21. Africa In Sight - Search For Country Comparisons and the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Liberia, indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, http://www.africainsight.org/create_report_2.php?ids[]=ethnic_groups

22. The Lightspan Network - Sw indigenous peoples Index. Aborigines of Australia General Resources Hmong Chile EcuadorGeneral Resources peoples of the MambweLungu Mande mangbetu Manja Masai http://www.lightspan.com/common/studyweb/sw.asp?target=http://www.studyweb.com/H

23. Resources On The Mangbetu mangbetu (African People) mangbetu (African People), Masaka Masaka, Yoruba (African indigenous West African women. ca. mangbetu woman with http://www.mongabay.com/indigenous_ethnicities/african/Mangbetu.html

Mangbetu Indigenous Ethnicities index Home People African ... Contact Mangbetu Web resources african indigenous people bamana Africa, African Anthropology - General Resources. ... Kwahu Kwere Laka Lega Lobi Luba SIRIS Image Gallery Mangbetu (African People) Mangbetu (African People), Masaka Masaka, ... Yoruba (African African Environmental History The video clip shows a traditional Mangbetu dance. ... knowledge and the role of indigenous Science and Scientists in Africa ...org/research/herpetology/frogs/ African Indigenous Science and ... clip shows a traditional African-weapons ...as has often been pointed out, no indigenous African language contain a ... To buy African african art, real antiques shop, gifts. Discuss tribes, masks ... A $265 million museum devoted to the indigenous art of the Americas, Africa, Asia Africa ...and Dagomba (the two major African languages in ... Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other Ethnicity and Race by Countries ...tribes—Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic ... Venezuela, In the Mangbetu society, the uniform rules allowed the ... the revelation in a new book

24. Ethnomathematics Digital Library (EDL) African fractals in development indigenous science for education and development Cultural group African, African American, Bamana (Senegal), mangbetu http://www.ethnomath.org/search/browseResources.asp?type=cultural&id=47

25. Ethnomathematics Digital Library (EDL) lesson plans, and indigenous games, including “Games from the Aboriginal People of Cultural group African, African American, Bamana (Senegal), mangbetu http://www.ethnomath.org/search/browseResources.asp?type=subject&id=417

26. Central Africa, 1800-1900 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Muse In western Central africa, heightened demand for local african products such as 1800–1870 Increasing pressure from Bamum, Chamba, and Fulani peoples in http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/10/sfc/ht10sfc.htm

Encompasses Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Cabinda, and Angola See also Eastern Africa Guinea Coast Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan The British ban on the international slave trade and the development of Arab-Swahili caravan routes from eastern Africa shifts the trade in slaves to the east. In western Central Africa, heightened demand for local African products such as ivory, wax, and rubber allows previously subjugated or isolated peoples such as the Chokwe to rise to economic prominence and displace traditional powers such as the far-flung Lunda and Luba states . Further east, the Arab-Swahili trade also deprives these polities of the trade on which they are dependent. The emergence of numerous small-scale chiefdoms results in the production of new forms of ornate and luxurious courtly arts across Central Africa. Elsewhere, extended periods of migration in present-day Gabon and political consolidation in modern Cameroon lead to the development of new forms of funerary and courtly art. The European partition of Africa in 1884 provides state support for German, Belgian, English, and Portuguese expeditions into Central Africa that supply newly created ethnographic museums and geographic societies with specimens of material culture from the region.

27. Photographs Of Africa | Picture Africa Photographing People in Southern africa, 1860 to 1999, Conference, South africanMuseum, Cape Town, The video clip shows a traditional mangbetu dance. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/photographs.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: Photographs See also: Country Pages Art Section Contemporary Photographs Historical Photographs Contemporary Photographs Africa 05 "the biggest celebration of African culture ever organised in Britain, including visual arts , cinema, literature, history, music , craft, and performing arts." Has photograph exhibits. Africa 05 is a partnership of the Arts Council, the British Museum and the South Bank Centre. Site by the British Broadcasting Corp. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcafrica/africa05/ Africa Focus: Sights and Sounds of a Continent "visual images and sounds of Africa contributed over the years to the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison ..." "more than 3000 slides, 500 photographs, and 50 hours of sound from forty-five different countries." Locate photos by topic, country, keyword. http://africafocus.library.wisc.edu/ AfricaGuide.com - Photo Library

28. Eglash's African Fractals african Fractals Modern Computing and indigenous Design While visiting theMangbetu society in central africa, he studied the tradition of using http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/special/eglash.african.fractals.html

