81. ArabBay.com: Arab Countries/Mauritania/Government government. mauritania. • Morocco. • Oman. • Palestine. • Qatar. • Saudi.• Somalia Home Arab Countries mauritania government http://www.arabbay.com/Arab_Countries/Mauritania/Government/

Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... Yemen Worth a Click Free Stuff Gallery More Free Offers All Newspapers Feed Back ... Special Rates on Phone Cards to Call the Arab World All Directory This Category Advance Options... ArabBay - Your Gateway to the Arab World!! Home ... Mauritania : Government Categories Agencies Embassies Military Ministries ... Politics Visit our Sponsors All Directory This Category Advance Options... Check Out Hosting Plans Newsletter Phone Cards Cool Offers Stay informed of new addition to ArabBay Subscribe Remove Newsletter Sign Up! On The Menu Hosting World Media Top Rated What's Cool ... Link to us Partners Corporate Info. About ArabBay Link to us Advertise Privacy Policy Worth a Visit Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... info@arabbay.com

82. ArabBay.com: Arab Countries/Mauritania/Government/Law & Order mauritania. • Morocco. • Oman. • Palestine. • Qatar. • Saudi. • Somalia Home Arab Countries mauritania government Law Order http://www.arabbay.com/Arab_Countries/Mauritania/Government/Law___Order/

Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... Yemen Worth a Click Free Stuff Gallery More Free Offers All Newspapers Feed Back ... Special Rates on Phone Cards to Call the Arab World All Directory This Category Advance Options... ArabBay - Your Gateway to the Arab World!! Home ... Government Visit our Sponsors All Directory This Category Advance Options... Check Out Hosting Plans Newsletter Phone Cards Cool Offers Stay informed of new addition to ArabBay Subscribe Remove Newsletter Sign Up! On The Menu Hosting World Media Top Rated What's Cool ... Link to us Partners Corporate Info. About ArabBay Link to us Advertise Privacy Policy Worth a Visit Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... info@arabbay.com

83. The Country & People Of Mauritania mauritania + Arabic Francais Official site of the government of Islamic Republicof mauritania; National Humanitarian Demmining Office + Francais Helping to http://www.hejleh.com/countries/mauritania.html

Special Arab Files This page contains links to sites in Mauritania and Mauritania related sites. For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries Web hejleh.com Mauritania, History Settled by Berbers in the 1st millennium AD, the region was the center of the ancient empire of Ghana (700–1200) and later became part of the empire of Mali (14th–15th cent.). By this time the Sahara had encroached on much of Mauritania, limiting agriculture and reducing the population. In the 1440s Portuguese navigators established a fishing base, and from the 17th cent. European traders dealt in gum arabic along the southern coast. France gained control of S Mauritania in the mid-19th cent., declared a protectorate over the region in 1903, and made it a separate colony in French West Africa in 1920; however, little was done to develop the economy. Nationalist political activity began after World War II, and Mauritania gained full independence in 1960. A Muslim state was created in 1961 under Makhtar Ould Daddah as president. His rule was troubled by ethnic tensions between the Fulani and the Arab-Berber group, by economic problems aggravated by the severe drought in the Sahel, and by worker-student protests. The military deposed Ould Daddah in 1978, and military governments subsequently ruled the country. A 1975 agreement with Spain and Morocco giving Mauritania control over the southern third of the Spanish (Western) Sahara ignited a conflict in the former colony. The Polisario Front, a proindependence guerrilla group backed by Algeria, waged war against Mauritanian troops until 1979, when Mauritania renounced its claims to the area and signed a peace treaty with the front. Slavery was only officially abolished in 1980, and racial unrest erupted in the late 1970s and persisted into the 1990s, aggravated by government repression of black Mauritanians.

