21. Sierra Leone Background Notes, Country Background , Sierra Leone Country Backgro Travel Vacations In africa Next Listing Languages English, Krio, Temne,mende, and 15 other indigenous languages. Education (2000) Literacy30%. http://www.realadventures.com/listings/1024734.htm

var zflag_nid="355"; var zflag_cid="132"; var zflag_sid="12"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; document.write(HeaderLogo); Plan An Incredible Vacation Today! Top Searches Travel Newsletter Info Past Issues document.write(HeaderMenu); Home Sierra Leone Country-Wide Country Background Sierra Leone Background Notes US State Department's Background Notes on Sierra Leone More Info Report Listing Please let us know if this listing is missing information, misleading, in the wrong category/destination or offensive. Similar Listings U.S. Department of State, January 2002 Background Note: Sierra Leone PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Sierra Leone Geography Area: 72,325 sq. km. (29,925 sq. mi.); slightly smaller than South Carolina. Cities: CapitalFreetown (est. 550,000). Provincial Capitals: Southern Province,Bo; Eastern Province, Kenema; Northern Province, Makeni. Terrain: Three areasmangrove swamps and beaches along the coast, wooded hills along the immediate interior, and a mountainous plateau in the interior.

22. Global Mappings: Adelaide Smith Casely Hayford effort to relate to the mende, Temne, and other indigenous peoples in Freetown Image from An African Victorian Feminist , by Adelaide M. Cromwell. http://diaspora.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/DiasporaX.woa/wa/displayArticle

23. Africa English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars English, mende,Temne , Krio (Englishbased Creole). South africa. Pretoria http://members.tripod.com/the_english_dept/africa.html

THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT English Speaking Countries in Africa North America Central America and the Caribbean South America ... Australia and Oceania Go to Home Site Map School Students Teachers Epals Brazil English Speaking Countries Personal Page This site belongs to Barbara Dieu EFL teacher and coordinator of the Foreign Language Department Lycée Pasteur, Curso Experimental Bilingue São Paulo, Brazil homebase for This is Our Time Project (French and Portuguese Speaking Countries) Last updated domingo 21 abril, 2002 19:12 [back to the top] Thanks to Mooney's Mini Flags Country Capital Language Botswana Gaborone English, Setswana Cameroon Yaonde English, French + 24 major African language groups The Gambia Banjul English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Ghana Accra English, African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Kenya Nairobi English , Kiswahili , numerous indigenous languages

24. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Sierra Leone - People PEOPLE The indigenous population is made up of 18 ethnic groups. The Temne inthe north and the mende in the South are the largest. About 60000 are Krio, http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/sl/Sierra_Leone_people_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Sierra Leone (Notes) Sierra Leone - People (Notes) PEOPLE The indigenous population is made up of 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the South are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain and North America and slave ships captured on the high seas. In addition, about 4,000 Lebanese, 500 Indians, and 2,000 Europeans reside in the country. In the past, Sierra Leoneans were noted for their educational achievements, trading activity, entrepreneurial skills, and arts and crafts work, particularly woodcarving. Many are part of larger ethnic networks extending into several countries, which link West African states in the area. However, the level of education and infrastructure has declined sharply over the last 30 years. Facts at a Glance: Geography People Government Economy ... Ranking Positions Notes and Commentary: People Economy Government and Political Conditions Historical Highlights Foreign Relations ... Relations with U.S.

25. Resources / Land RAINFOREST RELATIONS GENDER AND RESOURCE USE AMONG THE mende OF GOLA, between indigenous peoples and States concerning indigenous land issues, http://www.earthsummit2002.org/wcaucus/Resources/land/land.htm

Caucus HomePage Site Map Introduction Schedule of Meetings ... Resources Land Sustainable Agriculture Forests Indigenous Peoples Freshwater ... CSD NGO Steering Committee CSD NGO Women's Caucus Resources: Land Resources We are constantly gathering useful resources, references, networking information, etc. Please let us know which other references should be included! Reports, Books, Articles Web-Sites Discussion Groups Reports, Books, Articles RAINFOREST RELATIONS: GENDER AND RESOURCE USE AMONG THE MENDE OF GOLA, SIERRA LEONE Melissa Leach Edinburgh University Press 1994 272pp ISBN 7486 0493 6 £39.50 hardback - International African Library 13. Published in association with the International African This book brings forest dwellers' own differentiated perspectives to current rainforest debates. After reviewing changing conservation agendas, and gender and environment approaches, it draws on detailed fieldwork to examine the importance of forest resources to local economy and society, and how dynamic gender relations condition women's and men's different environmental relations. It shows that neither an understanding of forest use and change, nor adequate conservation policies, can be achieved without a concern for gender. This book can also be ordered online from amazon.com at the following url:

26. African: Videotape And Audiocassette: Media Resources Center, UC Berkeley by occupying countries, and explores the poverty of indigenous peoples. Documentary on the life and customs of the mende, West African people of the http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/AfricanVid2.html

Contents - this page: Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi ... Audiotapes Contents - previous page: General/Overviews Angola Benin Burkina Faso ... Films and Documents About Women in Africa (via UCB African American Studies Dept.) African Cinema and African Cinematic Representation: A Short Bibliography/Videography of Materials in the UC Berkeley Libraries Lesotho DestinationLesotho. Describes daily life in Lesotho as experienced by Peace Corps volunteers and the families with whom they work and live with patricular emphasis on the importance of water to the culture. 1995. 20 min. Video/C 4737 Coverage of the first major cultural festival in Lesotho, celebrating 175 years of Lesotho's cultural heritage. Includes various forms of Sesotho music, horsemanship, traditional dances, local musical instruments, famo and jazz presentations and a Morabaraba sports competition. 59 min. PAL format. Video/C 9265 Lesotho, Water, Water Everywhere (Africa: Search for Common Ground; 8) Part of a series profiling formal efforts by various Sub-Saharan African countries to peacefully resolve contemporary conflicts. Focuses on the Lesotho Highlands Dam Project which seeks economic development for this poor nation. Here community and government leaders meet to discuss how all those concerned can benefit from the endeavor. 1997. 26 min. Video/C 5351 To the top Liberia Between War and Peace.

27. Africa.iafrica.com Countryinfo Sierra Leone People Ethnic groups 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, mende 30%, other 30%), Religions Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10% http://africa.iafrica.com/countryinfo/sierraleone/people/

SPYKIDS OWNZ YOU Contacts? spykids.br@gmail.com

28. 3. People: Diversifying The Innovation Framework: Centro Internacional De Invest That indigenous peoples inhabit the most diverse fields and forests of the world is The mende farmers of Sierra Leone, independent of foreign experts, http://web.idrc.ca/es/ev-28299-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Français English IDRC.CA Publicaciones ... GENTE, PLANTAS Y PATENTES Explorador Libros Novedades Economía Med. ambiente/diversidad ... Todo nuestros libros Personas Bill Carman Identificación: Creado: Modificado: 3. People: Diversifying the Innovation Framework Documento(s) 6 de 12 We cannot conserve the world's biological diversity unless we also nurture the human diversity that protects and develops it. We need diversity in the innovation processes related to biomaterials. Policymakers must find a way to stimulate innovation at the community, national, and international levels — in formal and informal, public and private sectors. The challenge of Agenda 21 is to find equitable mechanisms that allow these diverse forms of innovation to collaborate for the benefit of humanity. COMMUNITY INNOVATION In the aftermath of the Rio Earth Summit, the contribution of indigenous and rural communities as innovators has been recognized but not necessarily understood. That indigenous peoples inhabit the most diverse fields and forests of the world is sometimes viewed as both coincidental and unfortunate. That a correlation could exist between the uses made by people of biological diversity and the availability of that diversity is seldom considered. Obviously, much of the innovative activity of farmers lies in their fields. The Mende farmers of Sierra Leone, independent of foreign experts, conduct field trials, test new seeds against different soil types, and compare results (Davies and Richards 1991). In the Horn of Africa, Ethiopian farmers maintain variety performance records, sometimes inscribed on door posts. Farmers normally breed for specific microenvironments, but it is often the case that their folk varieties can perform remarkably well in roughly similar environments in other parts of the world. Research institutes report the use of an Ethiopian farmer variety in Burkina Faso, and of a South African variety released in Ethiopia. Rural societies maintain agricultural biodiversity because it is essential to their survival. They breed their own improved varieties for the same reason. There is no useful distinction, for them, between conservation and development.

