21. Magnetic Properties Of Matter (from Magnetism) --  Encyclopædia Britannica Magnetic properties of matter (from magnetism) All matter exhibits magneticproperties when placed in an external magnetic field. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-71542

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Fundamentals ... Magnetic field of steady currents Magnetic forces Lorentz force Repulsion or attraction between two magnetic dipoles Magnetization effects in matter Magnetic properties of matter Induced and permanent atomic magnetic dipoles Diamagnetism Paramagnetism Ferromagnetism ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products magnetism Page 7 of 16 Magnetic properties of matter All matter exhibits magnetic properties when placed in an external magnetic field. Even substances magnetism...

22. New Scientist Breaking News - Holey Magnetism! single chips that integrate microprocessors and memory or even a new type ofelectronics that exploit the magnetic properties of individual electrons. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn281

23. People - Magnetism & Spin Electronics - Physics - Trinity College Dublin Structure and Magnetic properties of Interstitally Modified Rare Formation andIntrinsic Magnetic properties of the Interstitial Modified Compounds http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/Magnetism/people.php

People Home News The Group Research ... Summer Students Recent M.Sc. and Ph.D. Graduates Fernando Rhen Ph.D TCD Electrodeposition of Coercive Ferromagnetic Films Ciara Fitzgerald Ph.D AIB Capital Markets Novel Magnetic Materials for Spin Electronic Applications Cora O'Reilly Ph.D Intel Ireland Magnetic Field Effects on Electrodeposition and The Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel and Nickel-Copper Ph.D CEA, Saclay Spin Transport and Magnetic Nano Structure Katie Gallagher Ph.D NIST Mechanically Aloyed Sm-Co Hard Magnetic Materials Janko Versluijs Ph.D. IMEC, Leuven Mesoscopic Transport in Ferromagnetic Oxides Ph.D. CRANN, TCD Numerical Simulations of Magnetic Field Effects on Electrodeposition Gareth Hinds Ph.D.

24. The Magnetism Group » Projects » Theses » Personell » Former Tunable magnetic properties Several part goals compose this project, that ingeneral terms can be described as an attempt to understand, control and tune http://www.angstrom.uu.se/magnetism/projects/properties.html

The Magnetism Group Projects Theses Personell Former members ... Home Tunable magnetic properties Several part goals compose this project, that in general terms can be described as an attempt to understand, control and tune magnetic properties of bulk materials. In particular the magneocrystalline anisotropy (MAE), magnetostriction, and saturation magnetization are of interest. The possibility to tune these properties by means of controlling crystal structure (including amorphous phases), alloying conditions and manufacturing conditions are investigated experimentally as well as theoretically. The project involves chemistry and physics at Uppsala University: Solid State Physics, Materials Chemistry and Condensed Matter Theory. In addition experimental work will be done at KTH on fabrication and characterization of rapidly quenched amorphous soft magnets. The project on tuneable magnets include one part that concerns fundamental theoretical and experimental studies of 3d based alloys and compounds, with an emphasis on manganese-containing systems, e.g. Me n Mn type of compounds, where Me is a light or heavy platinum metal and n = 1, 2 or 3. Another investigation concerns Vau

25. Magnetic Properties Of Materials An introduction for the designer of electrical wound components to the part playedby materials within the magnetic field, and a summary of the related http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Workshop/advice/coils/mu/

Magnetic properties of materials An introduction for the designer of electrical wound components to the part played by materials within the magnetic field, and a summary of the related terminology. The scope of this page Magnetization curves Diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials Ferromagnetic materials Ferrimagnetic materials Saturation Materials classified Permeability Relative permeability Other variant forms of permeability and related quantities - Initial permeability Effective permeability Permeability of a vacuum Susceptibility ... Mass susceptibility Terminology for intrinsic fields within materials - Magnetic moment Magnetization Intensity of magnetization Magnetic polarization See also ... Producing wound components Air coils Power loss in wound components] [The force produced by a magnetic field] [ Faraday's law ] [A guide to unit systems The scope of this page An entire sub-branch of physics is devoted to the study of the effects produced within various materials by the application of a magnetic field. These web pages make no attempt to cover the subject fully, and if you wish to explore it in greater depth then you should consult a text such as Jiles . What can be said here is that if you are restricted to just one parameter to describe this complexity then permeability is the one to choose. Most inductor calculations make use of it, or one of its multitudinous

26. Magnetic Properties Of Solids Magnetic properties of Solids. Materials may be classified by their response to Diamagnetism is a property of all materials and opposes applied magnetic http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/magpr.html

