61. News 2004 The Latest News Articles Are Available On Our News Page on the Dutch foreign policy on indigenous peoples of africa. Grants Facilityfor indigenous peoples Awards 2004 In fiscal year 2004 (June 2003 http://www.ogiek.org/news/index2004.htm

News 2004 The latest news articles are available on our News page. To receive the latest news and press releases about the Ogiek's struggle to retain their rights by e-mail, contact us using our Web form or send a blank e-mail to subscribe.ogiek@ecoterra.net Moi, Mama Ngina in Ndung'u land report (December 17, 2004) The families of former presidents Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi feature prominently in the list of those who have grabbed public land that is now recommended for repossession. Govt revokes land allocations at Rift Valley's controversial Likia settlement (Publication Date: 12/15/2004) Nation-FM-Radio - The Government has revoked land allocations at Rift Valley's controversial Likia settlement Scheme. The scheme was rocked by violent clashes two months ago. Close to 1,600 acres will revert to forest land and 471 deeds will be cancelled. ‘It’s a massive cover-up’ EAST AFRICAN STANDARD (12. Dec. 2004)

62. German South West Africa --  Encyclopædia Britannica German South West africa a former German colony (1884–1919) that is now the the indigenous peoples, whether living in states or smallscale societies. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036573

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents German South West Africa Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products German South West Africa Page 1 of 1 German German South West Africa... (75 of 318 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "German South West Africa." http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036573

63. Maasai - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The Maasai or masai, an indigenous African tribe of seminomadic people locatedprimarily in Kenya and northern Tanzania, are probably one of the most http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai

Maasai From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A Maasai tribesman The Maasai or Masai , an indigenous African tribe of semi- nomadic people located primarily in Kenya and northern Tanzania , are probably one of the most familiar tribes of East Africa . Despite the growth of modern civilisation, the Maasai have largely managed to stay out of the mainstream and maintain their traditional ways, although this becomes more challenging each year. Contents Demography Identity Culture See also ... edit Demography The estimated total population of the Maasai people is about 900,000, with about 350,000-453,000 Maasai living in Kenya. The accuracy of these statistics is in question, however, due to the inefficiencies of government census in the region. edit Identity The Maasai are part of the Nilotic family of African tribal groups, and probably migrated from the Nile valley in Sudan to central and south-western Kenya and northern Tanzania sometime after AD, bringing their domesticated cattle with them. The Maasai speak the Maasai language , an Eastern Nilotic language closely related to Samburu (or Sampur), the language of the

64. Voices From Africa Voices from africa. This series of publications, with one edition published Carrere, R., Kenyan indigenous People Battle to Save Sacred Forest, 1994. http://www.unsystem.org/ngls/documents/publications.en/voices.africa/number6/vfa

Number 6: Sustainable Development Part 2 Contents: INTRODUCTION AUTHORS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING IN ZAMBIA ... THE POOR PARTNERS' ATTITUDES TO TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN AFRICA ECOTOURISM: SUICIDE OR DEVELOPMENT? by Ole Kamuaro The trend towards the commercialization of tourism schemes disguised as sustainable, nature-based, environmentally friendly ecotourism ventures has become the subject of considerable public controversy and concern. These schemes may have serious impacts on nature and society, particularly in the South. This so-called ecotourism has become the fastest growing sub-sector of the tourist industry, with an annual growth rate of 10-15% worldwide. At the same time, international tourism to the Third World is rapidly increasing by 6% per year, compared to growth in developed countries of only 3.5%. At present, 20% of international tourists travel to southern countries. Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa reap significant economic benefits from these commercial ventures. But the negative psycho-social impact of this type of tourism;including physical displacement of persons and gross violation of fundamental rights;far outweigh its intended medium-term economic benefits.

65. African Languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 Tonality is a common feature of indigenous African languages. The Nilotictongues include Shilluk, Dinka, Nuer, masai, Turkana, Nandi, and Suk. http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africanlng.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. African languages geographic rather than linguistic classification of languages spoken on the African continent. Historically the term refers to the languages of sub-Saharan Africa, which do not belong to a single family, but are divided among several distinct linguistic stocks. It is estimated that more than 800 languages are spoken in Africa; however, they belong to comparatively few language families. Some 50 African languages have more than half a million speakers each, but many others are spoken by relatively few people. Tonality is a common feature of indigenous African languages. There are usually two or three tones (based on pitch levels rather than the rising and falling in inflections of Chinese tones) used to indicate semantic or grammatical distinction.

