21. Mali History & Mali Culture | IExplore Once one of the great centers of Islamic culture and wealth, mali (which is among The main cash crop is cotton, of which mali is one of africa’s largest http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Mali/History

FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 5 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community ... My iExplore advertisement Home Travel Guides Africa Mali History E-mail this page Mali Travel Guide View Trips to Mali Africa Overview Browse Mali Photos Mali Questions and Answers ... Shopping Mali History Sponsored Listings Add your listing adsonar_pid=3019;adsonar_ps=370666;adsonar_zw=540;adsonar_zh=220;adsonar_jv='ads.adsonar.com'; (CNR). Under pressure from France, the new regime organized a national conference to discuss a new constitution and provisionally set down a framework for elections and the withdrawal of the army from politics early in 1992. The agreed schedule was met and presidential elections were held in April of that year. Among several political parties formed around this time, the strongest was the Espoir 2002 Government A new constitution allowing for presidential elections was introduced in 1992 and approved by a national referendum, after the overthrow of the military dictatorship by the . Executive power rests with the president who is elected for a five-year term. The president appoints a prime minister who, in turn, appoints a Council of Ministers. A 147-member National Assembly, also elected for five years, holds legislative powers.

22. Mali On The Internet a film about mali s ancient culture, and this culture s position in the countrytoday. Projects include manuscript preservation in mali and the African http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/mali.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Countries: Mali See also: Mali News ABCBurkina Mali and Burkina Faso are asking that cotton producers in North American and Europe not been given price supports to continue growing cotton in competition with African cotton producers. http://www.abcburkina.net/ One of its goals is to promote the use of African languages in African intergovernmental organisations. Includes background on past Organization of African Unity decisions regarding African languages. Founded through the initiative of the President of Mali, Alpha Oumar KONARE. Has text of the OAU's Language plan of action for africa Based in Bamako, Mali. [KF] http://www.acalan.org/ In French. Research bulletin of the in Mali. No. 19, mars 2004 has statistics on higher education research in Mali. On the web site of the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpment, Bamako, Mali. [KF] http://www.mali.ird.fr/actualites/actualites.htm Afribone Mali In French. Attractive annotated directory of information and web sites on Mali (government, economy, education, arts, tourism, the internet in Mali, weather, the press, etc.). Based in Bamako, Mali. http://www.afribone.com/

23. Mali Culture Forum mali culture Forum. africa mali culture Forums mali Forum dedicatedto discussions about culture topics http://www.warmafrica.com/index/geo/14/cat/3/a/f

Portal to Mali Fri. 23 Sep. 2005 GENERAL TRAVEL CULTURE SPORTS ... ECONOMY Welcome guest Register Mali In CULTURE Forum post(s) Search Weather Links Archives ... Mali Guide Other Topics: general travel sports economy Regional: West Africa REGIONAL All Africa North Africa Southern Africa West Africa ... East Africa COUNTRIES Select Country South Africa Morocco Egypt kenya Libya Senegal Zimbabwe Tanzania Mali WarmAfrica Web CHANNELS Forums CHAT ! Weather Web directory ... Webmasters SITE INFO About Privacy Advertising Contact ... culture Forums Forums Warm Africa Discussions Mali culture Forum Forum Index User: guest Register or login to post Mali Forum dedicated to discussions about culture topics No messages in this Forum Create a new topic Other Mali forums : general travel culture sports ... economy Jump to another Africa Forum All Africa general Forum All Africa travel Forum All Africa culture Forum All Africa sports Forum All Africa economy Forum North Africa general Forum North Africa travel Forum North Africa culture Forum North Africa sports Forum North Africa economy Forum Southern Africa general Forum Southern Africa travel Forum Southern Africa culture Forum Southern Africa sports Forum Southern Africa economy Forum West Africa general Forum West Africa travel Forum West Africa culture Forum West Africa sports Forum West Africa economy Forum South Africa general Forum South Africa travel Forum South Africa culture Forum South Africa sports Forum South Africa economy Forum Morocco general Forum Morocco travel Forum

24. Mali | Culture | E-Village mali culture EVillage. africa web site providing usefull informationabout selected countries and regions as well as forums, http://www.warmafrica.com/index/geo/14/cat/3

