41. The Lightspan Network - Sw indigenous peoples Index. Aborigines of Australia General Resources Chile EcuadorGeneral Resources peoples of the Luvale Lwalwa Makonde mambila MambweLungu http://www.lightspan.com/common/studyweb/sw.asp?target=http://www.studyweb.com/H

42. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent the indigenous peoples resisted AmericoLiberian control, ProfessorGarfinkel visits the soothsayers ethnomethodology and mambila divination, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2004.00201.x

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43. African Studies: Education And Teaching Resources Geography, Maps, and Science African indigenous Science and take a broad view ofMambila, including other and action networks between the peoples and scholars http://128.59.59.214/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/teaching.html

CU Home Libraries Home Search Site Index ... Help Search Library Catalog: Title (start of title) Journal (start of title) Author (last, first) Keyword (and, or, not, "") Subject Go To CLIO >> Find Databases: Title Keywords Title (start of title) Keywords Go To Databases >> Find E-Journals: Title (start of title) Title Keywords Subject Keywords Go To E-Journals >> Search the Libraries Website: Go To Advanced Website Search >> About the Libraries Libraries Collections Digital Collections Hours Directions to Columbia Map of Campus Libraries More... Catalogs CLIO (Columbia's Online Catalog) Other Catalogs at CU and Nearby A-Z List of Library Catalogs Course Reserves More... E-Resources Citation Finder Databases E-Journals E-Books E-Data E-News E-Images Subject Guides More...

44. Useful Websites Internet Journal of African Studies (Articles on African Economic Issues) Colonization, Arabization, Slavery, and War Against indigenous peoples of http://homepages.isunet.net/dafarnham/africa/useful.htm

Useful Websites on Africa Contents African News Sources African Studies General Resources Individual Cultures ... Southern Africa African News Sources Contents Focus On Africa: BBC World Service Africa Daily CNN African News ... Africa-Confidential African Studies Contents General Resources Contents African Studies at the University of Pennsylvania Africa South of the Sahara: Stanford University UCLA Library Collections and Internet Resources in: African Studies ... Wajibu (Journal of African Custom and Tradition) Individual Cultures Contents Okavango Delta Peoples of Botswana Samburu (Kenya) Multimedia Ethnography !Kung San Page (Lawrence University, WI) ... Hadza Bibliography Social Organization Contents Sex, Marriage, and Family Contents Order of the Homestead and its Boundaries: The Duruma (Kenya) Concept of Homestead and Sexuality Niger Student Writing on Marriage, part 1 Niger Student Writing on Marriage, part 2 ... Azande: Childhood and Sexuality Kinship and Descent Contents Descent, Clans and Territorial Organization in the Tikar Chiefdom of Ngambe, Cameroon (David Price

45. Iatiku Newsletter Of The Foundation For Endangered Languages 4 indigenous peoples are critical to sustainability because their diverse, During fieldwork in the mambila region of Cameroon s Adamawa province in http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Philosophy/CTLL/FEL/i4/iat4.html

Iatiku Newsletter of the Foundation for Endangered Languages: # 4 Winter - 31 January 1997 Editor: Nicholas D. M. Ostler Published by: Foundation for Endangered Languages, Batheaston Villa, 172 Bailbrook Lane, Bath BA1 7AA, England e-mail: nostler@chibcha.demon.co.uk The Foundation for Endangered Languages is located at Dept of Philosophy, University of Bristol. Phone: +44/0 -1225-852865 Fax: +44/0 -1225-859258 Iatiku is the mother goddess of the Acoma tribe of New Mexico, who caused people to speak different languages so that it would not be so easy for them to quarrel 1. Guest Editorial 2. Development of the Foundation Committee Meetings 30th September 1966 at 10 Bears Hedge, Iffley, Oxford 7th December 1996 at Batheaston Villa, Bath . General Meeting 7th December 1996 at Batheaston Villa, Bath Abstract of Greville Corbett's "Language endangerment: a linguist's perspective" Conclusion of Darrell Posey's "Biological and Cultural Diversity - the Inextricable Linked by Language and Politics" 3. Appeals and News from Endangered Communities

