41. Regional Africa Mauritania Top » regional » Africa » mauritania » Notes on geography, history, politics,economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. http://www.bigzazoo.com/Directory/Regional/Africa/Mauritania/

Add a Website About Us Link to Us Become an Editor ... Rate Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mr.html (Hits: 4 Visits: 5 Rating: Comments: Average Rating: 0.00 Added: 10/20/2004) Reviews Rate One page of background information and links. http://www.hejleh.com/countries/mauritania.html (Hits: 4 Visits: 5 Rating: Comments: Average Rating: 0.00 Added: 10/20/2004) FOC Country Profile - Mauritania Reviews Rate Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. (Hits: 4 Visits: 5 Rating: Comments: Average Rating: 0.00 Added: 10/20/2004) Mauritania Reviews Rate Country Study from the Library of Congress http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mrtoc.html (Hits: 4 Visits: 4 Rating: Comments: Average Rating: 0.00 Added: 10/20/2004) Mauritania Country Information Reviews Rate Arab World - Location, Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/maurita.htm (Hits: 4 Visits: 4 Rating: Comments: Average Rating: 0.00 Added: 10/20/2004)

42. Panel 6A - Africa / Middle East Regional Consultation The development of the Senegal River Valley has a long history which has been the Senegal, Mali and mauritania decided to work together in a regional http://www.dams.org/kbase/consultations/afrme/panel6a.htm

43. Mauritania History mauritania. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. Historical Setting EARLY history SANHADJA CONFEDERATION War in the Western Sahara regional Security Concerns http://www.emulateme.com/history/maurihist.htm

History of Mauritania This page has changed if you are not redirected click here

44. Florida Museum Of Natural History Ichthyology Department A 6.000 Km2 Coastal Sanctuary For Sharks And Rays In mauritania, West Africa As proposed by the subregional plan of action for the conservation and the http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/organizations/ssg/pnba.htm

HOME COLLECTION EDUCATION IMAGE GALLERY ... FLMNH The IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist Group Selections... Sharks Homepage American Elasmobranch Society Commercial Shark Fishery Observer Program International Shark Attack File National Shark Research Consortium Sawfish Recovery Team Shark Specialist Group Basking Shark Megamouth Shark Spiny Dogfish Whale Shark White Shark Acknowledgements Biological Profiles Education Image Gallery Meetings Shark Games Shark Links Sharks in the News Shark References Site Contents A 6.000 Km2 Coastal Sanctuary For Sharks And Rays In Mauritania, West Africa The Banc d'Arguin National Park (PNBA), situated in Mauritania (West Africa) was created in 1976. It is one of the largest marine protected areas on the continent with 6.000 Km2 of shallow waters including various habitats such as sea grass beds, islands, sandy plains and mudflats. The park is utilized by half of the palearctic migrating birds (from Northern Europe and Siberia), with more than 2.5 millions birds stopping every winter to feed there. The PNBA protects approximately half of the Banc d'Arguin and Baie du Lévrier coastal ecosystem, a major natural tool for the reconstitution of halieutic resources at a regional scale.

45. :: Daneshyar Network :: Subject, regional Studies, history, Economy, Show, More information Madagascar Country Review mauritania Country Review. Type, eJournal http://www.daneshyar.org/category.php?sh=service&proid=all&serid=0&pid=19521&sor

46. HISTORY OF MOROCCO In 13 BC the Emperor Octavius granted the kingdom of mauritania to the young 24 October 1997 Election of regional counselors (results in french). http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/generalities/history/history.html