29. Bibliography: Centro Internacional De Investigaciones Para El Desarrollo Biotechnology, indigenous peoples and intellectual property rights. Rain forestin mende life resources and subsistence strategies in rural communities http://web.idrc.ca/es/ev-28306-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Français English IDRC.CA Publicaciones ... GENTE, PLANTAS Y PATENTES Explorador Libros Novedades Economía Med. ambiente/diversidad ... Todo nuestros libros Personas Bill Carman Identificación: Creado: Modificado: Bibliography Documento(s) 11 de 12 AAS (African Academy of Sciences). 1989. Farmers also experiment: a neglected intellectual resource in African science. Academy Science Publishers, Nairobi, Kenya. Discovery and Innovation, 1(1), 19–25. Anderson, J.R.; Herdt, R.W.; Scobie, G.M. 1988. Science and food — the CGIAR and its partners. World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. Axt, J.R.; Corn, M.L.; Lee, M.; Ackerman, D.M. 1993. Biotechnology, indigenous peoples and intellectual property rights. Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC, USA. Report for Congress, 16 April 1993. Berg, T.; Bjornstad, A.; Fowler, C.; Skroppa, T. 1991. Technology options and the gene struggle. NorAgric, Norwegian Centre for International Agricultural Development, Agricultural University of Norway, Aas, Norway. Development and Environment No. 8. CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research). 1993. The Boards of Trustees of the international agricultural research centres. CGIAR Secretariat, Washington, DC, USA.

30. `A Tribute To Black History' By Paul Barton In fact, the first peoples to enter Europe were Blacks from africa who were in used an alphabet found among the mende speaking peoples of West africa. http://www.dalitstan.org/journal/dalitism/dal000/tribtobh.html

A Tribute to Black History Susu Economics: The History of Pan-African Trade, Commerce, Money and Wealth (Learning From Our Glorious Past as we Enter Into the New Millenium) January 29, 2000 February is Black History Month in the United States (October in Britain), yet, there are many of us who are unaware of our true and total history particularly in the area of ancient trade and commerce and how it led to the establishment and settlement of Africoids in every part of the globe suitable for human habitation. In fact, the very spread of language began from Africa to other parts of the world, as researched and explained by Dr. Bartor Vamos- Toth (Honolulu, Hawaii (USA) and Franziska Hargenrader, inm the article, The "Tamana Phenomena," (Efodon Synesis, May/June 1996, Munich, Germany). This spread of language from Africa to all parts of the earth was intiated by the need to initiate and practice trade and commerce. The Worldwide Spread of Black Civilization Among the early civilizations that were founded by prehistoric Africans (Blacks) due to the increase in trade and commerce were some of the oldest civilizations of the Americas. For example, one of the most ancient civilizations on earth existed in North America. It was and is the Black Washitaw Moundbuilders Civilization of the United States. This civilization existed thousands of years before Christ in the Mississippi Valley Basin and the Southern United States. The Washitaw still exist today as a separate and distinct Black American nation and are recognized by the United Nations as one of the most ancient peoples of the Americas and indigenous to the region. Blacks were also the first inhabitants of California and neither the Aztecs, Mayas, Hopi Navajo and other "Native Americans" of the Mongoloid racial group were the original inhabitants of California or much of the hot Southwestern United States, or the South and South Eastern U.S. In fact, an article in the Fresno Bee (Fresno , California, Janary 24, 2000) entitled, "A northern light is shed on site of Hispanic Homeland" is correct in pointing out that one part of the Hispanic (the Mestizo speakers of Spanish, not people of pure Spanish European Caucasian racial background......my emphasis) may be north of California.

31. Anti-Slavery - Resources - Publication The Cocoa Industry in West africa A history of exploitation Enslaved Peoplein the 1990s indigenous peoples debt bondage and human rights http://www.antislavery.org/homepage/resources/publication.htm

Publications How this page works Browse the publications on this page, click the boxes next to the items you wish to order and then when you have finished click on Proceed to checkout to go to the bottom of the page to complete your order. Anti-Slavery International only charges a postage and package fee per order, not on each publication. So, the more publications you buy the greater your savings will be. Contact the Publications Officer b.shand@antislavery.org for further information on any of the following: Multiple orders. Orders of 10 or more of the same publication qualify for a 10 per cent discount. Booksellers discount is also available at 40 per cent. Review copies of Anti-Slavery International publications are available at the discretion of the Publications Officer. ORDER ALL BOOKS This offer excludes A Taste for Freedom and Slavery in the Twentieth Century Proceed to checkout NEW 1807-2007: Over 200 years of campaigning against slavery This publication gives an overview of the Transatlantic Slave Trade and considers the factors that led isolated voices of protest to develop into a popular movement in less than 20 years, helping to bring about the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. It also traces how after the end of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, new forms of slavery began to manifest themselves and how they were challenged through popular campaigns and the development of international standards to prohibit them. It also considers what action needs to be taken to free the millions of people in slavery today.