46. Anthropology - Publications Anthropology RDF, 891kb RDF Zip, 71kb Bagg J, mambila demography from archival sources, 2000 Nuttall MA, Protecting theArctic indigenous peoples and Cultural Survival, 1998 http://www.hyphen.info/rdf/hero/37_ra2_rgroup.php

Anthropology - Publications Anthropology RDF RDF Zip People Publications ... BOTTOM 1200 Publication References Author Title Date Place of Publication ... Zeitlyn D Knowledge lost in information: patterns of use and non-use of networked bibliographic resources University of Kent at Canterbury Anthropology and Computing M David J Bex Zeitlyn D Cultural and technical networks: a qualitative approach University of Kent at Canterbury Anthropology and Computing J Bex M David Fischer MD The APFT content code system University of Kent at Canterbury Anthropology and Computing Oliver Kortendick David Zeitlyn Fischer MD Counting things and interpreting ideas: anthropological conventions in the use of 'hard' versus 'soft' models University of Kent at Canterbury Anthropology and Computing Bagg J Mambila demography from archival sources University of Kent at Canterbury Anthropology and Computing D Zeitlyn Bagg J Kinship. Marriage and Residence - a database approach University of Kent at Canterbury Anthropology and Computing Bagg J Modelling historical change in southern Corsica University of Kent at Canterbury Anthropology and Computing N Ryan Bagg J Making connections: exploring time, space and social relations in Quenza

47. Anthropology An Ithaca College Library Subject Guide indigenous peoples. reported in monographs and journal articles. To give you anidea of what is available, African Ancestors and mambila Riddles are http://www.ithaca.edu/library/biblio/anthrop.html

48. Africa-Related Links Worldwide - African Studies @ The University Of Wisconsin-M african Lives. Articles on the lives of african peoples presented by the WashingtonPost. africa s Science and indigenous Knowledge Systems http://africa.wisc.edu/links/big-list.htm

Africa-Related Links Worldwide African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Quick Site Guide Program Information Events Calendar Opportunities in African Studies Worldwide Outreach ... Return to ASP Home Africa News Abyz News Links - Africa - Newspapers and News Sources Addis Tribune Home Page Africa News Online Africa Online: Newsstand ... Barka da Zuwa . News from Nigeria. . Real Audio broadcast available. CNN Interactive - World Regions: Africa Daily Nation on the Web . Kenyan newspaper's website. The Daily News (Zimbabwe) Ghanaian Newsrunner The Guardian . Nigerian independent newspaper. Inkpot News Links: Africa Jornal de Angola Kiosken . Links to newspapers around the world. The Liberian Post Le Marabout - mensuel satirique africain MediaChannel Africa Mediacoop - Mozambican news. Mozambique News Mozambique News Agency (AIM) Nigeria Nexus United Nations Integrated Regional Information Networks ... Washingtonpost.com: Africa . Might require you answer a few anonymous questions. Zambian Post Zimbabwe Today Africa-Related Listservers' Homepages Af-Aids Archive AfrGrad-L Archives of Namaskar-Africana-L . East African Asian Diaspora. H-AfrArts Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page H-Afrlitcine Home Page H-AfrTeach , another of the H-Net lists. There has been little active discussion on the list to date but the site is structured to provide suggestions and model lesson plans, unit outlines, course syllabi, resource lists and bibliographies.