HISTORY OF MOROCCO Historical Summary Since the beginning of history there have been Berbers in North Africa end they were already well established when the Phoenicians made their first incursions in 1200 BC. Their origins are uncertain but thought to be Euro-Asiatic, The generic name Berbers, was imposed on them by the Arabs meaning those who were not Arabs. Sanhaja, Masmoda, and Zenata are the three tribes constituting the Berbers The Sanhaja , from which sprang the Almoravide dynasty (the founders of Marrakesh) were nomads who in the 11C conquered the desert and much of the region to the south of it for Islam; the Masmouda were quiet farming people who lived in the north and west and in the High and Anti Atlas mountains and it was they who gave rise (from out Tin Mal , S of Marrakesh to the Almohade Dynasty which displaced the Almoravides; the Zenata a sub-group of which the - Beni Marin- swept in from the empty region between the Tafilalet and Algeria to become the great Merinide dynasty, were tough, horse-riding nomads of the cold high plateaux of the interior. Joined to the Arabs only by Islam, the Berhers have always held themselves proudly separate in all other matters, especially in the rural and mountain areas. There is no standard form of Berber language since each tribal group has always used its own version, and there is no recognized Berber script or literature. Their strongest form of self-expression is music and dancing, which is rhythmic but with little harmony, compelling, loud and often quite intoxicating.

47. Mauritania - Political Disintegration By 1984 the Haidalla regime was under siege not only for its regional policies Detailed accounts of mauritania s early history can be found in Alfred G. http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8500.html

Country Listing Mauritania Table of Contents Mauritania Political Disintegration By 1984 the Haidalla regime was under siege not only for its regional policies but also for corruption and mismanagement, especially within the SEMs, which were viewed by the population as vehicles for advancing the president's own interests. Furthermore, upheavals in the military compromised the loyalty of key officers, particularly at a time when the army was being asked to perform the impossible task of protecting Mauritania's vast northern regions from Morocco's attacks across the border. A severe drought compounded the regime's difficulties, forcing much of the population into the country's few urban areas and increasing Mauritania's dependence on foreign economic aid (see Balance of Payments, Debt, and Foreign Assistance , ch. 3). In the third ministerial purge in six months, Haidalla named himself prime minister in March 1984 and took over the defense portfolio. Taya, who had held both positions, was demoted to chief of staff of the armed forces. The move infuriated Taya's allies on the CMSN. As chairman of the CMSN, Haidalla was supposed to represent a collective body. Instead, he attempted to amass considerable personal power and alienated many in the top echelons of government. On December 12, 1984, while Haidalla was out of the country, Taya, in a quiet and bloodless coup d'état, became Mauritania's president, a position he continued to hold in late 1987. Detailed accounts of Mauritania's early history can be found in Alfred G. Gerteiny's

48. Atlas - Mauritania Map mauritania Map, history, Culture, People, Population, Climate, Economy, This act reflected mauritania s delicate and vulnerable regional position and http://www.map.freegk.com/mauritania/mauritania.php

fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006201'; Introduction People History Culture ... Disputes Mauritania Plants and Animal Back to Top Millet and sorghum were Mauritania's principal crops, followed by rice and corn. Before the 1980s, millet and sorghum accounted for 70 to 80 % or more of total grain production. Rice production in the 1970s averaged 5 to 10 %, and corn made up 10 to 25 %. In the 1980s, rice production grew in importance, as national planning emphasized irrigated agriculture and a change in dietary habits. In the 1980s, the government put increased emphasis on developing the rural sector. Government planning strategy under the 1985-88 Economic Recovery Program placed the highest priority on rural development. Particular attention was to be paid to upgrading existing land and developing new irrigated farming and flood recession agriculture. There were also plans involving Mauritania, Mali, and Senegal to integrate rural development and water and flood control through the Senegal River Development Office as the massive Diama and Manantali dams became fully operational. Mauritania Communications Back to Top limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations (improvements being made)

49. Arab Gateway: Economic Integration Tendencies (1) The presidents of Algeria, Libya, mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia signed thetreaty of the While the history of regional integration efforts in Europe, http://www.al-bab.com/arab/econ/suleiman.htm