African Fractals: Modern Computing and Indigenous Design by Dr. Ron Eglash http://www.rpi.edu/~eglash/eglash.htm The mathematical operation is called addition modulo 2, which simply gives the remainder after division by two. But in this case, the two "words" produced by the priest, each consisting of four odd or even strokes, become the input for a new round of addition modulo 2. In other words, it's a pseudo random-number generator, the same thing computers do when they produce random numbers. It's also a numerical feedback loop, just as fractals are generated by a geometric feedback loop. "Here is this absolutely astonishing numerical feedback loop, which is indigenous," said Eglash. "So you can see the concepts of fractal geometry resonate throughout many facets of African culture." Lawrence Shirley, chairman of the mathematics department at Towson (Md.) University, lived in Nigeria for 15 years and taught at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria. He said he's impressed with Eglash's observations of fractal geometry in Africa. "When Europeans first came to Africa, they considered the architecture very disorganized and thus primitive. It never occurred to them that the Africans might have been using a form of mathematics that they hadn't even discovered yet." Eglash said educators also need to rethink the way in which disciplines like African studies have tended to skip over mathematics and related areas.

29. CIA -- The World Factbook 2000 -- Ethnic Groups and the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2000/fields/ethnic_groups.html

[Field Listing] The World Factbook Home] Ethnic groups (Country profile category: People) Afghanistan: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania: Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians) (1989 est.) note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization) Algeria: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% American Samoa: Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% Andorra: Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) Angola: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Anguilla: black Antigua and Barbuda: black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian Argentina: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo, Amerindian, or other nonwhite groups 3% Armenia: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia

30. Ninemsn Encarta - Search View - African Art And Architecture African Art and Architecture, the art and architecture of the peoples of the African The mangbetu and Azande inhabit the northeastern corner of the http://au.encarta.msn.com/text_761574805__1/African_Art_and_Architecture.html

Search View African Art and Architecture Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a keyword in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. African Art and Architecture I. Introduction African Art and Architecture , the art and architecture of the peoples of the African continent, from prehistoric times to the 21st century. II. Origins and Sources Art in Africa has found expression in a range of media from architecture, sculpture, and pottery, to music, dance, textiles, body adornment, and epic poetry. Each of these has its own complex and in many cases unresearched local history of stylistic development. griots, or bards. The combination of these various sources, together with inferences drawn from late 19th- and 20th-century data, has allowed scholars to identify what appear to be some of the major building blocks of a history of art in each of the regions of sub-Saharan Africa, but it is clear that many questions remain to be answered. An African response to the earliest European presence in West Africa is apparent in the depiction of European merchants and soldiers in the cast brass plaques made in the 16th century in Benin, as well as the finely carved ivory salt cellars and hunting horns brought back by sailors from Kongo, Benin, and the coast of Sierra Leone. Increasing European involvement on the African continent over the following centuries has had a far-reaching impact that continues to be felt today. It would, however, be a denial of the creative agency of African artistic responses to changing circumstances to see this impact as wholly negative.

31. African Masks African peoples often symbolize death by the colour white rather than Having conquered the indigenous peoples, the Lunda gradually assimilated with them http://www.vub.ac.be/BIBLIO/nieuwenhuysen/african-art/african-art-collection-mas

Pictures / photos / images of some MASKS and headdresses in the African tribal, antique, ritual, ethnographic, classical, "primitive" art collection (of variable age, artistic quality, and degree of authenticity) Many African societies see masks as mediators between the living world and the supernatural world of the dead, ancestors and other entities. Masks became and still become the attribute of a dressed up dancer who gave it life and word at the time of ceremonies. In producing a mask, a sculptor's aim is to depict a person's psychological and moral characteristics, rather than provide a portrait. The sculptor begins by cutting a piece of wood and leaving it to dry in the sun; if it cracks, it cannot be used for a mask. African sculptors see wood as a complex living material and believe each piece can add its own feature to their work. Having made certain the wood is suitable, the sculptor begins, using an azde to carve the main features, a chisel to work on details and a rough leaf to sand the piece. He then paints the mask with pigments such as charcoal (to give a black colour), powders made from vegetable matter or trees (for ochre/earth tones) or mineral powders like clay (to give a white colour).

