61. 1955-65: Establishment Of General Circulation Modeling forecasting general circulation modeling became a kind of holy grail. In the late 1950s, Yale Mintz of the UCLA Dept. of meteorology also began http://www.aip.org/history/sloan/gcm/1955_65.html

1955-65: Establishment of Atmospheric General Circulation Modeling Early General Circulation Models The General Circulation Research Section (later GFDL) UCLA Dept. of Meteorology Lawrence Livermore Laboratories ... References In the mid-1950s, the weather models used by forecasters were still regional or continental (vs. hemispherical or global) in scale. Calculations for numerical weather prediction were limited to what could be accomplished in a couple of hours on then-primitive digital computers. In addition, the time constraints of analog/digital data conversion and long-distance communication imposed limitations on the scale of operational weather forecasting. Yet for theoretical meteorologists unconcerned with real-time forecasting general circulation modeling became a kind of holy grail. Early General Circulation Models By mid-1955 Norman Phillips had completed a 2-layer, hemispheric, quasi-geostrophic computer model. Despite its primitive nature, Phillips's model is now often regarded as the first AGCM. As computer power grew, the need for simplifying assumptions (such as barotropy and quasi-geostrophy) diminished. Many individuals throughout the developed world, including Phillips, began experiments with primitive equation models in the late 1950s.

62. Resources Meteorology Forecasting Resources about meteorology forecasting Brad Colman (NOAA/NWS) covers boththe philosophical and methodological to weather forecasting in general, http://www.dlese.org/dds/services/examples/ddsws/templates/index.jsp?s=5&slm1=1

63. Division Of Hydroforecasting, Department Of Hydrology, National Institute Of Met , In general management......Head Hydrological forecasting Div., National Institute of meteorology Hydrology Position, Head, forecasting Dept. http://hydro.meteo.bg/en/t1.php?ime=&gr=div/&gn=CV_DobriDimitrov.inc

64. Department Of Environmental Sciences Web Page meteorology general Course Requirements (for students entering Freshman class in 11670433,434, Synoptic Analysis forecasting I and II (3,3) http://www.envsci.rutgers.edu/ugrad_pgms/meteorology/gen_course_req_2002 cs.shtm

65. Department Of Environmental Sciences Web Page meteorology general Course Requirements 2007+ (for students entering Freshmanclass in 11670433,434, Synoptic Analysis forecasting I and II (3,3) http://www.envsci.rutgers.edu/ugrad_pgms/meteorology/gen_course_req_2007 .shtml

66. MET 3003, General Meteorology Registration instructions for “meteorology Now” and the more general informationsite, 19, 28 MAR, Weather forecasting, exam review, Ch. 9 http://www.ihc.fiu.edu/academic_research/courses/hew/met_3003/MET 3003 General M

MET 3003, General Meteorology (Ref # 19359) Florida International University Spring 2005 Instructor: Dr. Hugh Willoughby, MARC 368, 305-348-7096, hugh.willoughby@fiu.edu . Email is a good way to reach me. Time and location: Office Hours: Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday at 1:30-2:30 PM, MARC 368, or by appointment. Prerequisites: MAC 2311 (Calculus I) and PHY 2048 (General Physics) or permission of the instructor. Text: Essentials of Meteorology , by C. Donald Ahrens, 4 th Edition, 2005, IBSN 0-534-42264-0. Supplementary class notes. Course description: A quantitative introduction to the Earth’s atmosphere. Topics include: tropical and midlatitude weather, clouds and convection, solar and infrared radiation, general circulation and climate, and an overview of meteorological dynamics. Course Goals and Objectives: This course is the first in a series designed to constitute a major in Atmospheric Science within FIU Department of Earth Sciences. As such it provides an introduction to the profession of meteorology and a description of the atmosphere for undergraduate students majoring in physical sciences or engineering. We will answer questions like these: What do meteorologists do and how do other professions relate to meteorology?