ARAB gateway HOME PAGE SITE SEARCH Arab A to Z Art/architecture ... CONTACT US ECONOMIC INTEGRATION TENDENCIES Economic Integration Tendencies in the Middle East and North Africa by Nasser M. Suleiman (Ph.D. student in Hungary researching economic integration in Arab countries) Summary Introduction 1. The regional characteristics of Mena 2. Why regional interaction has been limited ... References SUMMARY T HE ECONOMIC preconditions for integration in Mena (Middle East and North Africa) are improving for an increasing number of countries. The key to increasing integration now lies at country level. Some Mena countries have made considerable headway in stabilizing, reforming, and opening up their economies. The way forward, as most Arab governments now accept, is to pursue structural reforms and try to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI). Mena governments also need to adopt a trade-policy regime that fosters integration into the world economy and overcomes the protectionist tendencies of the past, to prevent further marginalization within the world economy. These efforts may well receive a boost from the process of negotiating Association Agreements between the EU and countries in the southern and eastern Mediterranean. Successful integration efforts are more likely to come first among sub-sets of countries in the region, rather than in the region as a whole. As more countries in the Mena region progress in deregulating and liberalizing their economies, cross-links among these groupings will strengthen economic ties within Mena as a whole.

50. African Studies Center | Mauritania Page It covers news, history, geography, etc.. Languages of mauritania IRINmauritania. News provided by the Integrated regional Information Networks http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Mauritania.html

Mauritania Page Country Map of Mauritania U.S. State Department Consular Information Sheet for Mauritania Mauritania Embassy in the U.S. World Factbook entry for Mauritania Other On-Line Resources Related to Mauritania Mauritania The index has been created by The Norwegian Council for Africa, as part of its comprehensive effort to strengthen the knowledge of Africa and African affairs. The projects has been developed in cooperation with the information company Gazette, and wit h financial support from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Mauritania (Karen Fung) Resources represents part of Karen Fung's "Africa South of the Sahara Electronic Guide". It covers: news, history, geography, etc..

51. African History On The Internet - Kingdoms And Ancient Civilizations history Includes under regional Dynasties, a section on West Africa. Includes manuscripts from Mali, mauritania, Niger, Northern Nigeria and from http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/history/hisking.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... History: Kingdoms / Ancient Civilizations African Indigenous Knowledge Systems Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Professor of History, Central Connecticut State University, provides citations to books and links to web sites relating to the, "Background History of Africa, African Food Processing Techniques, African Textile Techniques, African Metallurgy, Colonialism and Africa's Technology, and Mathematics in pre-colonial Hausaland, West Africa. http://www.africahistory.net African Mathematical Union. Commission on the History of Mathematics in Africa Includes issues of their newsletter, articles on " The Ancients ", pages on mathematics in Ghana, Namibia, Nigeria Zambia, Zimbabwe, profiles of African mathematicians. The newsletter has bibliographies and web sites. Maintained by Scott W. Williams, Professor, Mathematics Dept., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo. [KF] http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amuchma_online.html African Timelines http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimelinetoc.htm

52. Peace Corps | Meet A Recruiter | Regional Recruitment Offices | Washington DC| R He is currently Assistant Professor of history at Wake Forest University. Dr. John Limbert, US Ambassador to mauritania Iran, 196466 http://www.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?shell=meet.regrec.washdc.rfacts

53. Comparative Criminology | Africa - Mauritania mauritania s postindependence history has been dominated by regional politics.Morocco and Algeria, vying for regional dominance, have continually http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/mauritania.html