84. Mauritania mauritania Chapter 4A. government and Politics (Countries of the World).Search HighBeam Research for. Additional search results provided by HighBeam http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107771.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 23, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Mauritania Infoplease Atlas: Mauritania Islamic Republic of Mauritania National name: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah President: Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall (2005) Prime Minister: Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (2005) Area: 397,953 sq mi (1,030,700 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 3,086,859 (growth rate: 2.9%); birth rate: 41.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 70.9/1000; life expectancy: 52.7; density per sq mi: 8 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Nouakchott, 661,400 Monetary unit: Ouguiya Languages: Hassaniya Arabic, Wolof (both official); Pulaar, Soninke, French Ethnicity/race: mixed Maur/black 40%, Maur 30%, black 30%

85. Mauritania (08/05) government AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS mauritania s presidential election, its thirdsince adopting the democratic process in 1992, took place on November 7, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5467.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of African Affairs August 2005 Background Note: Mauritania PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Islamic Republic of Mauritania Geography Area: 1,030,070 sq. km. (419,212 sq. mi.); slightly larger than Texas and New Mexico combined. Cities (2002): Capital Nouakchott (pop. 559,000). Other cities Nouadhibou (72,000), Rosso (49,000), Kaedi (34,000), Zouerate (34,000), Kiffa (32,000), Atar (24,000). Terrain: Northern four-fifths barren desert; southern 20% mainly Sahelian with small-scale irrigated and rain-fed agriculture in the Senegal River basin. Climate: Predominantly hot and dry. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Mauritanian(s). Population (2002): 2.8 million. Annual growth rate: 2.5%. Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber (White Moor or Beydane), Arab-Berber-Negroid (Black Moor or Haratine), Haalpulaar, Soninke, Wolof. Religion: Islam. Languages: Arabic (official), Hassaniya, French, Pulaar, Wolof, and Soninke. Education: Years compulsory six.

86. The Populist Party Of America USSupported mauritania s government Overthrown A military junta overthrewmauritania s US-allied president while he was abroad Wednesday, http://www.populistamerica.com/us_supported_mauritania_s_government_overthrown_

msetm=true;mi=new Array(12);mindex=0; mi[mindex++]=14; mi[mindex++]=6518; mi[mindex++]=23; mi[mindex++]=53; mi[mindex++]=59; mi[mindex++]=19; mi[mindex++]=72; mi[mindex++]=3700; mi[mindex++]=1345; mi[mindex++]=754; mi[mindex++]=6043; Newsletter Join the E-List Receive bi-weekly updates of important news information, commentary and more. Email Address: Cost of the War in Iraq (JavaScript Error) US-Supported Mauritania's Government Overthrown Washington Post August 3, 2005 by Associated Press A military junta overthrew Mauritania's U.S.-allied president while he was abroad Wednesday, prompting celebrations in this oil-rich Islamic nation that looked increasingly to the West amid alleged threats from al-Qaida linked militants. The junta promised to yield to democratic rule within two years, but African leaders and the United States were quick to condemn the coup, declaring that the days of authoritarianism and military rule must end across the continent. President Maaoya Sid'Ahmed Ould Taya, who himself seized power in a 1984 coup and dealt ruthlessly with his opponents, was out of the country when presidential guardsmen cut broadcasts from the national radio and television stations at dawn and seized a building housing the army chief of staff headquarters. Later in the day the junta named national police chief Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall as the country's new leader.

87. Government - Mauritania - Government Regional Web Directories / Africa / mauritania. Add Url Suggest Category -Submit your site to Haabaa. No results found in government - mauritania http://www.haabaa.com/dir/635/42.php

Drive traffic to your website FREE with Haabaa.com partnership. Your site will be listed on our Recommended site page and for every hit you send us your site will be listed higher on the recommended site page. Click here to join. FEATURED ARTICLE Mahatma Gandhi was the charismatic intellectual and mass-movement more... Home Add URL Advertise ... Special Offer Please enter Keywords: Government / Mauritania Web Directory / Government Census Central Government Civic Participation Civil Service ... Africa / Mauritania Add Url Suggest Category Submit your site to Haabaa No results found in Government - Mauritania Haabaa Quick Links: Internet Finance Entertainment Business Services ... Golf Special Offer Haabaa Site Links: Advertise About Haabaa Contact Us Directory ... Web Design

