Freedom and Justice in the Modern Middle East Bernard Lewis From Foreign Affairs May/June 2005 Summary: To speak of dictatorship as being the immemorial way of doing things in the Middle East is simply untrue. It shows ignorance of the Arab past, contempt for the Arab present, and lack of concern for the Arab future. Creating a democratic political and social order in Iraq or elsewhere in the region will not be easy. But it is possible, and there are increasing signs that it has already begun. Bernard Lewis is Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. This essay is adapted from a lecture given on April 29, 2004, as part of the Robert J. Pelosky, Jr., Distinguished Speaker Series at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. Topics: Middle East Social and Cultural Issues Political Systems Helping a Palestinian State Succeed: Key Findings The RAND Palestinian State Study Team. : RAND, 2005. The Arc: A Formal Structure for a Palestinian State Doug Suisman et al.. : RAND, 2005. Building a Successful Palestinian State The RAND Palestinian State Study Team. : RAND, 2005.

68. Briefing Security Council On Middle East, Under-Secretary-General Expresses Conc Briefing Security Council on middle east, UnderSecretary-general Expresses Concern Delivering his monthly briefing on the situation in the middle east, http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/sc8342.html

Home Site Map Contact Us UN Links UN Homepage UNOV Homepage UN News Centre UN Website Locator UN Webcast Latest press releases Advanced Search The United Nations in Vienna Press Releases Issued in Vienna ... Frequently Asked Questions SC/8342 29 March 2005 Delivering his monthly briefing on the situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question, he said that the approved route of the barrier still incorporated a significant percentage of Palestinian land and had a negative effect on the livelihoods of many Palestinians. While Israel had stated that the barrier was a temporary structure to meet security needs, no one could observe its scope and route without being concerned over possible implications for the contiguity of the future Palestinian State. Emphasizing that the Road Map stated clearly that Israel should dismantle outposts and freeze settlement activity, he noted also that the 25 February suicide bombing in Tel Aviv, which had left five Israelis dead and injured more than 50, was a tragic reminder of the fragility of the peace process. The Secretary-General had condemned this attack and had called on the Palestinian Authority to take action against those organizing and perpetrating terror and violence. With regard to the situation in southern Lebanon, he said, the last two months had been relatively calm, though Israeli air violations of the Blue Line had regrettably continued to occur. On 17 March, there was a sudden increase in the number of over-flights when nine air violations, involving 10 jets, were recorded and reported to have covered wide areas of southern Lebanon.

69. Syria�s Withdrawal From Lebanon �Historic Day� For Middle East, S and for the middle east, Terje RoedLarsen, the Secretary-general’s Special Envoy Presenting the Secretary-general’s first semi-annual report on the http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/sc8372.html

Home Site Map Contact Us UN Links UN Homepage UNOV Homepage UN News Centre UN Website Locator UN Webcast Latest press releases Advanced Search The United Nations in Vienna Press Releases Issued in Vienna ... Frequently Asked Questions SC/8372 2 May 2005 Says UN Verification Team Arrived 26 April in Damascus, Describes Steps Taken on Other Aspects of Resolution 1559 (2004) The meeting began at 10:45 a.m. and ended at 11 a.m. Background In order to ensure that such elections can be conducted in a free and credible manner, the Secretary-General says he has been discussing with the Lebanese Government the possibility of extending United Nations technical assistance at its request. He has further encouraged the idea that international governmental and/or non-governmental electoral observers be invited to monitor the elections. He is awaiting a request to this effect from the Lebanese Government. Briefing Summary It was the Lebanese civil war that had led to the deployment of foreign forces on Lebanese territory, he recalled. Now, 30 years later, a full and complete Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon would represent a significant and important step towards drawing a final line under the saddest chapter of Lebanese history. In order to verify the full and complete withdrawal of Syrian forces, the Secretary-General had dispatched a United Nations verification mission, he noted. The mission, which had been established in full agreement with the Governments of Syria and Lebanon, had arrived in Damascus on 26 April. The Secretary-General had asked the two Governments to fully cooperate with the mission and to provide all relevant information and documentation concerning the former deployment of Syrian troops, military assets and intelligence apparatus in Lebanon. Both Governments had assured him that they would assist the mission in its important task. The Secretary-General would forward his conclusions related to the Syrian withdrawal as a supplement to his present report to the Council soon.

70. WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources--Middle East LexicOrient Portal and news site for North Africa and the middle east. information on general law and corporate law relating to the Arab middle east, http://www2.etown.edu/vl/mideast.html

The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources Please select the next resource category that you want. Quick Clicks Menu Home Starter Tips for Internet Research Virtual Libraries Maps News Sources International Radio and Television Journals and Magazines United States Government Nongovernmental Organizations United Nations European Union Other Intergovernmental Organizations Research Institutes Global and Cross-Cultural Issues Western Europe Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East Africa Asia General Resources for All Countries Resources for Selected Countries International Business and Economics International Development Study/Work/Internships/Service Abroad International Communications World Religions Public Health Global Environment Peace/Conflict Resolution/Security International and National Law Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs International and Comparative Education American Foreign Policy French Language Spanish Language German Language General Foreign Languages Middle East Search Engines and Gateways for Country, Language, or Region-Specific Searches

71. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Middle East - Jordan - Government Facts And Figures government and political information for Jordan. World middle east Jordan government (Facts). Jordan government (Facts) http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/jo/Jordan_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Middle East Jordan (Facts) Jordan - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan conventional short form: Jordan local short form: Al Urdun local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah former: Transjordan Government type: constitutional monarchy Capital: 'Amman Administrative divisions: 12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba Independence: 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration) National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May (1946) Constitution: 8 January 1952 Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Prince HUSSEIN (born 1994), son of King ABDALLAH, is first in line to inherit the throne head of government: Prime Minister Faisal al-FAYEZ (since 25 October 2003) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch

72. Syria-Islam And Middle East Provides a example of how Islam fits into the government of Syria. middle EastIntelligence Bulletin Information on Syria and Lebanon unavailable http://www.ou.edu/mideast/country/syria.htm

SITE COUNTRIES SITE CATEGORIES Links on this page: Culture ... Economy Syria CIA World Factbook US State Department Background Notes Library of Congress Country Study World Bank ... Scholarly Articles on Syria Map from CIA World Factbook 200 Additional Links Do you have a link to contribute? Please use this online form to submit your suggestions. Culture Syrian Studies Association Academic organization for the study of Syrian history, culture and politics. Studying Arabic in Syria If you are interested in studying Arabic in Damascus, this is the page for you. It lists all the major institutes and schools in Damascus which teach Arabic to foreigners, their prices and enrollment periods as well as general information on getting situated in Damascus. Get many different Fare Quotes from the best US agents specialized in SYRIA Syria-Net: This site is a great place to find links to other sites dealing with business, agriculture, and other general topics that any tourist or foreign business person might need to know about Syria. Syria After Hafez al-Asad, A Research guide:

73. LII: World Legal Materials - Middle East World Legal Materials from the middle east Iraq Constitution (Interim) government Agencies Trademark Law Patent Law Design Industrial Models http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/world/mideast.html

LAW BY SOURCE: GLOBAL collection home search tell me more donate World Legal Materials from the Middle East Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel ... Regional Institutions For further information see Cornell Law Library's " Foreign and International Law Sources on the Internet Bahrain: Constitution Alternate copy National Charter Government Overview ... Additional Legal Resources Iran: Constitution Alternate copy Government Parliament ... Additional Legal Resources Iraq: Constitution Government Agencies Trademark Law Patent Law ... Draft Constitution by Opposition Groups Israel: Explanation of Absence of a Constitution Constitutional Background and Basic Laws Proclamation of Independence Judiciary ... Peace Process Materials Jordan: Constitution Monarchy King of Jordan Website Government ... Other Links Kuwait: Constitution National Assembly Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Justice ... Government Links Lebanon: Constitution Alternate copy National Reconciliation Charter Taef Agreement ... The Lebanese Legal System Oman: Constitution Ministry of Information Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs Ministry of Commerce and Industry ... Additional Resources Palestinian Authority: Palestinian National Authority President Legislative Council Government Ministries ... Other Links Qatar: Constitution Amiri Diwan Prime Minister Ministry of Foreign Affairs ... Government Overview Saudi Arabia: Constitution Shura Council Majlis Ash-Shura Laws Ministry of Higher Education Page ... Additional Resources Syria:

74. Brandeis University's "objective" Center For Middle East Studies Undermined By I The center will seek to produce a discourse on the middle east as and MajorGeneral, former Coordinator of Israeli government Operations in the http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/1856

Home About Campus Watch Middle East studies in the News ... Middle East Forum Campus Watch in the Media From survey: Brandeis University Brandeis University's "objective" center for Middle East Studies undermined by Israeli and US military connections by Bob Feldman Electronic Intifada April 4, 2005 http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article3740.shtml The Crown family In its 1980 edition, Everybody's Business: An Almanac (by Milton Moskowitz, Michael Katz and Robert Levering) made the following reference to the Crown family of Chicago's history of making money from General Dynamics' weapons manufacturing activity: "General Dynamics, more than any other aerospace company, is dependent on the Pentagon; government defense contracts account for two-thirds of their sales... The power behind the scenes is Henry Crown, a Chicago financier and one of the richest, but least known, men in the country. A group headed by Crown, who was 83 in 1980, owns about 20% of the company. His associates, who sit on the General Dynamics board with him, are his son, Lester Crown, and Chicago industrialist Nathan Cummings, founder of Consolidated Foods... " After Henry Crown's death, General Dynamics sold its F-16 fighter jet production unit and the Crown family reduced its ownership stake in General Dynamics from 20% to 8%. But, according to the General Dynamics web site at

75. BBC NEWS | World | Middle East | How Democratic Is The Middle East? How democratic is the middle east? US President George W Bush has said he The final goal of the political process, officials say, is a government that http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3784765.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Newswatch LANGUAGES Arabic Persian Turkish More Last Updated: Friday, 9 September 2005, 22:00 GMT 23:00 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version How democratic is the Middle East? US President George W Bush has said he will focus on nurturing democracy in the Middle East and north Africa. Some moves have already been made in the region this year to further the spread of democratic ideas. BBC News website looks at the political systems of some key countries in the region. Algeria Multi-party politics was introduced in 1989 but a general election two years later was annulled after it was won by an Islamist party. Since then tens of thousands of people have been killed in a struggle between the military and Islamist militants. In November 1996, with civil war raging throughout the country, Algerian voters opted for a new constitution that granted many new powers to the president. The subsequent presidential election in April 1999 saw Abdelaziz Bouteflika come to power. When six candidates withdrew from the ballot in protest at what they said was electoral fraud, he ran without opposition. In 2004, Mr Bouteflika was re-elected in a landslide victory. Western diplomats in Algiers said the poll appeared to be the fairest since 1989.

76. The EU's Mediterranean & Middle East Policy - News From The General Affairs & Ex The EU s Mediterranean middle east Policy News from the general Affairs Council . middle east Peace Process Gulf Region general Affairs Council http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/med_mideast/intro/gac.htm

en Europa European Commission European Union in the World ... Publications Other items About the GAER Council 23 May 2005: Barcelona Process (item debated) 23 May 2005: Middle East (item debated) 02 November 2004: Relations with the Mediterranean Region (item approved) 11 October 2004: Middle East (item debated) 26 July 2004: Middle East (item debated) 14 June 2004: Mediterranean and the Middle East (item debated) 22 March 2004: Middle East (item debated) 23 February 2004: Middle East Peace Process (item debated) 26 January 2004: Relations with the Mediterranean Region - Presidency Priorities (item approved without debate) 26 January 2004: Middle East Peace Process - Council Conclusions (item debated) 9 December 2003: Middle East (item debated) 17 November 2003: Euro-Mediterranean - Partnership - Preparation of ministerial meetings (Council approved) 17 November 2003: Middle - East (item debated) 13 October 2003: Middle - East Council Conclusions (item debated) 29 September 2003: Middle - East Council Conclusions (item debated) 21 July 2003: EU Special Representative for the Middle East peace process (item approved without debate)