World Africa : Mauritania The Sahara has linked rather than divided the peoples who inhabit it and has served as an avenue for migration and conquest. Mauritania, lying next to the Atlantic coast at the western edge of the desert, received and assimilated into its complex society many waves of these migrants and conquerors. Berbers moved south to Mauritania beginning in the third century A.D., followed by Arabs in the eighth century, subjugating and assimilating Mauritania's original inhabitants. From the eighth through the fifteenth century, black kingdoms of the western Sudan, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, brought their political culture from the south. The divisive tendencies of the various groups within Mauritanian society have always worked against the development of Mauritanian unity. Both the Sanhadja Confederation, at its height from the eighth to the tenth century, and the Almoravid Empire, from the eleventh to the twelfth century, were weakened by internecine warfare, and both succumbed to further invasions from the Ghana Empire and the Almohad Empire, respectively. The one external influence that tended to unify the country was Islam. The Islamization of Mauritania was a gradual process that spanned more than 500 years. From the fifteenth to the nineteenth century, European contact with Mauritania was dominated by the trade for gum arabic. Rivalries among European powers enabled the Arab-Berber population, the Maures (Moors), to maintain their independence and later to exact annual payments from France, whose sovereignty over the Senegal River and the Mauritanian coast was recognized by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Although penetration beyond the coast and the Senegal River began in earnest under Louis Faidherbe, governor of Senegal in the mid-1800s , European conquest or "pacification" of the entire country did not begin until 1900. Because extensive European contact began so late in the country's history, the traditional social structure carried over into modern times with little change.

54. SMI - Centre For Middle Eastern Studies Early history and regional / comparative studies, Chrisitianity in each country Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco / Western Sahara and mauritania. http://www.hf.uib.no/smi/library/class.html

CENTRE FOR MIDDLE EASTERN AND ISLAMIC STUDIES University of Bergen THE CENTRE STUDIES RESEARCH SEMINARS RESEARCH ... FRONT PAGE Classification of the Centre library Below are some comments and clarifications of the rules used to classify (and put on shelves) the books of the Middle East Centre's library. They add to the general classification scheme indicated in the categories page. Geography The basic units are the modern states. The following directions apply: General vs. geographic: A, NA, P. There are three general, non-geographic categories: A , for books not on the Middle East or Africa, NA , for Islam and P , for Arabic language and literature. A is used for books where the topic has no relation to the region, including e.g. Arabic translations of European literature, and general works in human and social science (thus general works on Imperialism, put under A 970 However, if any identifiable part of the book, thus a chapter or a paper, concerns the region, classification is made on the basis of that part. NA is used for works generally on Islamic topics, which are not classifiable to a particular country.

55. UNITED NATIONS Press Release Xxxxxxxxxx COMMITTEE ON ELIMINATION For the first time in mauritania s history a woman ran for President during all partners – civil society, and at all levels – regional, national, local. http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/0/C2BC634EB5BE8038C1256EEB005127A1?op

56. History--Best Sites State and regional. Alabama Department of Archives and history Covers allcountries and cultures between mauritania in west and Iran in the east, http://www.southalabama.edu/univlib/picks/history.htm

History General North America State and Regional Latin America and South America ... Women For guides to printed information on this topic, see History and Black History General History Guide : searchable guide to Internet sites. History Place : dedicated to student's and teachers, this is a source for speeches and photos as well as timelines and text. Index of Resources for Historians Internet Modern History Sourcebook National Center for History in the Schools World Wide Server for History ... [Back to Top] North America African American Mosiac : "Library of Congress Resource Guide for the Study of Black History and Culture." American and British History Resources on the Internet American Memory : from the Library of Congress American Studies Web American Women's History Avalon Project : Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy. Documents include pre-18th century - 20th century. Civil War Page Classics of American Colonial History : database of scholarly books and articles Historic American Buildings Survey : Library of Congress Special Collections Historical Flags of the United States Museum of African Slavery : Essays on the realities and practices of slavery with links to other key slavery sites.

57. MapZones.com : Mauritania History Information of Country s history, Civilization, independence, king, rural, war . This act reflected mauritania s delicate and vulnerable regional http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/mauritania/historyindex.php

fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006201'; Country Info Mauritania Introduction Mauritania General Data Mauritania Maps Mauritania Culture ... Mauritania Time and Date Mauritania History Back to Top The Sahara has linked rather than separated the peoples who inhabit it and has served as an avenue for migration and conquest. Mauritania, lying next to the Atlantic coast at the western edge of the desert, received and assimilated into its complex society many waves of these migrants and conquerors. Berbers moved south to Mauritania beginning in the third century A.D., followed by Arabs in the eighth century, subjugating and assimilating Mauritania's original inhabitants. From the eighth through the fifteenth century, black kingdoms of the western Sudan, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, brought their political culture from the south. Albania Maps Andorra Maps Armenia Maps Austria Maps ... mailto:info@mapzones.com?subject=Mail from HomePage