66. 'Just World News' By Helena Cobban: VISITING WITH THE MASAI in the nottoo-distant past, treated the indigenous people of this part ofthe world, (1) It s the way that most of the masai people get around. http://justworldnews.org/archives/000155.html

'Just World News' by Helena Cobban Info, analysis, discussion to build a more just world JWN front page VISITING WITH THE MASAI VISITING WITH THE MASAI: Since I'm here in Arusha alone, I was looking for a good day-hike I could sign up with for yesterday, Sunday. Luckily, in the Tanzania Tourism Board office in town I found something much better: a "cultural tourism program" in the nearby Masai (Wa-arusha) village of Ilkiding'a.. What's more, on the brochure it said there was an option to walk to the starting point from the city. So I signed up. The TTB person said my guide would come and pick me up from the hotel. I was waiting to see if someone in full-scale red-and-blue Masai robesperhaps with the elaborately braided and decorated hair that I had seen on several Masai men around town would walk into the hotel lobby. But no. Jeremiah, when he came, was wearing jeans, tee-shirt, and sneakers. The main thing that stood out about him was his loping, loose-limbed walk. I should have realised: these people really know how to walk. They do it, after all, nearly all the time: up and down the foothills of Mount Meru where their villages lie, and where wheeled vehicles only rarely penetrate.

67. 'Just World News' By Helena Cobban: Africa Archives For millions of people in southern and central africa, April 1994 was a verymomentous month; (1) It s the way that most of the masai people get around. http://justworldnews.org/archives/cat_africa.html

'Just World News' by Helena Cobban Info, analysis, discussion to build a more just world Caroline Elkins' Mau Mau book, contd. On Sunday, I wrote how much I was learning from a book about Britain's shockingly repressive end-of-empire counter-insurgency in Kenya, Caroline Elkins's Imperial Reckoning . One commenter noted there had later been a letter to the NY Review of Books that had questioned some of Elkins' use of her sources. Today, by chance I picked up an old issue of the NYRB, and there was the letter . It was from David Elstein, who is not a historian of Africa or even, it seems, any kind of expert on matters African. He's a TV producer. His main criticism was with, as he wrote, the fact that, "She suggests 'hundreds of thousands' of Kikuyu died at British hands—perhaps 300,000." (Actually, she did not directly write that. She looked at the census records and noted p.366 that, "If the Kikuyu population figure in 1962 is adjusted using growth rates comparable to other [Kenyan] Africans, we find that somewhere between 130,000 and 300,000 Kikuyu are accounted for." She also quotes, without endorsing, a claim by an Asian-Kenyan attorney who had represented thousands of detainees thaas saying that, By the end I would say there were several hundred thousand killed... One hundred thousand easily, though more like two to three hundred thousand. All these people just never came back when it was over." Her own judgments were that the British counter-insurgency campaign in Kenya, "left tens of thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands dead" (p. xvi); and elsewhere that, "at the very least it is safe to assume that the official [british] figure of some eleven thousand Mau Mau killed is implausible given all that has been discovered."(p.366))

68. Speeches November 2002 - International Conference Of The International Alliance I would like to express my gratitude and thanks to the masai for giving us such a That cultural and indigenous diversity is an investment in all of our http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.Print.asp?DocumentID=273&Arti

69. Masai Mara Wildlife Safari. World's Best Responsible & Ecotourism Holidays masai Mara wildlife safari. A stunning camp in the masai Mara from and learnfrom the African wilderness, to cooperate with indigenous people and to http://www.responsibletravel.com/Trip/Trip101399.htm

Adventure holidays Beach holidays Budget travel Cultural holidays ... S-Z Masai Mara wildlife safari See more... Country: Kenya Price: $1918 for two people sharing plus private Land Rover for the whole period. Or $1450 for people sharing with shared animal viewing drive twice daily on a shared basis with 2 others (excl flights). Plus the cost of flights and transfers from the airstrip (possible cost is about US$250 pp). Our camp in the Maasai Mara is probably your best option if you wish to see the African wildlife whilst doing as little damage to the environment as is possible. This is certainly one of the most environmentally sound camps in East Africa. Both electricity and hot water are generated using solar power. All the waste water from the tents is used to irrigate the nearby trees and all the kitchen waste is separated and composted. Stay in the one camp for a number of days, with options to walk with Maasai guides or drive to view the wildlife. This is a camp particularly designed foradventurers, nature-lovers, hobby-naturalists and photographers.It is for those who enjoy the feeling of beingwithin and part of the wilderness they have come toobserve, but who still enjoy the luxury of a hot shower,excellent meals, and a comfortable bed. The exceptional game-viewing opportunities and special campsite atmosphere provide the essence of this camp's charm. When the African night closes in, you are enfolded by the scents and sounds of the tropical darkness - the deep-throated roar of the lions, the laughter of the hyena, the crackling ofa bonfire, and the entertaining chatter of the baboons.