49. Extensive Pastoral Livestock Systems Many pastoral peoples in West africa seem relatively indifferent about controllingbreeding The indigenous livestock of eastern and southern africa. http://www.fao-kyokai.or.jp/edocuments/docement2.html

Extensive Pastoral Livestock Systems: Issues and options for the future prepared under the FAO-Japan Cooperative Project gCollection of Information on Animal Production and Healthh TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY Section I: SYSTEMS CONTEXT 1. Classification of pastoral systems worldwide 1.1 Overview 1.2 Pastoral species 1.3 Pastoral enterprises and movement 1.3.1 Nomadism 1.3.2 Transhumance 1.3.3 Agropastoralism 1.3.4 Enclosed systems and ranching 1.3.5 Pastoralism’s links with trade and warfare 1.4 Worldwide distribution of pastoralism 1.5 Pastoralism and rangeland ecology 1.6 Sources of information on pastoralism 1.7 The discourse of pastoralism 2. Pastoralism and the market 2.1 Selling pastoral products 2.2 Globalisation of the trade in livestock products 3. Meeting demand for protein: the role of pastoralism 3.1 Worldwide demand for protein 3.2 Evaluating productivity over time 4. The fate of pastoral populations and competing uses for rangelands SECTION II: Technology Options 1. Feeding and Nutrition 1.1 Rangelands: opportunistic use of patchy resources 1.2 Silvo-pastoral systems

50. ELandnet Africa/General/Language africa Language links to sources about unrepresented nations, indigenous peopleand national minorities. Afrika Taal links naar bronnen over naties http://www.elandnet.org/links/en/Africa/General/Language/index.shtml

51. Internet Links To Africa peoples of africa africa Focus Sights and Sonds of a Continuent from theUniversity of Wisconsin at Madison; OLATS/Virtual africa. http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/Africa.html

Peoples of Africa This page is designed for use of student in ANTH 3537/5537 Peoples of Africa to explore Africa on the net. I am continuing to update it as I discover new and interesting sites. Notices Check out Ellen Chamberlain's, Bare Bones 101: A Basic Tutorial on Searching the Web . Ellen is the head librarian at the University of South Carolina at Beaufort. Students are invited to attend the Conference of the National Asssocations of African American Studies, Hispanic and Latino Studies, Native Amercian Studies and the International Association of Asian Studies . February 21-26, 2000. Houston Marriott Westside, 13210 Katy Freeway. Sessions free to students with college ID. Dr. Clark's presentation " Santería Ritual Costumes: A Cross-Cultural Analysis" will be SESSION 201, 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm, Woodbine II, NAHLS. Student Presentations East African Witchcraft , Mary Cubberly Chinua Achebe, Mary Cubberly Photographs Smithsonian Museum African Art Hats Off! Exhibit of Personal Headgear Chinua Achebe Overivew from Brown University Ibo culture link , explains osu concept Nchetaka : The Story, Memory and Continuity of Igbo Culture The 1994 Ahiajoku Lecture by Prof. Emmanuel Obiechinna

52. Cultural Anthropology: MASPK Educational Resources indigenous peoples in the Barents Region Ritual Messengers African Treasuresfrom Tervuren Museum http//www.africamuseum.be/en/indexen.html http://www.maspk.com/SocialScience/Anthropology/Anthropology7.html

MASPK Educational Resources Home Agriculture Arts Business ... Archeology Cultural Ethnochoreology Ethnomusicology Linguistic Physical ... Anthropology > Cultural Anthropology Here are few links about Cultural Anthropology. A History of the Native People of Canada http://www.civilization.ca/archeo/hnpc/npint01e.html A Place Called Kaktovik http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/Museum/Anthropology/Kaktovik/arrival.htm ... http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/legacy/africa/zimba Every single effort counts towards a better future. Home Agriculture Arts Business ... Social Science

53. Ecoi.net - Schwerpunktländer » Nigeria » Ethnizität (Haussa-Fulani) indigenous people blame some of the attacks on Fulani herdsmen who, they say,have been seeking to Top of the page HaussaFulani. Haussa gegen mambila http://www.ecoi.net/doc/de/NG/content/7/11674-12272