58. Arabic News Front Page For 11/26/2001 regional, history, 11/26/2001 Khartoum hosts the Somali reconciliation Means to upgrade cooperation ties between Morocco and mauritania topped talks http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/011126/FP.html

Daily Edition - Monday, November 26, 2001 Front Page More Headlines Previous Edition Category Politics Business and Economics Local Country News Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti ... News Calendar Resources Weather Book Store Science and Technology Phone Codes ... Country Information Subscription Premium Subscription Free Newsletter Marketplace Advertising Info Today's Headlines: Apply now! Egypt, Libya Summit dealt with different vital issues The summit which was held between President Hosni Mubarak and Libyan counterpart Muammar Gaddafi came within the context of regular meetings between the two Arab leaders to discuss regional and international development, Egypt's Ambassador to Libya Hani Khalaf said Monday. Libya Egypt, Politics, 11/26/2001 Israel's criminal acts are a challenge to US policy President Mubarak and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat discussed Sunday the deteriorating situation in the Palestinian lands in light of the Israeli killing of five Palestinian children and the assassination of a Hamas activist, said Foreign Minister Ahmed Maher. Palestine Egypt, Politics, 11/26/2001

59. Arabic News Front Page For 9/23/2005 mauritania opposition calls for trying alTaye the real ties connecting Islamand Christianity across history. regional-Syria, Religion, 8/12/2005 http://www.arabicnews.com/

Daily Edition - Friday, September 23, 2005 More Headlines Yesterday's Edition Category Politics Business and Economics Local Country News Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti ... News Calendar Resources Weather Book Store Science and Technology Phone Codes ... Privacy notice Subscription Premium Subscription Free Newsletter Marketplace Advertising Info Survey Today's Headlines: NOTICE: ArabicNews.com is for sale. Click here if you are interested New Sudanese government takes oath The new Sudanese government on Thursday took its constitutional oath before President Omar Hassan al-Bashir, in the presence of his two deputies Sylva Kiir and Ali Othman Taha. Sudan, Politics, 9/23/2005 Bush confirms stay in Iraq; Seistani supports new constitution The US President George W. Bush, whose popularity in the US is at its lowest according to reported polls, has expressed resolve in his position concerning the presence of the American forces in Iraq Iraq USA, Politics, 9/23/2005 Sufferings of Iraqis on Syrian border continues, Baghdad is silent Al-Jazeera satellite TV reported that among those are a 13-year old Iraqi child called Adnan. Adnan arrived at al-Yarubeyah coming from Amman after his leg was cutoff in a surgery. He has been since one week waiting to return back to his mother who has been waiting for him. Iraq Syria, Politics, 9/23/2005

60. LocalPin - Mauritania LocalPin regional search engine Find it where you are FOC Country Profile -mauritania Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, http://www.localpin.com/info/en/africa/mauritania/

Mauritania Main Menu Home Wiki Contact About ... Help Wiki Know something about Mauritania ? Why not contribute in the LocalPin wiki! You searched for All in Mauritania in English page 1 next What? Where? in Pick search term Pick location Location: Mauritania Results 1 to 6 of 6 matching All in the location Mauritania in Africa in World Sub-categories of the All category: Business and Economy Education Government Guides and Directories ... Mauritania Country Study from the Library of Congress http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mrtoc.html record no 1 of 6 CIA Factbook - Mauritania Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mr.html record no 2 of 6 Mauritania Country Information Arab World - Location, Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/maurita.htm record no 3 of 6 One page of background information and links. http://www.hejleh.com/countries/mauritania.html record no 4 of 6 FOC Country Profile - Mauritania Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs.

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