Portal to Mali Fri. 23 Sep. 2005 GENERAL TRAVEL CULTURE SPORTS ... ECONOMY Welcome guest Register Mali In CULTURE Forum post(s) Search Weather Links Archives ... Mali Guide Other Topics: general travel sports economy Regional: West Africa REGIONAL All Africa North Africa Southern Africa West Africa ... East Africa COUNTRIES Select Country South Africa Morocco Egypt kenya Libya Senegal Zimbabwe Tanzania Mali WarmAfrica Web CHANNELS Forums CHAT ! Weather Web directory ... Webmasters SITE INFO About Privacy Advertising Contact ... culture E-Village Forums No specific stories, contact us at submit@warmafrica.com to submit an article See Also Bamako 2002 no measure for World Cup ... MALI: Desert hostages released ... 13 killed in violence between Kountas and Arabs in eastern M ... Angola: All set for first carnival in peace ... ... MALI: German senior diplomat confident in "imminent" resolut ... Other Stories 13 killed in violence between Kountas and Arabs in eastern M ... PR: The Jazz Train - Madagascar May 1st, 2005. ... Latest Headlines Mali / culture Headlines by Moreover Weather More Mali weather ...

25. Mali: A Land Of Old Civilizations, Unique Cultures, Colorful Life And Unmatched mali, and Songhai, with centers of trade, learning, and culture in such African political activity was banned by the French in mali until after http://www.africa-ata.org/mali.htm

A land of old civilizations, unique cultures, colorful life and unmatched hospitality by Mariama Ludovic de Lys The decline of Mali was rapid, although the kings continued to rule until 1645. Its place was taken by the Songhoi Empire of Gao, whose great kings were Sunni Ali from 1464 to 1492, and Askia Muhammad, from 1493 to 1528. At its greatest extent, Songhoi reached from the Atlantic to Kano and included most modern Mali and parts of Guinea. Most of the empire was destroyed by Moroccan invasion in 1591. 1) FESTIVAL OF THE DESERT , from 9 jan-2006 to 16 jan-2006

26. Mali At Folklife Festival, Smithsonian, Washington, DC On the outskirts of Bamako, you can visit the Bambara culture and traditions Country Profile mali is a landlocked nation in West africa roughly three http://www.africa-ata.org/mali_profile.htm

Grand Tour of West Africa Edition Advertise Now Mali Festival at Smithsonian Photos Festival Photos Festival ... Timbuktu Cities Abidjan Addis Ababa Cape Town Conakry ... Timbuktu African Advertisers Embassies Exhibits Ministries ... Tour Offices MALI - "FROM TIMBUKTU TO WASHINGTON, D.C." FEATURED AT SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL Submitted by David Saunders Additionally, in November 2003, Mali will host its first "Desert Marathon" in which four hundred runners from all over the world will cover 250 miles in the sands north of Timbuktu. There will also be a nautical rally down the Niger River. Minister N'Diaye is currently enacting legislation to require tour guides to be trained and licensed, and to help protect the local culture that draws visitors from all over the world, including anthropologists who are fascinated by the mysterious cliff-dwelling Dogon people. According to Minister N'Diaye, "Mali intends to turn itself into the biggest tourist destination in West Africa by 2005 with the assistance of many North American travel and tourism professionals".

27. Freedom From Hunger - Mali, West Africa - Virtual Tours mali, West africa, Virtual tour of mali. The musical culture is encouragedand supported in mali in an effort to keep indigenous culture strong and http://www.freefromhunger.org/malabout.html

About Mali Mali Home About Mali Our Work in Mali Photo Gallery Useful Links Back To Virtual Tours Main Page Virtual Tour Wallpapers Malian civilization is indeed ancient, with rock paintings dating back tens of thousands of years to when Mali was a green, lush paradise. The first regional empire was the empire of Ghana, which was overthrown in the 11th century by Muslim Berbers from Morocco and Mauritania. A centuries-old sand mosque overlooks the village of Mopti. Climate changes and increasing demands for water and grazing areas have contributed greatly to the growth of the desert. The river Niger, which winds through the country up to the Sahara, along with its seasonally flooding shorelines, provides farmers with arable land. The one bright spot on the economic horizon in Mali is the discovery of significant deposits of gold, which is now its third largest export, behind cotton (grown in the greener south) and livestock. Country Information Population 10.3 million Area 474,764 square miles (about the size of California and Texas, combined) Languages French (official) and Bambara (spoken by about 80 percent of the population) Religions 90 percent Islamic, 6 percent indigenous, 4 percent Christian

