41. St. Louis Student May Have Meningitis CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/12/17/suspected.meningitis.ap/index.html

42. National Meningitis Association > About Meningitis A nonprofit organization founded by parents to educate parents, students, health professionals and public policy makers about the dangers of meningococcal http://www.nmaus.org/about_meningitis/

About Meningitis Is It Viral or Bacterial? Meningitis is difficult to recognize, understand and diagnose. It is often called spinal meningitis, bacterial meningitis or viral meningitis. Essentially, there are two major divisions of meningitis viral (caused by a virus) and bacterial (caused by one of several types and strains of bacteria residing in the throat or nasal passages). The bacterial form of meningitis is extremely dangerous, fast-moving and has the most potential for being fatal. For many survivors, the long-term effects can be debilitating, possibly including multiple amputations, hearing loss and kidney damage. Many (but not all) forms of bacterial meningitis can be prevented by vaccination. Viral meningitis has similar symptoms to bacterial meningitis, but is neither as deadly nor as debilitating for the most part. There is no vaccine protection against viral meningitis; it is most often treated with an antibiotic. Major Bacterial Types There are many forms and types of bacteria which cause meningitis, but NMA focuses particularly on meningococcal meningitis because it is deadly, preventable and very few people, including doctors, are fully informed about methods of prevention against the disease.

43. CNN.com - Health - Meningitis Outbreak In Houston Sickens 33, Kills Two - Januar CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/01/22/menigitis.02/index.html

health MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Meningitis outbreak in Houston sickens 33, kills two By Rhonda Rowland CNN Medical Correspondent HOUSTON, Texas (CNN) There have been 33 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis in the Houston area since October, Texas health officials said Monday. Both children and adults developed the infection and two youngsters, a boy and a girl, died. Seventeen cases were among people living in the city of Houston. Other cases were detected in suburban areas including Montgomery County, which is north Houston, and Fort Bend County, which is southwest of the city. A 12-year-old girl died in November and a 13-year-old boy died in January. Health officials said that while the number of cases is significant, it's a small fraction of the area's 4 1/2 million people. "Since the area has a few cases in small areas within the city, it's considered an outbreak," said Dr. Peter Dull, medical epidemiologist with the Infectious Diseases branch of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.

44. CNN.com - Partygoers Warned After One Gets Meningitis - August 24, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/08/24/bc.raveparty.meningitis.ap/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Partygoers warned after one gets meningitis LANSING, Michigan (AP) As many as 1,000 people who attended a "rave" where partygoers supposedly shared a pacifier dipped in the drug ecstasy are being urged to see a doctor because one of them has been diagnosed with meningitis. The woman, whose name and age were not released, attended the party near Hoags Lakes last weekend, the state Department of Community Health said Thursday.

45. Medinfo: Meningitis C Vaccination Medinfo s patient information on vaccination against meningitis C. This is available as the new meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. http://www.medinfo.co.uk/immunisations/meningitisc.html

Medical information for patients index search health books site map Meningitis C Vaccination Meningitis C vaccination is available as the new meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (MenC). The UK regime is for each infant to receive a dose of MenC at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. There has also been a campaign to immunise older children. Any young people who have not had the vaccine should have MenC innocculation prior to starting at college or university. The Vaccine The vaccine is made from the sugar coat of the germs (meningococcal bacteria) which can cause a type of meningitis . The sugar (polysaccharide) is "glued" to (conjugated with) a protein, and when injected it can lead to the development of immunity to Meningitis C from 2 months of age. The idea is to fool the body's defence system into thinking it is under attack by Meningitis C, and to produce defence mechanisms (antibodies) which will fight off Meningitis C if it is encountered in the future. The vaccine is given, by injection, into the upper arm, thigh or buttock, and became part of the routine immunisation schedule in UK from Autumn 1999. It is given to infants at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. There was a catching up exercise for the older children. Adults and children over one year of age only need one injection.

46. CNN - Meningitis Vaccines Considered For College Students - October 20, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/US/9910/20/college.meningitis/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page Meningitis vaccines considered for college students Bozof died within a month of contracting bacterial meningitis October 20, 1999 Web posted at: 12:39 p.m. EDT (1639 GMT) In this story: College health group recommends meningitis shots Students in dorms much more likely to get the illness Two causes of meningitis RELATED STORIES, SITES From CNN Medical Correspondent Rhonda Rowland ATLANTA (CNN) Evan Bozof was an active 20-year-old college junior at Georgia Southwestern State University at Americus, Georgia. He was an honors student in the pre-med program and a starting pitcher on the baseball team. Then, in March of 1998, Bozof contracted bacterial meningitis, an infection of the fluid around the spinal cord and brain that causes flu-like symptoms, including high fever, headache and stiff neck. It's sometimes called spinal meningitis.