70. Top 10 Reasons To Visit Kenya - Safari - Beach - Adventure Tours - Africa An african experience that is run by indigenous people of africa in a environmentwhere your stay is at accommodations built by indigenous people of africa, http://www.africanmeccasafaris.com/kenyawhyvisit.asp

Choose Language... English Francais Italiano Espanol Deutsch Africa Travel Guide - Kenya Navigate Africa Travel Guide DESTINATION AT A GLANCE KENYA Overview Provinces Mountains, Hills, Plateaus.... Maps Interactive Gallery Books, Videos, Arts - Online Store Africa Loyalty Points (ALP) OTHER AFRICA DESTINATIONS Tanzania, Zanzibar...... PLAN YOUR AFRICAN TRIP WHILE YOU ARE HERE AFRICA CORPORATE TRAVEL Tell us about your African experience in Kenya - write a Kenya travel story or review Top 10 Reasons To Visit Kenya Kenya is a country which only needs three reasons to describe how beautiful it is and why it should be visited, which would inevitably make each and every discerning visitor reading this article want to partake in a true and genuine African experience. However, on the other hand we can only feel excited about the tourism opportunities and would like to share with our guests a little more than that. Visit Kenya For Its: Wildlife Watching and Nature Safaris: Lets begin with the word "Safari" used on a day-to-day basis when wanting to describe a wildlife related itinerary in Africa and even other parts of the world; the word stems from the Kiswahili or Swahili language, whose linguistic birth is in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania and Zanzibar), making the region an original and authentic African wildlife safari destination as rightfully described by the early European Hunters. Kenya is a country where nature has been exceedingly gracious. Within one country you can travel through lush green forests, deserts, equatorial rainforests, montane vegetation, mountains and witness thousands of wildlife, birdlife and insectlife species being supported and sustained within the respective ecology. Furthermore and coincidently, Kenya also boasts the big five wildlife above the ground as well as the big five below the Indian Ocean waters.

71. Jungle Photos Africa Links - Conservation Sites Junglephotos africa links to conservation websites. and groups around theworld who support the rights of the Ogiek, an indigenous people in Kenya. http://www.junglephotos.com/africa/aflinks/afconservation.shtml

AFRICA CONSERVATION LINKS Here are links to conservation-related websites about Africa. Websites are arranged in four categories and thereafter listed alphabetically. Please contact us if you find a broken link. Click below for the conservation links: GENERAL CONSERVATION ANIMALS PLANTS CULTURAL HERITAGE ... MALAWI GENERAL CONSERVATION AFRICAN BLACKWOOD CONSERVATION PROJECT (JUN '04) http://www.blackwoodconservation.org/ Blackwood is related to ebony. This organization aims to replenish this valuable tree in Tanzania. AFRICAN CONSERVATION FOUNDATION (JUN '04) http://www.africanconservation.org/ In-depth information from project network as well as conservation databases, interactive knowledge base and discussion forums and many other resources. Provide back-up and support to conservation groups and projects around Africa which protect the indigenous species and habitats of this continent. AFRICAN CONSERVATION CENTRE (JUN '04) http://www.conservationafrica.org/ A regionally focused conservation organisation based in Nairobi, Kenya dedicated to the conservation of biological resources. AFRICAN CONSERVATION EXPERIENCE (JUN '04) http://www.conservationafrica.net/

72. OctDec2002 - Page 2 Of 13 with indigenous peoples. organizations and communities African People forthe hospitality. extended to him during his stay in. their beautiful country. http://www.uctp.org/Volume5/OctDec2002/index2.html

2 of 13 VOLUME 5, ISSUSE 4 OCT. DECEMBER 200 During the parallel events and workshops scheduled, Mr. Borrero had the opportunity to make several interventions. In a meeting organized by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), he questioned the IFAD representative on United Nations Partnerships with Indigenous Peoples organizations and communities governments. Earth Summit. From left to right, Elder Daniel Salau Rogei. Borrero also attended a number of special receptions, one being the edition of BIODIVERSITY: The Caribbean Indigenous Peoples should be happy to note that this publication included an article focusing on the Taino Community of Cuba, Words of a Cacique Panchito Ramirez (interpreted by highlighting a national park in French Holistic Approaches Are Needed Besides his participation within and spiritual activities, Mr. Borrero was also able to view the impact of HIV/AIDS on some of the local population. This interaction was accomplished as a result of his participation in an initiative of the Temple of Understanding (in association with the Tribal Link Foundation), which provided food