28. Africa: Arts & Culture: African Television, TV And Radio africa Arts culture african Television, TV and Radio. TV Nationale Office de RadioTelevsion du mali. (Francais). Mauritius http://www.clickafrique.com/Arts/Television.asp

Home News Forum Directory ... Flag/Maps/Info An E-Community for Africa >E-Mail to a friend >Can't Find it - Ask Us ! Search ClickAfrique Quick Links Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde CAR Chad Comoros Congo Congo DR Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Principe Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome SADR Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Central Africa Eastern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Africa (General) Subject Accomodation Airlines Athletics Basketball Banks Boxing Car Hire Companies Countries Country Guides Cricket Culture Dance E-Commerce Education Embassy Film Finance Football Galleries Game Reserves Games Government Hardware Health History Hotels Insurance Investment ISPs Finance Jobs Language Magazine Mobile Phones Museums Music News Newspapers Organistions PC People Portals Property Nature Reserves Radio Resorts Shipping Software Television Theatre Tourism Office Tourist Agencies Trade Gifts and Special Offers : O% APR Offers on UK Credit Cards. Apply online for an immediate decision.

29. Mali mali is one of the bestknown countries in West africa. The country owes this tothe legendary Tourism - culture - Economy - History - Photos - Various http://us-africa.tripod.com/mali.html

Africa About us Africa Introduction Country Files ... us-africa MALI Other great Links Robert Burch: Photos Blom: Photos TraumlandNET More Links AU COEUR DU MALI Bernard Cloutier: Photos Official Name République du Mali Located West : Mauritania, Algeria, Senegal, Guinea Capital Bamako Head of State President Amadou Toumani Toure (ATT) Area 1,240,140 sq km Population 11.2 million Growth rate Language Currency West African CFA franc GNP per capita Inflation Airlines (advertise here) from Europe: from Asia: from USA: Hotels (advertise here) USAfrica Agent Afripromo/Conakry Country Advertiser USAfrica Research Information JOIN AFRICA-4-AFRICA Timbuktu Mali was one of the greatest states in the world of its time, but is now one of the poorest countries on earth. Timbuktu has been a magnet for travelers for many years. Le Main de Fatma is a giant rock formation bursting out of the ground like an enormous hand near Hombori village 250 km southwest of Gao, and is featured on many tourist posters. This offers the best technical rock climbing in West Africa (some say the world). Halfway up the cliff is the original village of Teli, one of a score of such places where the Dogons retreated 700 years ago. When the Dogons arrived, many of these easily defended sites were already occupied by the Tellem people of which little known except that they were excellent climbers and of small stature. Mali is the heir to a great historical tradition. A series of powerful empires carried this name in the past, even though not all fell within the present borders of the country. MANSA KANKAN MUSA - EMPEROR OF MALI was one of the most renowned of all the monarchs of the old Sudan. The Emperor claimed that the length of his realm was "about one year". The high point of the empire occurred in the 16th century thanks to a very busy gold trade. France found it hard and long to conquer Mali, and the army had to engage a full scale war which lasted 15 years to overcome the resistence of the last tribes.

30. African Studies: African History & Cultures Journal of Language and Popular culture in africa Archives in Popular Swahili ofthe A K12 education website on the history and culture of mali, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/cult.html

CU Home Libraries Home Search Site Index ... Help Search Library Catalog: Title (start of title) Journal (start of title) Author (last, first) Keyword (and, or, not, "") Subject Go To CLIO >> Find Databases: Title Keywords Title (start of title) Keywords Go To Databases >> Find E-Journals: Title (start of title) Title Keywords Subject Keywords Go To E-Journals >> Search the Libraries Website: Go To Advanced Website Search >> About the Libraries Libraries Collections Digital Collections Hours Directions to Columbia Map of Campus Libraries More... Catalogs CLIO (Columbia's Online Catalog) Other Catalogs at CU and Nearby A-Z List of Library Catalogs Course Reserves More... E-Resources Citation Finder Databases E-Journals E-Books E-Data E-News E-Images Subject Guides More...