77. CIA - The World Factbook -- Saudi Arabia middle east, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen The government in 1999 announced plans to begin privatizing the electricity http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sa.html

Select a Country or Location World Afghanistan Akrotiri Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dhekelia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

78. The Middle East Forum - DanielPipes.org The middle east Forum, a think tank, works to define and promote American In addition, staff members brief ranking officials of the US government, http://www.danielpipes.org/mef.php

Home Page Articles Weblog Reviews ... this site Search for: 49 readers online now The Middle East Forum The Middle East Forum ( http://www.meforum.org ), a think tank, works to define and promote American interests in the Middle East. Founded in 1990, the Forum became an independent organization in 1994. Information on membership and tax-deductible contributions can be found here "The MEF Mission" The Forum holds that the United States has vital interests in the region; in particular, it believes in strong ties with Israel, Turkey, and other democracies as they emerge; works for human rights throughout the region; seeks a stable supply and a low price of oil; and promotes the peaceful settlement of regional and international disputes. MEF sees the region, with its profusion of dictatorships, radical ideologies, existential conflicts, border disagreements, political violence, and weapons of mass destruction as a major source of problems for the United States. Accordingly, we urge active measures to protect Americans and their foreign allies from these dangers. Toward this end, the Forum seeks to help shape the intellectual climate in which U.S. foreign policy is made by addressing key issues in an accessible way for a sophisticated public.

79. Letter To President Bush On Iraq -- 9/12/2002 Churches for middle east Peace. National Council of the Churches of Christin the USA. Rev. Fahed AbuAkel Moderator, 214th general Assembly http://www.cmep.org/letters/2002Sep12_BushReIraq.htm

Letter Letter to President Bush on Iraq ~September 12, 2002~ September 12, 2002 The Honorable George W. Bush President of the United States of America The White House Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. President: We, like all Americans, kneel in prayer and remembrance for the tragedy and violence that obliterated the lives of so many people one year ago. As American religious leaders, we have sought during this year to listen, to learn, and to grow in our faith and compassion both for persons in our congregations and also for those many outside of our churches. We applaud your leadership in bringing peoples of disparate faiths together to worship, to mourn, and to move on boldly with our lives – in a more caring fashion and with appreciation for the precious gifts of God given to all humankind. Today, however, we write out of concern that those same precious gifts may be damaged by actions being contemplated by our nation. We, leaders of American churches and church-related organizations, are alarmed by recent statements by yourself and others in the Administration about pre-emptive military action against Iraq for the expressed purpose of toppling the regime of Saddam Hussein. Understanding that Mr. Hussein poses a threat to his neighbors and to his own people, we nevertheless believe it is wrong, as well as detrimental to U.S. interests, to take such action.

80. Tips For Travelers To The Middle East And North Africa The US government is opposed to the use of this information to In the hotand dry climates that prevail in the middle east and North Africa, http://travel.state.gov/travel/tips/regional/regional_1175.html

U.S. Department of State Enter Keywords in field and click Go International Travel Home Passports Home Visas Home News and Updates ... About The Bureau of Consular Affairs External URLs International Travel Home Traveling to the Caribbean, Bermuda, Panama, Mexico, or Canada? International Travel Information Travel Warnings ... Tips for Traveling Abroad print email Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa Foreword Travel to the Middle East and North Africa can be a rich and rewarding adventure. Whether you are a novice or an experienced world traveler, we think that this guide will be of assistance to you as you plan a safe and enjoyable trip. Remember: If you encounter serious difficulties in your travels, American consuls at U.S. embassies and consulates abroad are there to help you. If you are planning to stay for a long period of time, or are visiting an area that is experiencing political unrest or other problems, please register at the Consular Section of the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Department of State Publication 10850 Bureau of Consular Affairs August 2001 The information in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. When this material is reproduced, the Department of State would appreciate receiving a copy at:

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