Magnetic Properties of Solids Materials may be classified by their response to externally applied magnetic fields as diamagnetic paramagnetic , or ferromagnetic . These magnetic responses differ greatly in strength. Diamagnetism is a property of all materials and opposes applied magnetic fields, but is very weak. Paramagnetism, when present, is stronger than diamagnetism and produces magnetization in the direction of the applied field, and proportional to the applied field. Ferromagnetic effects are very large, producing magnetizations sometimes orders of magnitude greater than the applied field and as such are much larger than either diamagnetic or paramagnetic effects. The magnetization of a material is expressed in terms of density of net magnetic dipole moments m in the material. We define a vector quantity called the magnetization M by M = m total /V Then the total magnetic field B in the material is given by B = B m M where m is the magnetic permeability of space and B is the externally applied magnetic field. When magnetic fields inside of materials are calculated using Ampere's law or the Biot-Savart law , then the m in those equations is typically replaced by just m with the definition m = K m m where K m is called the relative permeability . If the material does not respond to the external magnetic field by producing any magnetization, then K

27. Ferromagnetism Magnetic properties of solids Table of Curie temperatures Table of magneticproperties Magnetic properties of solids http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/ferro.html

Ferromagnetism Iron, nickel, cobalt and some of the rare earths (gadolinium, dysprosium) exhibit a unique magnetic behavior which is called ferromagnetism because iron (ferrum in Latin) is the most common and most dramatic example. Samarium and neodymium in alloys with cobalt have been used to fabricate very strong rare-earth magnets Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a long-range ordering phenomenon at the atomic level which causes the unpaired electron spins to line up parallel with each other in a region called a domain . Within the domain, the magnetic field is intense, but in a bulk sample the material will usually be unmagnetized because the many domains will themselves be randomly oriented with respect to one another. Ferromagnetism manifests itself in the fact that a small externally imposed magnetic field , say from a solenoid , can cause the magnetic domains to line up with each other and the material is said to be magnetized. The driving magnetic field will then be increased by a large factor which is usually expressed as a relative permeability for the material. There are many practical

28. Magnetic Moments tool for studying the finite temperature properties of metallic magnets. First Principles Method for Complex Magnetic properties, Proceedings of http://www.psc.edu/science/Wang/

29. Stainless Steel - Magnetic Properties All stainless steels with the exception of austenitic stainless steels are magnetic.This can be influenced by processes such as cold working and stress http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1140

30. Project Title MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS Shull, RD, Magnetic properties of Nanostructured Films, NATO Advanced ResearchWorkshop Shull, RD, properties of Magnetic Nanocomposites, ICMATICR, http://www.metallurgy.nist.gov/magnet/NANOM.htm

Project Title: MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS Investigators: R. D. Shull , A. J. Shapiro, R. D. McMichael, L. J. Swartzendruber, H. J. Brown, R. V. Drew, and D. E. Mathews Objectives: This program focuses on developing an understanding of the magnetic behavior of low dimensional systems, as in systems wherein one or more characteristic dimensions have been reduced to nanometer sizes. For these new materials, it is not known whether their exciting novel behavior is due to new physics or to a logical extension of large-size behavior to small dimensions. Consequently, implementation of this new type of material into marketable products is significantly delayed. NIST is providing the measurement science to answer this critical unknown and to identify where standards may be required as the field becomes more mature. Technical Description: In conventional materials, the material will magnetize along the easy axis of magnetization, so that in a polycrystalline material the magnetization will fluctuate on a scale of the material's grain size. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a useful method for determining such magnetic fluctuations, and this technique was applied for the first time to a single phase nanocrystalline material, electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni, in order to observe anticipated nanometer-scale magnetic fluctuations. This material is uniquely suited for this examination because it possesses few pores, and therefore most scattering at small angles was predicted to be magnetic in origin.

31. Project Title MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS Project Title MAGNETIC properties AND STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS. InvestigatorsRD Shull, LJ Swartzendruber, LH Bennett, E. Della Torre, AJ Shapiro, http://www.metallurgy.nist.gov/magnet/srm.htm