31. Lesson & Title Islam and Indigenous african culture Discusses howiIn West africa, The RoyalKingdoms of Ghana, mali and Songhay Life in Medieval africa. Holt, 1995. http://ctap295.ctaponline.org/~jboston/Student/materials.html

7th Grade Social Studies Medieval African Kingdoms Home Room Activities Materials Your Grade Teacher's Corner Materials WEB Resources: Map of African kingdoms: Africa Overview: Africana.com Scroll through the subject listings to find your assigned culture. African Voices This Smithsonian site is wonderfully rich graphically and has a huge, well organized compiliation of resources on the history of Africa from ancient times to now. Ancient African Civilizations This article describes the civilizations that flourished in Africa before the arrival of European colonial powers. West African Gallery West Africa has long been the home of hundreds of kingdoms over the years. Of these, four gained enough power over time to be called Empires. Multi-media Africa Archives Here are pictures and maps of modern and historical Africa. Timeline of African History to 1500 This is a timeline of West African History with links to supporting information. Islam and Indigenous African Culture Discusses howiIn West Africa, much of the conversion to Islam prior to the 18th century occurred through interaction with Islamicized Berber traders, who controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes. Ghana: Ghana Empire The Ghana Empire lay in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. Ghana empire was an important black trading state

32. Ghana, Mali, And Songhay to Whites and were devoid of any trace of civilization or culture. The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, mali, and Songhay Life in Medieval africa, http://www.csusm.edu/Black_Excellence/documents/pg-g-m-s-empires.html

Black Excellence In World History Subject Document Submitted by: Donavan Duncan, Student, Mira Costa Community College Go to Home Page , or use the " Back " button on your browser for previous page. West African Kingdoms by: Donavan Duncan It is generally accepted by scholars and scientists today that Africa is the continent where humankind first saw the light of day. Indeed, it is widely recognized as the original home of man. One of the most tragic misconceptions of historical thought has been the belief that Black Africa had no history before European colonization. Whites foster the image of Africa as a barbarous and savage continent torn by tribal warfare for centuries. It was a common assumption of nineteenth-century European and American Whites - promoted by the deliberate cultivation of pseudoscientific racism - that Africans were inferior to Whites and were devoid of any trace of civilization or culture. It is only recently that more reliable studies has brought to light much information about great civilizations that developed in Africa while Europe was in the period often referred as the Dark Ages. The earliest of these mature civilizations were in West Africa. In a vast region south of the Sahara, Africans organized kingdoms which in time became great empires. This region is called the Sudan (a word meaning "land of the Blacks" in Arabic) The Sudan was important in the early history of Black Africa because the Africans first practiced agriculture in this region, and thus became the first people south of the Sahara to fashion and use iron tools and weapons. They were also among the first people in Africa to organize viable political systems. The Sudanic Blacks had learn to domesticate crops long before the coming of Christianity, and their grain production furnished food for an expanding population.

33. Mali Culture culture. In spite of being one of the poorest nations in the world, mali has northern and western africa and has developed a rich cultural tradition. http://www.traveldocs.com/ml/culture.htm

Mali Africa CULTURE In spite of being one of the poorest nations in the world, Mali has long functioned as a crossroads between northern and western Africa and has developed a rich cultural tradition. Situated between the Arab world to the north and the black African nations to the south, it has for centuries been a cultural meeting place. Music and dancing are the most common cultural activities; they form an especially rich heritage among the Malinke and Songhai peoples. The Bambara and the Voltaic groups excel in the creation of wood carvings of masks, statues, stools, and objects used in animist worship. The tiewara, or gazelle mask, of the Bambara is remarkable for its fineness of line. To Country Main Page To TDS Home Page Travel Document Systems Washington DC Office 925 Fifteenth Street N.W.