32. Black History Most of these Central African peoples construct granaries, With the Westernizingof African cities, much indigenous architecture has been lost, http://www.britannica.com/Blackhistory/article.do?nKeyValue=384737

33. Book Reviews Mande Potters Leatherworkers Art and Heritage in West africa This impressivestudy approaches two crafts among the Mande peoples of West africa. http://www.tribalarts.com/review/review_su98.html

Current Reviews Previous Reviews Summer 1998 TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... GALLERIES Art and Heritage in West Africa By Barbara E. Frank. Published in English by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 1998. Hardcover; $45. T his impressive study approaches two crafts among the Mande peoples of West Africa. Here, pottery making is an exclusively female pursuit, while leatherworking is dominated by males. The author explores the two in depth, producing a valuable contribution to the scholarship of West African culture and, at the same time, demonstrating how craft technology in addition to artistic style is essential for reconstructing and comprehending the artistic heritage of a culturally complex region. In examining the roles of these craftspeople in the rise and fall of empires, the development of trans-Saharan trade networks, and the spread of Islam, the author brings into question the "one-tribe, one-style" interpretations that have dominated studies of West African art. back Native Paths: American Indian Art from the Collection of Charles and Valerie Diker Edited by Alan Wardwell.

34. Book Reviews It would be difficult to forget the fascinating book africa and the One chapteris devoted to the contemporary arts of these peoples but the authors are http://www.tribalarts.com/review/autumn2001.html

Current Reviews Previous Reviews Summer/Autumn 2001 TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... CALENDAR BOOKS ABOUT TRIBAL ARTS MAGAZINE INDEX SUBSCRIBE GALLERIES A WORLD OF EARRINGS, AFRICA, ASIA, AMERICA By Anne van Cutsem Published in English, French, German, and Italian by Skira Editions, Milan, 2001 Format: 24 x 28 cm, 359 pp., 285 color and B/W illustrations Hardcover: 60Eu Captions describe materials, size, and function, and an index and glossary supply additional information.This book will be followed by a volume on bracelets. back ARTS PRÉCOLOMBIENS DE L'AMÉRIQUE CENTRALE.NICARAGUA, COSTA RICA ET PANAMÁ

35. Race And Ethnicity Blood Type Analysis - BloodBook.com, Blood Information For Li BLOOD TYPES OF RACE ETHNIC peoples BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS TEST RESULTS OF Liberia, indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, http://www.bloodbook.com/race-eth.html

RACE and ETHNIC BLOOD TYPE ANALYSIS BLOODBOOK.COM TO HOME PAGE CLOSE WINDOW Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Blood Types African American Black Blood Donor Emergency COUNTRY RACIAL and/or ETHNIC ANALYSIS of PEOPLE GROUPS Afghanistan Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3% Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian (see Barbuda) Argentina European 97% (mostly of Spanish and Italian descent), 3% other (mostly Indian or Mestizo) Armenia Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) Note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia Australia Caucasian 95%, Asian 4%, aboriginal (353,000) and other 1%

36. Africa Ethnic groups indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru,Grebo, Head of Government Secretary of the General People s Committee http://library.thinkquest.org/18401/text/africa.html

Africa Click on the first letter of the country you would like to learn about... A B C D ... Z Algeria Chief of State: President Liamine Zeroual Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Government type: Republic National capital: Algiers Total Area: 2,381,740 sq km Population: 29,830,370 (July 1997 est.) Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Religions: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1% Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects GDP: purchasing power parity - $115.9 billion (1996 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 4% (1996 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $4,000 (1996 est.) Angola Chief of State: President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos Head of Government: Prime Minister Fernando Jose de Franca Vieira Dias Van Dunem Government type: Transitional Government, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system National capital: Luanda Total Area: 1,246,700 sq km Population: 10,548,847 (July 1997 est.) Ethnic groups: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Religions: indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (est.)

37. Mission D.R. Congo Africa Population Over 56 million people. Ethnic Groups Over 200 African ethnic and indigenous beliefs 10%. This means over 44 Million People Need Christ! http://home.earthlink.net/~topastorjohn/sogi/id26.html

Shepherds Of Grace International Mission D.R. Congo Africa Home Contact Us Mission Statement Short-Term Mission Trips ... Donation Information The Time Is Now.... Let us reach the D.R. Congo for Jesus! D.R. Congo District Overseer Bishop Isaac Umba and wife Assy Bishop Isaac Umba is the Overseer of the Ministry work in the D.R Congo. Including Bishop Umba, there are ten pastor's under our Shepherds Of Grace International Ministry in Congo. These Pastors operate under the supervision of Bishop Umba, for the Glory of God. Many other churches could be planted right away if we had more financial support for this ministry effort. D.R. Congo Church Needs (click here for list of financial needs) One of the local Church buildings Baptism Local Church Family One of the Local Churches Church in Lubumbashi Click here for our: Congo Conference 2004 Report Congo Conference 2003 Report D.R. Congo Population: Over 56 million people Ethnic Groups: Over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population