67. Dept. Of Geography And Meterology Valparaiso University meteorology. 2+4, Cr. 4. An introductory course providing a general overview of Examines current methods of forecasting convective weather systems. http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/met/courses/courses.html

About the Department Department History Faculty and Staff Student Activities VU Storm Intercept Team National Weather Association Chi Epsilon Pi Gamma Theta Upsilon The Weather Current Conditions Quick Weather Weather Data Programs Geography Meteorology Geology American Indian Studies Urban Studies Important Links Valparaiso University About the Program Degree Info Courses ... Weather Data Meteorology Courses 103. Meteorology. 2+4, Cr. 4. An introductory course providing a general overview of atmospheric science with emphasis on midlatitude cyclones and anticyclones, air masses, atmospheric stability, precipitation processes and convection. This course may be used to fulfill four credit hours of the Natural Science component of the General Education Requirements. Prerequisite: MATH 110 or placement higher than MATH 110 on the math placement examination. 215. Climatology.

68. BUBL LINK Catalogue Of Internet Resources 551.5 meteorology general resources of resources and teaching guides coveringmeteorology, weather forecasting and other areas of the geosciences. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/linkbrowse.cfm?menuid=7409

69. Modern Forecasting Technology In Met Éireann The general forecasting Division, operating from the Central Analysis and meteorology is a rapidlydeveloping science, and new forecasting methods are http://www.irishscientist.ie/2000/contents.asp?contentxml=052s.xml&contentxsl=in

70. U Of U General Catalog - METEOROLOGY general circulation and statistical meteorology, hurricanes, lightning, mediumrange weather forecasting, mountain and boundary layer meteorology, http://www.acs.utah.edu/GenCatalog/1038/deptdesc/meteo.html

University of Utah Meteorology METEO Course Descriptions Home Feedback University of Utah General Catalog 2003-2004 April 4, 2003 College of Mines and Earth Sciences Department Office: 819 William C. Browning Building, 581-6136 Mailing Address: 135 S. 1460 E., Rm. 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0110 Web Address: www.met.utah.edu Department Chair, Edward J. Zipser, Ph.D. Faculty Professors. J. Horel, J. Paegle, J.N. Paegle, E. Zipser. Associate Professors. S. Krueger, G. Mace, J. Steenburgh. Assistant Professors. T. Garrett, K. Perry. Research Professors. T. Potter, K. Sassen. Research Assistant Professors. X. Dong, S. Lazarus. Adjunct Professors. R. Errico, A. Kasahara, K. Mo, F. Stenger, K.N. Liou. Assistant Professor - Lecturer. E. Robl. Professor Emeritus. D. Dickson, N. Fukuta, J.E. Geisler. Adviser. Undergraduate Adviser, Jim Steenburgh, 488 INSCC, 581-8727. Meteorology seeks to understand the behavior and predictability of the Earth's atmosphere and requires good foundations in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and computer science. Required undergraduate meteorology courses are combined with courses in other disciplines to develop an academic background that is appropriate for a variety of employment opportunities. Graduate students receive advanced training in meteorology and usually perform research under the direction of a faculty adviser in specialty fields that include climate modeling, cloud physics, dynamic meteorology, numerical weather prediction, large-scale and mesoscale modeling, remote sensing, radiative transfer, and synoptic meteorology.

71. Applied Meteorology Bachelor Of Science At Embry-Riddle In Prescott, Arizona Students must complete both general education courses and Applied meteorologycourses in WX 427 forecasting Techniques 3 WX 490 Dynamic meteorology I 3 http://www.erau.edu/pr/degrees/b-appliedmeteorology.html