73. Exhibit Elephantidae, Loxodonta africana, African elephant, 0.3 real African MasaiMara Reserve and the role to be played by indigenous peoples in conservation. http://www.zoolex.org/zoolexcgi/view.py?id=51

74. Africa People Going Green People, Politics and the Environment in South africa. Cape Town,South africa The Lonely Lioness and the Ostrich Chicks A masai Tale. http://www.calacademy.org/research/library/biodiv/biblio/afcul-update.htm

African People Bibliography CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LIBRARY World Wide Web WWW for Kids Books Children's Books ... Periodicals WORLD WIDE WEB Africa Online http://www.africaonline.com Gateway to news and information about Africa. African Peoples Resources http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people.html Site provides information about peoples in Africa such as language, art, economy etc. Africa Research Central http://www.africa-research.org/mainframe.html Database allows you to locate primary source repositories in Africa. Africa: South of the Sahara http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/guide.html Information about Africa by country/region and topics. African Studies at Penn http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/AS.html Contributes to understanding of continent's social, political and economic systems. African Web Links http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Home_Page/WWW_Links.html Annotated links on Africa by topic. Country-Specific Pages http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Home_Page/Country.html

75. Unasylva - No. 186 - Forest - Dependent People - Beyond "participation": Indigen It is a concept alien to many indigenous peoples. For example. African people,African parks. An evaluation of development initiatives as a means of http://www.fao.org/docrep/w1033e/w1033e08.htm

Beyond "participation": indigenous peoples, biological diversity conservation and protected area management M. Colchester Marcus Colchester is Director of the Forest Peoples Programme of the World Rain forest Movement. Chadlington, United Kingdoms Attempts to involve local communities in protected area management usually fail when initiated and directed by outsiders. This article focuses on some of The fundamental issues related to indigenous peoples and natural resource conservation. Western concepts of humankind's place in nature underlie the premises of wilderness conservation and present obstacles to indigenous residents. Imposed conservationist visions have led to forced relocation, impoverishment, human rights abuse and a breakdown of traditional systems of resource management. Conservation organizations are adopting new policies for working with indigenous peoples but, at the same time, top-down conservation and global environmental management by large development agencies threaten to reverse this progress. Conservationists need to develop new means of accountability to ensure that indigenous peoples' needs and rights are respected. Classical conservation The roots of conservation lie very deep in historical views of humankind's place in nature. However, whereas in recent years there has been an increasing acceptance of the value of indigenous knowledge systems as providing effective means of regulating human interaction with the environment, there has been much less scrutiny of the degree to which "scientific" notions of nature conservation have been shaped by Western cultural traditions and political economies.

76. EcoWorld's 2005 Eco-Travel Survey “The indigenous people benefit in a couple of ways,” continues Burke, “First of all, The camp is owned by the local masai herdsmen and while here, http://www.ecoworld.org/Home/Articles2.cfm?TID=357

77. Africa Environment And Conservation On The Internet Ogiek Welfare Council (Nairobi, Kenya) The Ogiek, an indigenous people living in Uganda Forestry Resources and Institutions Center, africa indigenous http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/eco.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: Environment See also: Environmental History South Africa Environment Africa Files Reprints articles (on AIDS, ecology, gender, NEPAD, youth, human rights, etc.) from the web such as Inter Press Service and AllAfrica.com stories plus original in-depth articles by its editors and others. . "a network of people committed to Africa through its promotion of human rights, economic justice, African perspectives and alternative analyses." The volunteer network included members of the former "Toronto Committee for the Liberation of Southern Africa (TCLSAC) which,... published the Southern Africa Report (SAR)." Based in Toronto, Canada. [KF] http://www.africafiles.org/ Africa Water Page Part of the Water Page . Founded by South African civil engineer/consultant, Leonard Abrams "dedicated to the water sector in Africa. Issues addressed include water policy, water resource management, water supply and environmental sanitation, water conservation and demand management, and a variety of other issues." Has full-text documents (govt. white papers, articles, etc.) http://wn.apc.org/afwater/index.htm Africam Reqires free registration to access. Was a virtual game preserve which closed down. Read the first part of the webcam's rise videoing live from waterholes in the Djuma Game Reserve (South Africa). The site hopes to reappear. In the meantime Djuma operates two Web cams at