Haftungsausschluss Home Schwerpunktländer Nigeria ... Ethnizität Inhalt: Ethnizität Überblick Yoruba Igbo (Ibo) Haussa-Fulani Middle Belt Niger-Delta Haussa-Fulani Haussa Hintergrundinformationen Kämpfe Haussa gegen Yoruba ... Haussa gegen Mambila Haussa Hintergrundinformationen Kämpfe Haussa gegen Yoruba Haussa gegen Tiv Hintergrundinformationen 01.06.1991 - Library of Congress: Der Begriff Haussa steht nicht nur für die ethnische Gruppe, sondern bezeichnet darüber hinaus jene Sprache, die in vielen Bundesstaaten Nigerias gesprochen wird Library of Congress: Nigeria - A Country Study The Living Africa: Die Haussa-Bevölkerung wird auf ca. 10 bis 15 Millionen geschätzt The Living Africa - Ethnic Groups: Hausa 03.11.1998 - University of Iowa: Politisches System University of Iowa: Hausa Information 03.11.1998 - University of Iowa: Religion University of Kent - Centre of Social Anthropology and Computing: Die Haussa University of Kent - Centre of Social Anthropology and Computing: The Hausa Kämpfe Haussa gegen Yoruba Haussa gegen Tiv Haussa gegen Yoruba 15.07.2002 - Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN): Neu aufflammende Kämpfe zwischen Christen und Muslimen

54. Ecoi.net - Schwerpunktländer » Nigeria » Ethnizität (Haussa-Fulani) Dozens of people died in clashes over land between indigenous farmers and settlertribesmen and hundreds fled the mambila Plateau area of Taraba state http://www.ecoi.net/doc/de/ng/content/7/11674-12272

Haftungsausschluss Home Schwerpunktländer Nigeria ... Ethnizität Inhalt: Ethnizität Überblick Yoruba Igbo (Ibo) Haussa-Fulani Middle Belt Niger-Delta Haussa-Fulani Haussa Hintergrundinformationen Kämpfe Haussa gegen Yoruba ... Haussa gegen Mambila Haussa Hintergrundinformationen Kämpfe Haussa gegen Yoruba Haussa gegen Tiv Hintergrundinformationen 01.06.1991 - Library of Congress: Der Begriff Haussa steht nicht nur für die ethnische Gruppe, sondern bezeichnet darüber hinaus jene Sprache, die in vielen Bundesstaaten Nigerias gesprochen wird Library of Congress: Nigeria - A Country Study The Living Africa: Die Haussa-Bevölkerung wird auf ca. 10 bis 15 Millionen geschätzt The Living Africa - Ethnic Groups: Hausa 03.11.1998 - University of Iowa: Politisches System University of Iowa: Hausa Information 03.11.1998 - University of Iowa: Religion University of Kent - Centre of Social Anthropology and Computing: Die Haussa University of Kent - Centre of Social Anthropology and Computing: The Hausa Kämpfe Haussa gegen Yoruba Haussa gegen Tiv Haussa gegen Yoruba 15.07.2002 - Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN): Neu aufflammende Kämpfe zwischen Christen und Muslimen

55. BBC News | AFRICA | Nigeria Land Clashes Claim More Lives Fighting over land between the mambila and Fulani communities in eastern Nigeria Dozens of people have reportedly died in heavy clashes over land in http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/africa/newsid_1748000/1748652.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Africa Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Tuesday, 8 January, 2002, 12:13 GMT Nigeria land clashes claim more lives The area has a long history of ethnic tension Dozens of people have reportedly died in heavy clashes over land in eastern Nigeria between indigenous farmers and settler tribesmen. Up to 10,000 people have died in Nigerian clashes in the past three years Hundreds have fled the Mambila Plateau area of Taraba state in the past week since fighting began between the Mambila and the nomadic Fulani communities. The area, which borders Cameroon, has a long history of competition between farmers and livestock rearers competing for scarce resources. Correspondents say tensions have risen yet further since local government officials threatened to re-distribute land that was not being used effectively. Nigeria has been wracked recently by its worst cycle of ethnic, religious and political bloodletting for more than 30 years. Toll unconfirmed The number of dead in the latest clashes is unconfirmed, but the AFP news agency put the number of casualties at more than 50.