Master's Degrees Bachelor's Degrees Non-Degree Programs Minor Courses ... Career Outlook BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED METEOROLOGY Embry-Riddle's Meteorology Degree Program Will Give You the Knowledge and Skills to Succeed in Several Weather-Related Career Tracks Back to the top The Bachelor of Science degree in Applied Meteorology requires successful completion of a minimum of 120 credit hours and can be attained in eight semesters, as outlined below. Students must complete both general education courses and Applied Meteorology courses in order to graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Applied Meteorology. All students entering the Applied Meteorology Program should have completed four years of high school science and mathematics. Proficiency in trigonometry and pre-calculus is essential to enter this program. Students should be prepared to enter Calculus I in their first semester. Students should be aware that several courses in each academic year may have pre- or co-requisites. Check the course descriptions at the back of this catalog before registering for classes to ensure that these requirements are met. In particular, many courses have math prerequisites or co-requisites. Students should plan to begin the required math-calculus sequence as soon as they are eligible. Notice that students completing the Research AOC will be eligible to declare a Minor in Mathematics. In addition, the meteorology (WX) courses in the Junior and Senior years are only offered once a year. Students must adhere to the separate Fall and Spring plan given below for these years. Failure to do this will result in graduation being delayed by one year.

72. Subjective Probability Forecasting Experiments In Meteorology: Some Preliminary Subjective Probability forecasting Experiments in meteorology Some forecasting in meteorology and probability forecasting in general are discussed. http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175/1520-0477(

73. References To General Literature About Satellite Meteorology REFERENCES TO general LITERATURE ABOUT SATELLITE meteorology Application ofsatellite imagery in nowcasting and very short range forecasting; Met. http://www.zamg.ac.at/docu/Manual/SatManu/Basic/Ref/Ref.htm

REFERENCES TO GENERAL LITERATURE ABOUT SATELLITE METEOROLOGY by FMI BADER M. J., FORBES G. S., GRANT J. R., LILLEY R. B. E. and WATERS A. J. (1995): Images in weather forecasting - A practical guide for interpreting satellite and radar imagery; Cambridge University Press. BROWNING K. A., BADER M. J., WATERS J., YOUNG M. V. and MONK G. A. (1987): Application of satellite imagery in nowcasting and very short range forecasting; Met. Mag., Vol. 116, p. 161 - 179 CARLETON, CARPENTER (1989): Satellite climatology of Polar Lows and Broadscale Climatic Associations for the Southern Hemisphere, Int. J. Climatology, 10 (3), 219-246 CARLSON T. N. (1987): Cloud configuration in relation to relative isentropic motion; in: Satellite and radar imagery interpretation, preprints for a workshop on satellite and radar imagery interpretation - Meteorological Office College, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire, England, 20 - 24 July 1987, p. 43 - 61 CLAUD ET AL (1993): Satellite Observations of a Polar Low over the Norwegian Sea by Special Sensor Microwave Imager, Geosat, and TIOS-N Operational Vertical Sounder, J. Geophysical Research, 98, C8, 14487-14506 CONWAY B. J., GERARD L., LABROUSSE J., LILJAS E., SENESI S., SUNDE J. and ZWATZ-MEISE V. (1996): COST78 Meteorology - Nowcasting, a survey of current knowledge, techniques and practice; Phase 1 report; Office for official publications of the European Communities

74. Department Of Geological & Atmospheric Sciences - Meteorology Courses general meteorology I Global distribution of temperature, wind, and atmospheric Synoptic meteorology Current weather forecasting and discussion. http://www.ge-at.iastate.edu/courses/meteorology

@import url(http://www.ge-at.iastate.edu/ploneColumns.css); @import url(http://www.ge-at.iastate.edu/plone.css); @import url(http://www.ge-at.iastate.edu/ploneCustom.css); Skip to content. Small Text Normal Text Large Text Sections Academics Courses Events/Info People ... Field Camp Personal tools You are not logged in Log in Join Navigation Home Academics Alumni Courses meteorology Events/Info Gallery Links News People Research Field Camp News Dr. Gallus talks about predicting rainfall amounts More... Upcoming Events 66th Annual Tri-State Geology Field Conference Iowa State University, Meteorology Courses Meteorology 111 Synoptic Applications: Current weather discussions and introduction to synoptic-scale interpretation of meteorology. Meteorology 201 Introductory Seminar: An overview of the atmospheric sciences, the meteorology program, weather forecasting, and general university procedures. Meteorology 206 Introduction to Meteorology: Basic concepts in meteorology, including atmospheric measurements, radiation, stability, precipitation, winds, fronts, forecasting, and severe weather. Applied topics include global warming, ozone depletion, world climates, weather safety, and atmospheric optics.