88. Mauritania Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide Lonely Planet s online guide to mauritania. of Spanish Sahara between Moroccoand mauritania, led to the toppling of the government in the late 1970s. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/mauritania/printable.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Mauritania Mauritania Leave lone footprints in the swirling sand of this untouched terrain. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Parc National du Banc d'Arguin Spread along 180km (112mi) of desert coast and dotted with small islands, this park is home to... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Mauritania is venturing through towns half-blanketed in sand, sipping tea with nomads under their colourful tents, crossing plateaus that resemble the moon and gazing at prehistoric rock drawings and ancient Saharan architecture. One thousand-mile stare coming up. Travel Services Flights Hostels Hotels ... Travel Insurance lonely planet 2005 about us privacy contact us worldguide ... travel links

89. Mauritania's Government Overthrown By The Military! Ok, I've Never Heard Of Maur mauritania s government overthrown by the military! Ok, I ve never heard ofmauritania either but apparently they are one of Israel s few allies. http://www.smartactivist.org/article/3859.html

Thursday August 4, 2005 Comments Mauritania's government overthrown by the military! Ok, I've never heard of Mauritania either but apparently they are one of Israel's few allies. Mauritania Aljazeera This article has been clicked 11 times. No comments yet, be the first! (Not a member yet? Click here it's free, quick, and good for you too!) Member Name: remember my member name Password: I forgot my password Comment:

90. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Mauritania - Government Legal directory and search engine legislation, case-law, journals, law reform,by country and subject. http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/50767.html

Contributors: Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... Mauritania Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Autorité de Régulation Search Official site of the Regulatory Authority of Mauritania Commissariat aux Droits de l’Homme, à la Lutte Contre la Pauvreté et à l’Insertion (CDHLCPI) Search Official website of the Commission on Human Rights, for the Battle against Poverty and for Integration Office National de la Statistique Search Official website Official Government Site Search President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Constitution, Constitutional Council, Statutes, Senate, National Assembly and Mediator of the Republic (In French) WorldLII: Feedback URL: http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/50767.html Generated: Fri Sep 23 02:56:31 2005

91. Lonely Planet's Guide To Mauritania As the government became more xenophobic, closing the Senegal border, Iraq asits closest ally, mauritania s government became increasingly extremist, http://webcenter.travel.aol.com/travel/lonely_planet/africa/mauritania/history.h

You are here: Home Web Centers > Travel From Lonely Planet Lonely Planet guide to Mauritania and the world Order Now Get a Free Lonely Planet Travel Journal with a purchase over UK£25/ US$40/ A$65 of products in the LP Shop. Mauritania History It's difficult to imagine now, but Mauritania once had large lakes, rivers and enough vegetation to support an abundance of elephants, rhinos and hippos. There is also evidence of human habitation in the form of arrow heads and rock drawings linked to the ancient Bafour people. This all came to a grinding halt when the Sahara began spreading about 10,000 years ago. Around the 3rd century the camel was introduced to the Berbers in Morocco. For Mauritania, this significant event meant the arrival of the nomads, who were able to cover longer distances with camels as they traded salt - and later gold and slaves - throughout the Western Sahara. In the 9th and 10th centuries the first empire in West Africa emerged. Known as the Empire of Ghana, it had its capital in southwest Mauritania. The Berbers who had settled in the region were reduced to vassals by their nomadic rulers. Islam began spreading throughout the region at this time also. One group, the Almoravids, gained control over the Berbers and established a capital in Marrakesh, from where they ruled all of northwest Africa as well as southern Spain. In 1076 they pushed southwards and, with the assistance of Mauritanian Berbers, destroyed the Empire of Ghana. Islam then spread more quickly and freely than before. So vast was the new empire that it effectively split in two with one centre in Morocco and the other ruled by the Berbers of Mauritania. This southern Empire was defeated by the Arabs in 1674; the mix of cultures gave rise to the Moors, and to their stratified caste system.