56. MSN Encarta - Search View - Africa The People of africa section of this article was contributed by James L. Newman . indigenous african industry dwindled, and africa was forced to import http://encarta.msn.com/text_761572628__1/Africa.html

Search View Africa Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a key word in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. Africa I. Introduction Africa , second largest of Earth’s seven continents, covering 23 percent of the world’s total land area and containing 13 percent of the world’s population. Africa straddles the equator and most of its area lies within the tropics. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean and Red Sea on the east, and the Mediterranean Sea on the north. In the northeastern corner of the continent, Africa is connected with Asia by the Sinai Peninsula. Africa is a land of great diversity. If you were to trek across the continent, you would pass through lush, green forests and wander vast, grassy plains. You would cross barren deserts, climb tall mountains, and ford some of the mightiest rivers on Earth. You would meet diverse people with a wide range of cultures and backgrounds and hear hundreds of different languages. You would pass through small villages where daily life remains largely the same as it has been for hundreds of years, as well as sprawling cities with skyscrapers, modern economies, and a mix of international cultural influences. Africa is the birthplace of the human race. Here, early humans evolved from apes between 8 million and 5 million years ago. Modern human beings evolved between 130,000 and 90,000 years ago, and subsequently spread out of Africa. Ancient Egypt, one of the world’s first great civilizations, arose in northeastern Africa more than 5,000 years ago. Over time many other cultures and states rose and fell in Africa, and by 500 years ago there were prosperous cities, markets, and centers of learning scattered across the continent.

57. Competitive Gift Exchange Among The Mambila by competitive giftexchange have not been recorded for any West African society.Among the mambila-speaking peoples of the former British Cameroons, http://www.era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/Rehfisch/Papers/gift.html

FARNHAM REHFISCH Competitive Gift Exchange among the Mambila The importance of gift-giving in the establishment of political and social relationships in a number of societies has long been recognised by anthropologists, and the element of competition inherent in these exchanges has not been ignored. To the best of my knowledge, instances of diadic relationships characterised by competitive gift-exchange have not been recorded for any West African society. Among the Mambila-speaking peoples of the former British Cameroons, relationships of this type are of considerable social significance. The aim of this paper is to describe the way in which these are established, maintained and developed through time; to give an account of both a large and small scale gift distribution; and finally to analyse some of the sociological implications of this institution in Mambila society, with special reference to the village structure. The effect of this institution on inter-village relationships will not be dealt with here. The Mambila are skilled and enthusiastic farmers, fortunate in having an abundance of fertile land. none of the villages visited were suffering from a shortage of land. The result is that they normally produce a considerable surplus of their two staple crops, maize and guinea corn, except in the few bad years when the rains wither come very late or are otherwise inadequate. Some of their surplus grain is sold to the town-dwelling Fulani. The demand being small, most of the surplus is turned into beer for their own consumption. To avoid possible criticism, i had best add that I am well aware of the difficulty of defining surplus in non-monetary societies, however it is my impression backed by statements of many Mambila informants that they could sell a far greater proportion of their grain than is actually the case and run no risk of being left with insufficient supplies fort their own use.