47. Meningococcal Meningitis FAQs http://www.acha.org/projects_programs/men.cfm

ACHA supports the new recommendation issued by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), which states that those who provide medical care to college freshmen dormitory residents, should inform students and parents about meningococcal disease and the benefits of vaccination, and provide access to the vaccine for those who wish to reduce their risk of disease. Overview of the Disease Frequently Asked Questions Update on MMR Vaccine Availability News Releases: New ACIP Decision is Consistent with ACHA’s Recommendation to Educate Parents and Students About the Disease and Provide Access to Safe, Effective Vaccine College Freshmen Living in Dormitories are at Increased Risk for Meningococcal Disease Compared with Other College Students This section was developed to provide background information about meningococcal disease to parents, public health employees, practicing physicians, and members of the media. Recommendations: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has published a new policy statement, "Meningococcal Disease Prevention and Control Strategies for Practice-Based Physicians (Addendum: Recommendations for College Students)." Published December 2000, the AAP statement recognizes ACHA's recommendation for immunization of college students. The statement can be accessed at the

48. Angola Briefing Note The main public health threat is epidemics, particularly malaria, diarrhea disease and meningitis; and malnutrition is a longterm consequence of food shortfall. http://www.who.int/eha/emergenc/angola/031198.htm

49. ACHA - Meningitis On Campus http://www.acha.org/projects_programs/meningitis/index.cfm

Meningitis on Campus Archive of Webcast from April 27 Communications Support Welcome to the Meningitis on Campus web page. This page is provided by the American College Health Association to assist you with materials and information on meningococcal meningitis that you may use in response to a case of meningitis on campus or for general disease awareness activities. The American College Health Association supports the meningococcal vaccination recommendation issued by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This recommendation states that all incoming college freshman living in dormitories (or residence halls) receive the conjugate meningococcal vaccine that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ACHA's meningococcal disease awareness efforts are made possible through an unrestricted educational grant from sanofi pasteur. top American College Health Association Home Members Only

50. Seasonal Meningitis Kills At Least 12 In Niger CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/02/04/health.niger.meningitis.reut/index.html

51. The National Meningitis Trust Of New Zealand The National meningitis Trust of New Zealand aim to increase awareness, support research into meningitis and support people and family affected by http://www.meningitis.org.nz/

Blue Lips - 13 Sep 2005 - Meningitis Trust of New Zealand with the Blue Lips logo was the first About the Trust Find out about the history of the National Meningitis Trust of NZ, it's members and supporters... About the Disease For information about the disease including multi-lingual fact sheets and New Zealand national disease surveillance data... How you can help Discover how you can help the Trust fight this disease, through sponsorship and donations, or by joining our mailing list... Messiah Ltd. Login

52. Burkina Faso Meningitis Toll Mounts, 567 Dead CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/africa/03/16/health.burkina.meningitis.reut/index.html

53. Meningitis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Inferior view of a brain with meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae. In meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia, a petechial rash may appear. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

Meningitis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Meningitis Inferior view of a brain with meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Source: CDC Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes ( meninges ) covering the brain and the spinal cord . Although the most common causes are infection ( bacterial viral fungal or parasitic ), chemical agents and even tumor cells may cause meningitis. Encephalitis and brain abscess can complicate infective meningitis. Contents Features Diagnosis Pathology Causative organisms ... edit Features The classical symptoms of meningitis are headache neck stiffness and photophobia (the trio are called " meningism "). Fever and chills are often present, along with myalgia . An altered state of consciousness or other neurological deficits may be present depending on the severity of the disease. In meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia, a petechial rash may appear. A lumbar puncture to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is usually indicated to determine the cause and direct appropriate treatment. Convulsions are a known complication of meningitis and are treated with appropriate anti-seizure drugs such as phenytoin edit Diagnosis Most important in the diagnosis of meningitis is examination of the cerebrospinal fluid . A lumbar puncture should be performed promptly whenever the diagnosis of meningitis is suspected. The opening pressure is recorded and the cerebrospinal fluid sample is taken for microscopic examination (

54. Prevnar, A Vaccine For Infants, Prevents Certain Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases. Information about Prevnar, a vaccine for infants and toddlers that helps prevent invasive diseases caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause bacterial meningitis, blood infections, and other invasive diseases. From WyethAyerst Laboratories. http://www.prevnar.com