92. CTV.ca | Mauritania Coup Attempt Crushed, President Says NOUAKCHOTT, mauritania — government forces crushed a coup attempt by the disgruntled Related Stories. Coup attempt reported in mauritania, W. Africa http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1055171063474_72?s_name=&no_

93. Lonely Planet and mauritania, led to the toppling of the government in the late 1970s. as its closest ally, mauritania s government became increasingly extremist, http://www.expedia.co.uk/lonelyplanet/Mauritania/historyandculture.aspx

Expedia.co.uk Skip Navigation HOME DEALS ... CORPORATE TRAVEL Welcome - Already a member? Sign in Site Map My Trips My Profile ... Customer Support Mauritania Back to World Guide index Culture History Pre 20c It's difficult to imagine now, but Mauritania once had large lakes, rivers and enough vegetation to support an abundance of elephants, rhinos and hippos. There is also evidence of human habitation in the form of arrow heads and rock drawings linked to the ancient Bafour people. This all came to a grinding halt when the Sahara began spreading about 10,000 years ago. Around the 3rd century the camel was introduced to the Berbers in Morocco. For Mauritania, this significant event meant the arrival of the nomads, who were able to cover longer distances with camels as they traded salt - and later gold and slaves - throughout the Western Sahara. In the 9th and 10th centuries the first empire in West Africa emerged. Known as the Empire of Ghana, it had its capital in southwest Mauritania. The Berbers who had settled in the region were reduced to vassals by their nomadic rulers. Islam began spreading throughout the region at this time also. One group, the Almoravids, gained control over the Berbers and established a capital in Marrakesh, from where they ruled all of northwest Africa as well as southern Spain. In 1076 they pushed southwards and, with the assistance of Mauritanian Berbers, destroyed the Empire of Ghana. Islam then spread more quickly and freely than before. So vast was the new empire that it effectively split in two with one centre in Morocco and the other ruled by the Berbers of Mauritania. This southern Empire was defeated by the Arabs in 1674; the mix of cultures gave rise to the Moors, and to their stratified caste system.

94. Crackdown On Islamists In Mauritania | World War 4 Report mauritania s government is also strengthening ties with other US allies in theregion. At a recent summit in Sanaa, Taya and Yemen s President Ali Abdullah http://www.ww4report.com/node/535

@import "misc/drupal.css"; @import "themes/bluemarine/style.css"; Current Issue Back Issues Weblog Our Mission ... Search Navigation site map syndication Recent blog posts Arson traps indigenous gathering in Brazilian Amazon Upstate NY anti-war protesters spill own blood Women of Afghanistan find a leader Pakistani man dies awaiting deportation in NJ prison ... more User login Username: Password: Create new account Request new password Crackdown on Islamists in Mauritania Submitted by Bill Weinberg on Tue, 05/31/2005 - 12:51. Thirty-seven Islamists have been charged in Mauritania with belonging to an illegal group after being arrested last month on suspicion of links to a organization tied to al-Qaeda. Another 14 were released May 27, and some accused the authorities of torture during their detention. "I was arrested and freed without knowing why," lawyer Mohamed Haj Ould Sidi told a news conference. "Those detained near me were regularly tortured and I had a lot of trouble sleeping because of their screams." Imam Ahmed Jiddou Ould Abdallahi, who was also detained, told reporters he had been tortured. The 37, including Muslim spiritual leader Cheikh Mohamed El Hacen Ould Deddew and former diplomat Moctar Ould Mohamed Moussa, were officially charged on the 27th of membership in the Algeria-based Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC).

95. BBC News | AFRICA | 'Slave Party' Banned In Mauritania mauritania s government bans the Action for Change party which advocates morerights for blacks and descendants of slaves. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1740098.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Africa Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Thursday, 3 January, 2002, 10:18 GMT 'Slave party' banned in Mauritania Thousands still live in refugee camps in Senegal Mauritania's Government has ordered the dissolution of an opposition party which campaigns for greater rights for blacks and the descendents of slaves. The party, Action for Change (AC), is considered radical in a country where political power has always been held by Arabs and Berbers. Communications Minister Chyakh Ould Ely accused the party of being racist and violent. In 1989, hundreds were killed and thousands deported to neighbouring Senegal after race riots in both countries followed a border conflict. AC is the third party to be banned in recent years but Mr Ely said it would retain its four parliamentary seats. 'Dictatorial regime' Mr Ely accused AC of trying to undermine national unity and threatening good relations with Senegal. But, speaking in a BBC interview, the leader of Action for Change, Messaoud Ould Belkheir, denied this, and strongly criticised the government decree.