32. Sierra Leone People Ethnic groups 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30% mende 30% other 30%) Creole10% Religions Muslim 60% indigenous beliefs 30% Christian 10% http://www.world66.com/africa/sierraleone/people

Sierra Leone People - population, ethnic groups, religions and customs the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Sierra Leone Sections Sierra Leone Map Practical Information Getting There ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement People [edit this] [Upload image] Population: 5 080 004 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (male 1 130 728; female 1 167 084) 15-64 years: 52% (male 1 257 901; female 1 367 902) 65 years and over: 3% (male 79 113; female 77 276) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 4.01% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 46.16 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 17.25 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 11.18 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 129.38 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 48.57 years male: 45.56 years female: 51.66 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.23 children born/woman (1998 est.)

33. H-Net Review: Elizabeth Akingbola peoples of africa is an eleven volume set of books that provides historical The chapters separate indigenous african beliefs from Christianity and Islam http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=40801012584859

34. National directed by indigenous peoples from Asia, the Pacific, africa and the Americas . CS Canada also supports indigenous peoples initiatives related to http://peopleandplants.org/whatweproduce/Handbooks/handbook2/national.htm

35. UN Chronicle | Languages As Historical Archives Many centuries before, peoples of the Guinea Coast of africa evolved a Modernday Mande languages include Kpelle in Liberia, mende in Sierra Leone, http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2003/issue4/0403p68.asp

ESSAY Languages as Historical Archives Implications for Agriculture and Development By Christopher Ehret Print Home In This Issue Archive Français ... Links Article A sorghum field, with houses and hills behind, in Mandara Mountains, Cameroon In the eighteenth century, the British New World colony of South Carolina prospered from the raising and exporting of rice. What does this have to do with linguistics, agriculture and development in the modern day? The answer is a salutary warning against unexamined assumptions: African agricultural technology created the prosperity of colonial Carolina. Many centuries before, peoples of the Guinea Coast of Africa evolved a sophisticated and highly efficient technology for growing abundant crops of African rice, Oryza glaberima. Taking advantage of the tidal estuaries of rivers flowing into the Atlantic, they built levees and channels to redirect the ebb and flow of the tides onto their fields. Before the planting season, African farmers channeled to their fields salty seawater flowing into the estuaries at high tide. Some days or weeks later, they let fresh water flow onto the plots: the salty water had killed the weeds and seeds, and then the fresh water washed away the salty water and leached the salt from the soil. At the same time, it deposited a fresh layer of silt, enriching the soil for the rice crop to be planted. Carolina planters gained access to this technology in the eighteenth century by importing experts from the Guinea Coast. But unlike modern-day expatriate advisers, these experts crossed the Atlantic not as a privileged group but as slaves, and so their seminal role in colonial Carolina agriculture long remained unnoticed. Only in the past twenty years, through the work of scholars, such as Professor Judith Carney and Dr. Edda Fields, has their contribution finally begun to gain the recognition it has long deserved.

36. UNJLC - About Liberia Liberia is an independent republic, which lies on the bulge of africa between the indigenous peoples a greater say in Liberian affairs were undertaken. http://www.unjlc.org/content/index.phtml/itemId/17304

isMac = false; isWindows = false; isLinux = false; isIE = false; isIE4 = false; isIE5 = false; isIE55 = false; isIE6 = false; isAtLeastIE4 = false; isAtLeastIE5 = false; isAtLeastIE55 = false; isAtLeastIE6 = false; isAtLeastMacIE5 = false; isAtLeastWindowsIE5 = false; isAtLeastWindowsIE55 = false; isAtLeastWindowsIE6 = false; isMozilla = false; isOpera = false; browserVersion = 0; javaScriptVariablesInitialised = true; Contact UNJLC Login Printer friendly Sitemap Look in All Home Indian-Ocean Sudan DRC Archives Intranet Home Indian-Ocean Sudan DRC ... IRAQ 2003-04 Email alerts My alerts Email me changes to this page. Email me changes in this topic. Bookmarks My bookmarks Add bookmark for this page. Previous Operations Liberia 2003-04 Government About Liberia About Liberia Liberia : Introduction to basic facts, overview and history. Basic Facts Overview Overview History Basic Facts Official name Republic of Liberia Area 43,000 miles , 111,370 km Type of government Republic Head of State President Population 3,317,176 (July 2003) Population growth rate Capital and largest city Monrovia (Population: 1,000,000, 2003)