38. Winne.com - Report On Congo DRC, Paving The Reconstruction Equatorial africa has been inhabited since at least the middle Stone Age. 10000 BC and remained viable until the arrival of Bantuspeaking peoples http://www.winne.com/congo/bf08.html

Search by Region document.write(messageDate); CONGO ( DRC) paving the reconstruction Geography Figures The Congo River Kinshasa ... Transport People Languages Congo beliefs Unique flavours Music ... Usefull Facts PEOPLE We had the chance and the privilege to share part of our lives with Congolese and we will never forget the values of simplicity and plainness of this people and, over all, their warm, open and bright smiles. HUMAN ORIGINS Equatorial Africa has been inhabited since at least the middle Stone Age. Late Stone Age cultures flourished in the southern savanna after ca. 10,000 B.C. and remained viable until the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples during the first millennium B.C. Evidence suggests that these Stone Age populations lived in small groups, relying for subsistence on hunting and gathering. Some of these groups may have remained long enough in one vicinity to be considered permanent residents, but others moved, following game along the extensive river network and through the rainforest. The development of food-producing communities in Equatorial Africa is associated with the expansion of Bantu speaking peoples. In a long series of migrations beginning ca. 1,000 B.C. and lasting well into the mid-first millennium A.D., Bantu speakers dispersed from a point west of the Ubangi-congo River swamp across the forests and savannas of modern DRC. A northern group moved northeastward around the swamp and across the northern regions of DRC and settled in the forest zone. Meanwhile, other groups moved south and southwest, the former then migrating up the congo as well as into the inner part of the congo basin, while the southwestern Bantu speakers spread into modern Gabon, Congo, and lower DRC.

39. POME 11 Analyzes an ivory hat pin from the mangbetu (northeastern Zaire / Congo) and South African Resource Centre for indigenous Knowledge alwyn@aztec.co.za http://www.ex.ac.uk/~PErnest/pome11/art14.htm

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION JOURNAL 11 (1999) AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-20 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) Treasurer: Salimata Doumbia (Côte d'Ivoire) Members: Kgomotso Garegae-Garekwe (Botswana), Maassouma Kazim (Egypt), Cornelio Abungu (Kenya), Ahmedou Haouba (Mauritania), Mohamed Aballagh (Morocco), Ruben Ayeni (Nigeria), Abdoulaye Kane (Senegal), David Mosimege (South Africa), Mohamed Souissi (Tunisia), David Mtwetwa (Zimbabwe) Universidade Pedagógica (UP), Maputo (Mozambique), 25.08.1998 1. OBJECTIVES The African Mathematical Union Commission on the History of Mathematics in Africa (AMUCHMA), formed in 1986, has the following objectives: a. to improve communication among those interested in the history of mathematics in Africa; b. to promote active cooperation between historians, mathematicians, archaeologists, ethnographers, sociologists, etc., doing research in, or related to, the history of mathematics in Africa; c. to promote research in the history of mathematics in Africa, and the publication of its results, in order to contribute to the demystification of the still-dominant Eurocentric bias in the historiography of mathematics;

40. ENC Online: Curriculum Resources: Browse: Mathematics> Instructional Issues> Cul Topics include African fractals in a mangbetu ivory sculpture, African Americantransformational Perspectives on indigenous people of North America http://www.enc.org/resources/browse/0,,0-100-296-3898_1_0-0-0,00.shtm

Skip Navigation You Are Here ENC Home Curriculum Resources Browse Search the Site More Options Don't lose access to ENC's web site! Beginning in August, goENC.com will showcase the best of ENC Online combined with useful new tools to save you time. Take action todaypurchase a school subscription through goENC.com Classroom Calendar Digital Dozen ENC Focus ... Ask ENC Explore online lesson plans, student activities, and teacher learning tools. Search Browse Frequently Asked Questions Resource of the Day ... About Curriculum Resources Read articles about inquiry, equity, and other key topics for educators and parents. Create your learning plan, read the standards, and find tips for getting grants. 65 Records Sorted by Date Use these menus to limit browse results using specific criteria Grade: All Grade Levels Pre-K to 2 3 to 5 6 to 8 9 to 12 Post Sec. Media Type: All Media Types Only Web Sites Excluding Web Sites Cost: All Costs Low Cost (Less than $50) Free Return to Subject Tree Modify using Advanced Search Ethnomathematics digital library (EDL) Featured in ENC Focus Date: Grade(s): K - Post Sec.

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