96. Global Title mauritania government Name government Total 3 globalIn February1996, an AFSC staffer visiting mauritania videotaped recently freed slaves http://www.guide-u.com/Mauritania/Government/

Title: Mauritania : Government Name: Government Total: 3 Home Mauritania : Government Coalition Against Slavery in Mauritania and Sudan global In February 1996, an AFSC staffer visiting Mauritania videotaped recently freed slaves and heard anti-slavery leader Bobacar Messaoud estimate that nearly half the population continues to be either enslaved or in slave-like relationships. Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania global Washington, D.C. Policy Framework Paper global Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Economic and Financial Policy Framework Paper (1999-2002). Describes economic objectives, macroeconomic and structural policies for three-year adjustment programs supported by ESAF resources, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing

97. The Daily Star - Politics - Mauritania Using Terror As Excuse For Repression DAKAR mauritania s government has seized on the USled struggle against terrorismas a way to legitimize its denial of democratic rights and crack down on http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=2&article_id=1503

98. Mauritania's Three Main Ethnic Groups government Bans Opposition Party. January 3, 2002. The mauritanian Human RightsAssociation on Thursday condemned the banning by mauritania s government of http://www.raceandhistory.com/cgi-bin/forum/webbbs_config.pl/noframes/read/91

Africa Speaks TrinidadandTobagoNews AmonHotep Trinicenter ... Recommended Books Articles Archive: Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 ... Read Next Msg Mauritania's three main ethnic groups Posted By: News Date: 5, January 02, at 12:33 p.m. Government Bans Opposition Party January 3, 2002 The Mauritanian Human Rights Association on Thursday condemned the banning by Mauritania's government of the opposition Action pour le changement (AC-Action for Change) which, media organisations say, champions the rights of ex-slaves and other black Mauritanians. The Association called on the government to review the measure, which it described as "anti-democratic', and urged civil society and the international community to intervene. The ban, decided at a cabinet meeting, resulted from a report by Interior Minister Cheyakh Ould Ely, which said the party's activities were harmful to national unity and incited intolerance, state-owned Radio Mauritanie reported on Wednesday. AC leader Messaoud Ould Belkheir denied the accusations. BBC reported him as saying that the ban was "a typical example of the absence of democracy under a dictatorial regime that does not tolerate opinions opposed to its own". AC is the third party to have been banned by the Mauritanian government in two years. AC's actions, BBC reported Ould Belkheir as saying, were in response to slavery which, according to human rights groups, still exists in Mauritania although it has been officially banned.

99. MEI - Mauritania Jan 3, 2002) mauritania s government has ordered the dissolution of an chattel slavery in mauritania. the mauritanian government banned SOS http://www.middle-east-info.org/league/mauritania/mauritania.htm

Home Contact us Search Middle East countries To clickable map Middle East subjects To clickable list Support democracy Support Israel over tyranny Discussion forum Volunteering Resources Videos and presentations Bibliographies Download MEI intro Guides for activists Subscribe newsletter Support MEI About us Link to us Spread the word Volunteering Links Governance Maps, documents, treaties Think tanks Israeli media ... Miscellaneous Awards MAURITANIA Map Geography People Economy ... LoC Country Study Despite Legal Ban in 1980, Slavery Persists T he law outlawing slavery says that slaves can be freed only if their master receives compensation ''Slave' Party Banned State Sponsored Repression of Black Africans Arab Mauritania Occupied Saharawi Arab Republic from 1976-1979 Saharawi Arabs Languish for Decades in World's Worst Refugee Camps Compare Freedom Score of Mauritania (Partly Free) and Israel (Free) Source: Freedom House (PDF, 187 KB)

100. Middle East Online DAKAR mauritania s government has seized on the US-led struggle against terrorismas a way to legitimize its denial of democratic rights and crack down on http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/mauritania/?id=13482

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