78. Asheville Global Report Online the discrimination and rights violations affecting Kenya’s indigenous Masaipeople, Last February a coalition of Mexico’s indigenous peoples, http://www.agrnews.org/issues/138/

No. 138, Sept. 6-12, 2001 FRONT PAGE COMMENTARY LETTERS NATIONAL ... Contact Earth First! groups blockade Tennessee Dept. of Transportation Two women chained inside a car help other Earth First! members blockade the entrance to the Tennessee Department of Transportation (T-DOT), in Strawberry Plains, Tennessee, Aug. 27, 2001. By Ela and Leslie Ware Knoxville, Tennessee, Aug. 27— Today, in front of the Strawberry Plains Regional Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) Headquarters, approximately 18 activists from Earth First! formed a blockade as part of an ongoing campaign to stop the building and expansion of Tennessee roads. According to activist Vesna Plakanis (Gatlinburg, TN), if Tennessee linked all of its roads end to end, they could circle the earth three times. TDOT’s web site boasts that Tennessee is home to more roads per capita than any other state in the country. For Tennessee more roads means increased air pollution and environmental destruction, as well as budget cuts to public service programs such as education. According to protesters, State department budgets have been slashed across the board while TDOT’s budget remains untouched, as it has for years. Activists reported that Tennessee ranks 45th in education funding and third in air pollution. Meanwhile TDOT is spending $36 million to expand 2.6 miles of Highway 321 (between Gatlinburg and Cosby), when typically $4 million is spent per mile.

79. On Safari With The Experts - Destinations - Times Online AT the airstrip, in the heart of the masai Mara game reserve in Kenya, of the indigenous people,” he says, “and safeguard the area for ecotourism.” http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,10325-973468,00.html

NI_IFRAME('Top'); ARCHIVE CLASSIFIED SHOPPING PROMOTIONS ... WEATHER Search Times Online Search Travel DESTINATIONS Mediterranean Europe France ... Middle East TRAVEL Home Best of 2005 Destinations Britain ... Business Travel TIMES ONLINE Home Britain World Business ... Site Map SPECIAL REPORTS Management Issues Making Skills Work European Cities Arts Power 100 ... Other Africa January 24, 2004 On safari with the experts A new generation of Masai safari guides is growing up in Kenya, and their expertise can lead to memorable encounters with cheetah and other big game, reports Brian Jackman A close encounter for the Jackman group AT the airstrip, in the heart of the Masai Mara game reserve in Kenya, a fleet of safari vehicles is lined up, waiting to take incoming visitors to their camps and lodges. Although the Mara is a national reserve, the land belongs to the Masai, a tribe of pastoralists whose livestock have traditionally co-existed with the migratory herds of East African plains game. Wrapped in scarlet shukas , adorned with beads and with their ochre dreadlocks, the Masai moran NI_MPU('middle');

80. MSN Encarta - Africa In Tanzania, the masai and Arusha speak the same language, but those who herd Converts were quickly won in northwestern africa, where many people saw http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572628_16/Africa.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items African Art and Architecture African Languages more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Africa Search for books and more related to Africa Encarta Search Search Encarta about Africa Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Africa ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 16 of 36 Africa Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 161 items Dynamic Map Map of Africa Article Outline Introduction Natural Environment People of Africa Economy ... History B Formation of Ethnic Identities If ethnicity is considered synonymous with how people are identified, both by themselves and others, then throughout Africa, language serves as its primary marker. Language links people to a specific place of origin, which, in turn, signals a shared cultural history. In South Africa, for example, the Zulu and Xhosa speak languages that are almost identical, but the minor differences are enough for people to make the distinction between the two groups. This is important to their sense of identity because the Zulu and Xhosa have followed very different paths over the last several centuries of history. Some peoples have even deeper roots. The Songhai identity existed even before the group ruled a vast West African empire in the 15th and 16th centuries. By way of contrast, the ethnic identities of many other peoples are more recent and often derive largely from external sources. The Gogo of central Tanzania are a case in point. In the mid-19th century they lived in many small clan-based chiefdoms that had no sense of being part of a wider Gogo group, even though they shared the same language. However, the phrase “gogo” was a part of several of the clans’ names, and their Nyamwezi neighbors picked up on this as a way to refer to all of them. When Arab and Swahili traders arrived in the area in the mid-19th century, they adopted this designation and passed it along to the first Europeans to enter the area. Because of repeated use, the name

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