58. Nigeria Land Crisis Dozens of people are reported to have been killed in weeklong clashes between Local residents said Tuesday that fighting between mambila indigenous http://www.progress.org/archive/land31.htm

Land Crisis Needs Nonviolent Solution Dozens Reported Killed in Nigerian Land Clashes Here are portions of a Reuters news report on recent violence in Nigeria. The root cause? Ownership of land and access to land. Dozens of people are reported to have been killed in weeklong clashes between farmers and nomadic tribesmen in northeastern Nigeria, the latest bout of ethnic bloodletting to hit Africa's most populous nation. Local residents said Tuesday that fighting between Mambila indigenous farmers and nomadic Fulani had flared sporadically since New Year's Eve around Tonga Maina village on the Mambila Plateau of Taraba State. Residents of nearby towns contacted by telephone could not give a precise death toll, but national newspapers put the figure at between 30 and 50. Multi-ethnic Nigeria, with a population of over 110 million divided into some 250 tribes, is struggling with its worst cycle of ethnic bloodletting for more than 30 years. Much of the fighting has been underpinned by religious and political differences, notably in the largely Islamic north of the country. The introduction of strict Muslim sharia law by a dozen states has triggered Muslim-Christian fighting which has killed more than 2,000 people in two years. Land is at the center of much of the violence in northeastern and central Nigeria, where peasant minority groups have been jostling for farmland with livestock rearers.

59. Arewa-online The Hausa people live mostly in the Northern states. Elementary Hausa The followingare links to sites that mambila. mambila Info Art Life in africa http://www.arewa-online.com/culture.html

INVESTMENT NIGERIA GOVERNMENT STATES ... CULTURE CULTURE Travelling to Nigeria Hotels In Nigeria Travelling in Nigeria Map Of Nigeria ... Local (Other) Chambers of Commerce NCBTC took part in Trade Mission to Africa. ..read more Traditional music director e-Government - What is it? FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN CANADA AND NIGERIA CATEGORIES The Yorubas The Hausas The Igbos The Urhobos ... The President History (Sites open in a separate window) History Military Economy Niger Coast Protectorate ... Photo Archive RELIGION To most Nigerians, religion and faith are important aspects of everyday life. It controls the laws, how you think and act, what you believe, what you value, and more. The religions in Nigeria are roughly 36% Christian, 56% Muslim, and about 8% 'everything else', including traditional religions and beliefs. TRADITIONAL There are a number of different traditional religions available. They usually are specific to the different ethnic groups, and the deities are usually the gods and goddesses that the ethnic group believes in, and each ethnic group had a shrine dedicated to the deities that it believed in. The deities ranged from those who created the earth, to those who offer divine protection and/or blessings to it's worshippers, to those who had control over certain aspects of the world (like weather or war), to spirits that can be somewhat controlled by human beings. Most of these religions did not have written documentation of their beliefs and practices, but they did rely on a priest to teach them and to intervene on their behalf, and the priests were usually very highly trained for this, to the extent of being raised for this task sometimes.

60. AusAnthrop: UNESCO Conference On Indigenous Knowledges SESSION I. PROTOCOLS FOR COLLABLORATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOLOGISTS, INDIGENOUSPEOPLE AND MUSEUMS. Une simulation de la Divination mambila sur ordinateur. http://www.ausanthrop.net/research/UNESCO_abstracts.php

AusAnthrop research, resources and documentation UNESCO conference abstracts on New Technologies, Anthropology, Museology and Indigenous Knowledge AusAnthrop Homepage AusAnthrop en Français Services Resources Resource Center Conferences Book Reviews Jobs and Careers ... Australianistes Research Introduction Articles Tribal database Kinship tutorial ... Representative Bodies Discussion Forum General discussion Information Contacts Newsletter Awards received Visitor statistics ... Engines search the website... Online since 11 June 2001 all sorts of reproduction prohibited Please do not quote without permission of respective author(s) A report (UNESCO and CNRS) on the conference, including notes on discussions and recommendations, is available on line on the UNESCO WWW site. You'll find more information on this conference, and may download the report, on the UNESCO site How to quote this document? [Author name], [Author's given name] 2001. [Title of paper]. In Abstracts of the International Symposium: New Technologies, Anthropology, Museology and Indigenous Knowledge . UNESCO/CNRS Conference held at UNESCO in Paris, 17-18 Mai 2001. WWW: http://www.ausanthrop.net/research/UNESCO_abstracts.php, accessed [date].

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