37. Priscilla's Homecoming And Africana Heritage: The Gullah: Rice, Slavery And The africa, The Gullah Rice, Slavery and the Sierra LeoneAmerican Connection language already widely spoken among the indigenous peoples along the coast. http://www.africanaheritage.com/Gullah_and_Sierra_Leone.asp

Home Priscilla's Homecoming Ball Family Freedmen Freedmen's Labor in Coastal SC ... News The Gullah: Rice, Slavery and the Sierra Leone-American Connection The Gullah: Rice, Slavery, and the Sierra Leone-American Connection By Joseph A. Opala Introduction The Gullah are a distinctive group of Black Americans from South Carolina and Georgia in the southeastern United States. They live in small farming and fishing communities along the Atlantic coastal plain and on the chain of Sea Islands which runs parallel to the coast. Because of their geographical isolation and strong community life, the Gullah have been able to preserve more of their African cultural heritage than any other group of Black Americans. They speak a creole language similar to Sierra Leone Krio, use African names, tell African folktales, make African-style handicrafts such as baskets and carved walking sticks, and enjoy a rich cuisine based primarily on rice. Indeed, rice is what forms the special link between the Gullah and the people of Sierra Leone. During the 1700s the American colonists in South Carolina and Georgia discovered that rice would grow well in the moist, semitropical country bordering their coastline. But the American colonists in South Carolina and Georgia had no experience with the cultivation of rice, and they needed African slaves who knew how to plant, harvest, and process this difficult crop. The white plantation owners purchased slaves from various parts of Africa, but they greatly preferred slaves from what they called the "Rice Coast" or "Windward Coast" - the traditional rice-growing region of West Africa, stretching from Senegal down to Sierra Leone and Liberia. The plantation owners were willing to pay higher prices for slaves from this area, and Africans from the Rice Coast were almost certainly the largest group of slaves imported into South Carolina and Georgia during the 18th century.

38. The First Masks Over thirty thousand years ago, somewhere in africa, an indigenous Hunter had a idea For early indigenous peoples, masks were a way to the gods, and http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=28378

39. Africa Afrikaans is the language of 60%, and German and some indigenous languages like mende, Temne and Krio are native languages. South africa The two main http://lazarus.elte.hu/~guszlev/gb/afri.htm

Africa Ascension is a part of the UK as a dependency of Saint Helena Botswana was a Crown Colony until 1966. Besides English, Setswana is the other official language, and Bantu is spoken as well. Cameroon was a Crown Colony until 1961. English and French are the two official languages, plus 24 major African language groups exist here. The Gambia gained independence from Britain in 1965, English is the official language but Mandinka, Wolof, Fulani and other indigenous vernaculars are spoken. Ghana became an independent country from the UK in 1957. English is the official, but African languages (Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe and Gã) are native. Lesotho was a protectorate until 1966. Sesotho is official besides English, and Zulu and Xhosa are other important languages. Liberia is the country where liberated slaves from the US were settled from 1822. It has been an independent country since 1847. English is the native tongue of about the 96% of the population, and 20 local languages from the Niger-Congo language group are spoken. Malawi was a protectorate until 1964. The two official languages are English and Chichewa.

40. FAIR TRADE - NI 322 - Country Profile: Sierra Leone The indigenous peoples of the Protectorate were ready to take over politicalcontrol when the The major local languages are Krio, mende and Temne. http://www.newint.org/issue322/profile.htm

New Internationalist 322 April 2000 The millennium celebrations for the residents of Freetown, capital of war-torn Sierra Leone, were muted. Not for them the wild parties that were taking place in many parts of the world. A curfew, which began at 9.00pm and ended at 7.00am, made sure of a sombre awakening to the new millennium. For the settlers, whose descendants are known today as the Creoles, the early days were full of conflicts with the indigenous peoples who objected to their presence. But the settlers had an advantage in that they were educated and were wise to the ways of Europeans. Naturally, they held the top jobs in the British colonial civil service and were also prominent in the professions. They were also well represented in the Legislative Council, through which the British governed the Colony of Freetown. By the time of independence in April 1961, things had changed drastically. The indigenous peoples of the Protectorate were ready to take over political control when the British relinquished their hold on the country.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 100    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20