Click here to enter Click here to enter Click here Click here Click here The contents of this Web site are intended for access and use by residents of the United States. Philadelphia, PA 19101 May 2003 / 103460-01

55. EMedicine - West Nile Encephalitis : Article By Burke A Cunha, MD Infectious disease expert reviews clinical and laboratory data associated with the West Nile virus infection. Includes guidelines on diagnosis, encephalitis and meningitis treatment, and patient care. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3160.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases West Nile Encephalitis Last Updated: December 3, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: WNE, West Nile virus, viral encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, WEE, eastern equine encephalitis, EEE, Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan encephalitis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Burke A Cunha, MD , Professor of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Vice-Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital Burke A Cunha, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians American College of Physicians , and Infectious Diseases Society of America Editor(s): Wesley W Emmons, MD, FACP

56. CNN.com - Free Meningitis Inoculations Offered In Chicago - Oct. 20, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/10/20/chicago.vaccine.ap/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Free meningitis inoculations offered in Chicago Story Tools YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Follow the news that matters to you. Create your own alert to be notified on topics you're interested in. Or, visit Popular Alerts for suggestions. Manage alerts What is this? CHICAGO, Illinois (AP) The Chicago Department of Health is offering free inoculations against bacterial meningitis to gay men on the city's North Side in response to a meningitis outbreak that has killed three people. Dr. John Wilhelm, the city's health commissioner, said laboratory test results confirmed Sunday that four of six meningitis cases reported so far were from a bacterial strain for which there is an effective vaccine. Wilhelm said the disease is not tied to sexual orientation, but the recent cluster of cases appears to be centered among gay or bisexual men who have had close personal contact since October 1. Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection that can be rapidly fatal if not treated with antibiotics. It is spread by direct contact with an infected person. The health department ordered 7,500 doses of the vaccine, at a cost of $50 per dose, officials said. The department, which began vaccinating people Sunday evening, had administered 1,888 inoculations by Monday afternoon, said department spokesman Tim Hadac. The inoculations will continue through the week.

57. The Meningitis Centre meningitis Centre, meningitis Centre, meningitis Centre. The meningitis Centre Australia’s highly regarded national meningitis organization has been http://www.meningitis.com.au/

Meningococcal cases plummet thanks to universal vaccination Read more... Meningitis study aims for fewer needles Read more... Newsletter April 2005 Read more... The Meningitis Centre : Australia’s highly regarded national meningitis organization has been working with the community since 1992 to help protect families from meningitis and to support those affected by the disease. By making all parents aware of the symptoms and the need to immunise their children, we believe the present impact of meningitis on the nation can be dramatically reduced. This is a vision we share with our foundation partner, the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research.

58. Cochlear Implants Linked To Meningitis Risk CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/parenting/07/31/cochlear.implant.ap/index.html

59. WHO | Meningitis Paediatric bacterial meningitis surveillance network (African Region). FACT SHEETS Immunization surveillance, assessment and monitoring meningitis http://www.who.int/topics/meningitis/en/

Home About WHO Countries Health topics ... Health topics Meningitis This page provides links to descriptions of activities, reports, news and events, as well as contacts and cooperating partners in the various WHO programmes and offices working on this topic. Also shown are links to related web sites and topics. MeSH scope note: Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage ( HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (e.g., carcinomatous meningitis), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) RELATED SITES Paediatric bacterial meningitis surveillance network (African Region) FACT SHEETS Meningococcal meningitis RELATED LINKS Vaccine research: meningitis N. meningitidis Disease outbreak news Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response (CSR): diseases covered ... Immunization surveillance, assessment and monitoring: meningitis DONATE Make every mother and child count DISEASE OUTBREAKS Cholera West Africa - update Full text Avian influenza Indonesia – update 31 Full text Disease outbreak news EMERGENCIES Hurricane Katrina Crisis coverage Niger Crisis coverage Health action in crises GENERAL WHO INFORMATION Media centre News, events, fact sheets, contacts, and multimedia.

60. CNN - Dorm Residents Risk Bacterial Meningitis - May 25, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9905/25/college.meningitis/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page Dorm residents risk bacterial meningitis May 25, 1999 Web posted at: 4:15 p.m. EDT (1944 GMT) (CNN) College students who live on campus are three times more likely than those who live off campus to contract a specific type of bacterial meningitis, according to a study in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The study evaluated cases of meningococcal infection, a major cause of bacterial meningitis, at colleges in Maryland from January 1992 through December 1997. In the five-year period, 14 students developed the meningococcal infection. One-third died from it. Although meningitis is rare, it seems to be increasing in this age group.

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