34. Mali Breakout - Lesson Plan Using culture Gram 2001, Republic of mali and Lands and Peoplesafrica, studentswill use read and analyze information about present day mali and synthesize http://mali.pwnet.org/lessonplan/lessonplan_middle_high.htm

Home Standards of Learning History Geography ... Gallery MIDDLE AND HIGH LESSON PLANS LESSON 1-West Africa Then and Now-Empires and Countries LESSON 2-Basics of Civilization LESSON 3-Day 1-The Legacy of Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage to Mecca LESSON 3-Day 2-The Legacy of Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage to Mecca ... LESSON 4-Keeping the Memory-The Islamic Legacy of Timbuktu The following lessons are designed to be taught individually or in a series. Lesson 1 West Africa Then and Now - Empires and Countries By: Lynda K. Dunnigan SOL.: WH.1d, WHI.10,a,b,d,WHII.2a, WG.3a,b,c Length of lesson: 1 class period Objectives: In their study of the ancient West African empires, students will locate the Sahara Desert and the Niger River, the ancient West African empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, and capitol cities and strategic trading centers. They will compare and contrast current geo-political boundaries of Mali and surrounding nations with boundaries of the ancient West African empires. Students will identify two great rulers who shaped the ancient Mali Empire. Procedures: Introductory Activities: Organize the class into groups of 3-4 students Using an overhead or a wall map of Africa, ask students the following questions:

35. CAMA - About Us Funded by the Ford Foundation the pilot culture africa Network (CAN) Projectenabled CAMA to establish mali The National Museums of mali, Bamako http://www.cama.org.za/CAMA/webcomponents/php/about.php

MENU ABOUT US COUNTRIES MUSIC ART ... CAN PROJECT WEBSITE SEARCH Advanced Search University of Cape Town South Africa Contact CAMA CAMA Archive North Wing, PD Hahn Building University of Cape Town PO Box 34101 Rhodes Gift,7707 Cape Town South Africa Tel : +27 21 6502828 Fax : +27 21 6502947 Email : cama@cama.org.za E-mail the webmaster About CAMA Since its inception in 1995, under directorship of its founder, John Turest-Swartz, CAMA has sought to develop a pan-African mass-accessible arts and culture archive, and through this, the means to acknowledge creativity in the arts in Africa on a continental scale. CAMA is engaged in the ongoing development of tools and strategies in pursuit of its documentary and archival objectives in the promotion of knowledge about African culture. The CAMA Archive Project focuses on documenting and disseminating audio-visual materials about the lives and work of artists, musicians and others who create culture in Africa. Using ICT in an African context, CAMA also seeks to promote a broader knowledge of African culture through facilitating the documentation and dissemination of the wealth of materials from existing holdings within African cultural institutions.

36. Mali Tours Visit Timbuktu, Dogon Country, Djenne, Mopti And Bamako Historically and culturally, mali is the richest of all West african countries . africa Roots culture Tours Meetings and Conferences http://www.spectortravel.com/Pages/mali.html

Spector Travel of Boston Adventure Tour Mali Wednesday - Friday Historically and culturally, Mali is the richest of all West African countries. Some of the mightiest empires of Africa were established here, their wealth based entirely on the trans-Saharan trade. These Kingdoms have vanished, but many traces of their vast cultural legacy are present today. Traditions are alive within Mali's ethnic groups: in their complex social structure, daily lives, festivals, religious ceremonies and beautiful artifacts. Program Includes: Round trip economy airfare New York - Bamako - New York Airfare Mopti - Timbuktu - Mopti - Bamako 7 nights first class hotels: 1 night Bamako, 1 night Timbuktu, 4 nights Mopti and 1 night Sangha Meals: 7 breakfasts All transfers and sightseeing per itinerary Round trip airport transfers, hotel taxes and service charges Tour Includes: Timbuktu Mopti Djenne Dogon Country Segou Bamako Home Africa Discount Airfares Meetings and Conferences Who is Spector Travel Email: africa@spectortravel.com The best in travel and tours to Mali. Spector Travel of Boston , Inc.