75. Meteorology (METEO) WEATHER forecasting AND COMMUNICATIONS OPTION This option prepares students forcareers (Included in ELECTIVES or general EDUCATION course selection) http://www.psu.edu/bulletins/bluebook/major/meteo.htm

76. Class Info, Notes, And Syllabi Index Page A first look at various aspects of meteorology, including solar radiation, globalcirculation, A study of dayto-day weather analysis and forecasting. http://weather.cod.edu/classnotes.html

Class Descriptions, Notes, and Syllabi Earth Science 105 Introduction to Meteorology A first look at various aspects of meteorology, including solar radiation, global circulation, winds, stability, precipitation processes, weather systems, and severe weather. Basic physical principles behind the weather, terminology and weather analysis will be explored. One or two field trips are included. 5 credit hours (4 lecture hours, 2 lab hours) Syllabus (P. Sirvatka) Syllabus (K. Schulze-Mon/Wed) Syllabus (K. Schulze-Tue/Thu) Class notes ... Classnotes Earth Science 155 Weather Forecasting I A study of day-to-day weather analysis and forecasting. Taking advantage of a fully operational weather laboratory, students examine real time weather data and make a weather forecast. Surface and radar reports, surface and upper-level analyses, and an introduction to numerical weather prediction are the topics covered. 1 credit hour (2 lab hours) Syllabus Classnotes Earth Science 156 Weather Forecasting II A continuing study of day-to-day weather analysis and forecasting. Taking advantage of a fully operational weather laboratory, students examine real-time weather data and make a weather forecast. Numerical models, quantitative precipitation forecasts, and the McIDAS computer program for data analysis are explored. Prerequisite: Earth Science 155.

77. Climate Glossary - El Nino forecasting wheat yields in Australia with the Southern Oscillation Index National Meteorological Library (Australian Bureau of meteorology) http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/glossary/elnino.shtml

Home About Us Contacts Help ... Feedback SEARCH Global Australia NSW Vic. ... Climate Glossary translates from Spanish as 'the boy-child'. Peruvian fisherman originally used the term - a reference to the Christ child - to describe the appearance, around Christmas, of a warm ocean current off the South American coast. Warmer than normal ocean temperatures across the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Increased convection or cloudiness in the central tropical Pacific Ocean - the focus of convection migrates from the Australian/Indonesian region eastward towards the central tropical Pacific Ocean. Weaker than normal (easterly) trade winds Low (negative) values of the SOI (Southern Oscillation Index). See also References Related sites Allan R., Lindesay J. and Parker D. To order please contact: CSIRO Publishing Teleconnections and Health Nicholls, N. M.H.Glantz, R.W.Katz and N.Nicholls (Editors), Teleconnections linking worldwide climate anomalies Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991, pp493-510. O'Neill, G.