37. HumanSongs.com - Mali Cultural Tours immersed in the rich, vibrant, and ancient culture of mali, in the heart ofWest africa. LANGUAGE AND culture The lingua franca of mali is French. http://www.humansongs.com/malitours.htm

CULTURAL TOURS to MALI with Abdoul Doumbia NEXT TOUR July 20 - Aug. 9, 2005 SPACES STILL AVAILABLE Ngoni lesson in Bamako Abdoul Doumbia invites you to join him for three weeks of learning and adventure immersed in the rich, vibrant, and ancient culture of Mali, in the heart of West Africa. The trip's home base is Mali's bustling capitol of Bamako. Here you'll be offered two drum and two dance classes per day with Abdoul and other master drummers and dancers from the various national troupes. Outside of classes you'll have opportunities to shop at local marketplaces for traditional arts and crafts, or visit tailor shops to have clothes made. At night you can sample the big-city nightlife at Bamako's many nightclubs, featuring the best of Mali's flourishing modern music scene. If their schedules find them in Bamako, you'll have the chance to meet some of Abdoul's more well-known friends, such as kora-player-extraordinaire Toumani Diabate , and renowned singers Oumou Sangare Habib Koite , and Salif Keita . You will also have the incredible and unique opportunity to experience traditional Mande ceremonies, and even participate if you so choose.

38. Crossroads Of Culture Landlocked, mali lies at a cultural crossroads where the peoples of the desert,the Fulani and Tuareg meet those of Subsaharan africa, the Bamana, Dogon, http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/mali/

Your browser does not support javascript Crossroads of Culture February 28, 2001 Text, Photographs, and Maps by Angela M.H. Schuster For more than 1,000 years, caravans laden with gold, silver, salt, and ivory, plied the trackless sands of the western Sahara. Landlocked, Mali lies at a cultural crossroads where the peoples of the desert, the Fulani and Tuareg meet those of Subsaharan Africa, the Bamana, Dogon Senoufou , and Songhai . Join us as we explore the rich history of this ancient land, home to some of Africa's greatest empires, among them those of Ghana, which flourished between the ninth and eleventh centuries A.D.; Mali, which reached its apogee in the late fourteenth century; and Songhai, which dominated the region between the mid-fifteenth and late sixteenth centuries. Independent since 1960, Mali was formerly part of colonial French Sudan, which also comprised what are now the countries of Senegal and Burkina Faso, the latter formerly known as Upper Volta. An Endangered Past People of Mali Tuareg Dogon ... Senoufou Cities/Regions Bamako San Mopti Bandiagara Escarpment ... Climbing Opportunities Angela M.H. Schuster

39. Visit Mali - A Virtual Guide To The Republic Of Mali Official web sites of mali, the capital of mali, art, culture, history, cities,airlines, where in africa is mali Official Name Republic of mali http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/mali.htm

40. Mali: Dogon Culture - Travel Africa Magazine In the shadows of mali s Bandiagra Escarpment, the Dogon people have retained their Isolation has helped the Dogon maintain their cultural integrity. http://www.travelafricamag.com/content/view/399/56/

The premier resource for all things African Mali: Dogon Culture Issue 10 In the shadows of Mali's Bandiagra Escarpment, the Dogon people have retained their centuries-old lifestyle.In the shadows of Mali's Bandiagra Escarpment, the Dogon people have retained their centuries-old lifestyle. But what will be the impact of the slowly increasing number of travellers who are making the trek across this harsh landscape to see the legendary cliff-side villages? To find out, Philip Briggs ventured It was a moment of supreme unreality. Guided by a propulsive, relentless drum rhythm, we ascended a steep flight of stone steps into a scene so overpoweringly bizarre that we felt as if we had stumbled into the midst of an ancient Inca sun ceremony, or an assemblage of Greek Gods preparing for war below Mount Olympus. The 300m-high cliffs of the Bandiagara Escarpment glowed golden before us, their surface pocked with a veritable warren of centuries-old cave dwellings. At the base of this vast sandstone amphitheatre stood thousands of children and colourfully dressed women, captivated by a troupe of outrageously masked awa dancers, who leaped and bounded in and out of the crowd as they re-enacted key episodes in Dogon history. Only that morning, we had set off on a circular hike from the small town of Sanga through the villages of Ireli, Amani, Tereli and Daga in the remote Dogon Country of southern Mali. We selected Ireli as our first overnight stop on the basis of rumours that a festival might take place there. Nothing, however, had prepared us for this, the awesome climax of the ancient Dama festival.

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