78. David Baron's General Weather Links Lists wgL; Weather Machines (general Data Servers) wgM; Newsgroups wgN;Reference wgR meteorology Guide very good on many topics http://dbaron.org/links/WGeneral.html

General Weather Lists [wgL] Weather Machines (General Data Servers) [wgM] Newsgroups [wgN] Reference [wgR] International [wgi] Miscellaneous Sites [wgm] [wgs] [wgt] Hurricane Intensity [wgti] [wgu] Severe [wgv] Commercial Services [wgz] Meteorology Guide - very good on many topics Lists WWW Virtual Library: Meteorology Weather and Climate Resources Wetter, Wolken, Klima (2) Wetter, Wolken, Klima ... Welcome to Weather Central @ wotn.net! - bad link? Yahoo - Environment and Nature:Weather Meteorology Virtual Library of Hampton Roads John's Monster Hotlist ... A list of Weather Servers (at WXP) Weather Machines (General Data Servers) The Weather Channel Brasil - Tempo para o Brasil e o Mundo, The Weather Channel Brasil El Canal del Tiempo - The Weather Channel in Spanish EarthWatch Communications, Inc. Yahoo Weather Images - satellite, forecast, and radar) Penn State University Weather Pages ucar FTP Server wgopher Gopher Server unidata Gopher Server ... UCAR Real Time Weather Page - still exists? The Weather Visualizer Direct Link Nice Text Version of the Weather Visiualizer OSU WWW Server ... MSU Current Weather Maps/Movies - formerly a major site - left a nice message when it left coweather Telnet (weather.colorado.edu)

79. WCSU Undergraduate Catalog - Arts & Sciences, Physics, Astronomy And Meteorology The goal of the physics, astronomy and meteorology department is to provide students to pursue careers in broadcast meteorology and weather forecasting. http://www.wcsu.edu/catalogs/undergraduate/sas/programs/pam.asp

Text-only Undergraduate Catalog Table of Contents Ancell School of Business ... School of Professional Studies Dennis Dawson, Chair dawsond@wcsu.edu Higgins Hall 220, Midtown Campus (203) 837-8320 (fax) Alicia Jensen, Department Secretary jensena@wcsu.edu Higgins Hall 208, Midtown Campus (203) 837-8320 (fax) Faculty D. Dawson, Chair J. Boyle A.Chance R. Eisenson A. Owino Overview The goal of the physics, astronomy and meteorology department is to provide students the opportunity to understand the physical laws governing the universe. The fundamental relationships between energy and matter are studied, from the age of the ancient scientists through the era of Einstein and up to the present day. Applications are made to the fields of astronomy, electronics, engineering, meteorology and to the many branches of physics, from classical mechanics to quantum nuclear physics. In addition to experiencing practical applications of the laws of nature, students develop an understanding of the role of science and technology in contemporary society. Mission Consistent with the University's mission to serve as an accessible, responsive, and creative intellectual resource for the people and institutions of Connecticut, the Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Meteorology endeavors to provide students with a complete and current education in the principles and applications of physics, astronomy and meteorology, in ways that accommodate the students' backgrounds and career objectives.

80. National Weather Association Aviation Weather Committee Main Page The Office of the Federal Coordinator for meteorology (OFCM) recently held a METED Distance Learning Aviation Course on forecasting Fog and Stratus Now http://www.nwas.org/committees/avn-wea.html

HOT TOPICS NTSB Wants Better Weather Training For GA Pilots "The NTSB yesterday asked the FAA to help improve the GA safety record for weather-related accidents by requiring that all pilots who don't receive weather-related recurrent training address weather issues during the biennial flight review. The BFR should check that pilots can recognize critical weather situations, procure and use aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, determine fuel requirements, and plan for alternatives, the NTSB said." Read AvWeb's article for more information. Aviation Weather Center Issuing Significant Weather Forecasts in New Format From the top news at the Aviation Weather Center web site: "As of 30 June 2005, the NWS Aviation Weather Center has begun issuing Significant Weather forecast information (SIGWX) in BUFR format. Please see Technical Implementation Notice 05-17 for details." Read the June Issue of "The Front" In the June issue of "The Front": .U.S. Aviation Weather-Related Crashes and Fatalities in 2004 Operational Use of NWS Aviation Products Record Wind Gust Damages at Raleigh Durham Airport The current issue of "The Front" can be found at: http://aviationweather.gov/general/pubs/front/docs/jun-05.pdf

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