Project Title: MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS Investigators R. D. Shull , L. J. Swartzendruber, L. H. Bennett, E. Della Torre, A. J. Shapiro, R. V. Drew, H. J. Brown, and D. E. Mathews Objectives: This main objective of this project is to improve the measurement process in magnetic materials in order to characterize these materials accurately and efficiently. This will enable industry to develop and produce new and better materials at lower cost. Technical Description: In collaboration with scientists from universities, industry, and other Divisions at NIST, magnetic materials important to the scientific and industrial communities are prepared and methods for the improved measurement of their properties are developed. Standard reference materials for the calibration of existing and planned instruments used in the measurement of magnetic properties are developed and produced. Methods for the improvement of flux pinning in superconducting materials are investigated in order to aid the industrial application of high temperature superconductors. Methods for the characterization of accommodation and aftereffect in magnetic recording and permanent magnetic materials are developed. Models are also developed for determining the most efficient methods to fully characterize magnetic materials, including their magnetostriction and time dependence. Planned Outcome: The expected results of this activity are fourfold: (1) improved characterization of magnetic recording media resulting in higher storage capacity and lower overall net cost per unit of storage, (2) improved characterization of permanent magnets, superconductors, and other industrial magnetic materials, resulting in more efficient and effective use of such materials, (3) improved calibration of magnetic measurement instruments giving NIST traceability at lower costs, and (4) facilitation of commerce in magnetic materials through improved agreement between producer and consumer on the measurements of magnetic properties at a lower cost.

32. HysteresisLoop A great deal of information can be learned about the magnetic properties of a From the hysteresis loop, a number of primary magnetic properties of a http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/Hy

Home Education Resources NDT Course Material MPI Introduction to Magnetic Particle Inspection Introduction Introduction Basic Principles History of MPI Physics Magnetism Magnetic Mat'ls Magnetic Domains ... Suspension Liquids Testing Practices Dry Particles Wet Suspension Magnetic Rubber Process Control Particle Concentration Suspension Contamination Electrical System Lighting ... Eye Considerations Example Indications Visible Dry Powder Fluorescent Wet The Hysteresis Loop and Magnetic Properties A great deal of information can be learned about the magnetic properties of a material by studying its hysteresis loop. A hysteresis loop shows the relationship between the induced magnetic flux density B and the magnetizing force H.

33. Quantifying Magnetic Properties Quantifying Magnetic properties (Magnetic Field Strength, Flux Density, TotalFlux and Magnetization). Until now, only the qualitative features of the http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/Qu

Home Education Resources NDT Course Material MPI Introduction to Magnetic Particle Inspection Introduction Introduction Basic Principles History of MPI Physics Magnetism Magnetic Mat'ls Magnetic Domains ... Suspension Liquids Testing Practices Dry Particles Wet Suspension Magnetic Rubber Process Control Particle Concentration Suspension Contamination Electrical System Lighting ... Eye Considerations Example Indications Visible Dry Powder Fluorescent Wet Quantifying Magnetic Properties (Magnetic Field Strength, Flux Density, Total Flux and Magnetization) Until now, only the qualitative features of the magnetic field have been discussed. However, it is necessary to be able to measure and express quantitatively the various characteristics of magnetism. Unfortunately, a number of unit conventions are in use as shown below. SI units will be used in this material. The advantage of using SI units is that they are traceable back to an agreed set of four base units - meter, kilogram, second, and Ampere.

34. 2.6.13 Magnetic Properties Of Materials 2.6.13 Magnetic properties of Materials. I.Magnetic Induction. A.Magnetic fieldinduced by electrical current. 1.Magnetic Field Strength http://claymore.engineer.gvsu.edu/eod/material/material-38.html

Version 1.0, August 31, 2001, Hugh Jack 2.6.13 Magnetic Properties of Materials I.Magnetic Induction A.Magnetic field induced by electrical current 1.Magnetic Field Strength - H - magnetic field strength (amperes/meter) N - number of turns in coil I - current in coil l - length of coil 2.Magnetic Flux Density - indicates response of material subjected to a Magnetic Field B - Magnetic Flux Density (teslas - webers/square meter) m - magnetic permeability (Wb/A-m) 3.Magnetic Field Strength in a vacuum given by where m is the permeability of a vacuum (4p x10-7 H/m) 4.Relative permeability - indicates the relative ability of a material to be magnetized by an external magnetic field. 5.Magnetization - M - represents the magnetic field strength contributed by the magnetization of the medium in the magnetic field or where c m is the magnetic susceptibility which is also given by c m = m r - 1 B.Material Response to a Magnetic Field

35. Materials By Design: Magnetic Properties Of Materials Temperature, stress and impurities can all affect magnetic properties and playan important role in using these materials for engineering applications. http://www.mse.cornell.edu/courses/engri111/magnet2.htm

Types of Magnetism Paramagnetism If the magnetic moments of the atoms are random, we say that the material is paramagnetic . The magnetic moments from atoms do not interact with each other at all. If an external magnetic field is applied, the magnetic moments are free to align with the field. Ferromagnetism If the moments interact to cause each other to align in the same direction, they are called ferromagnetic . Iron, cobalt and nickel are ferromagnets, as are the magnets on your refrigerator. Antiferromagnetism If the moments interact to cause an alternating pattern such as in manganese, the material is said to be antiferromagnetic Ferrimagnetism Some materials have different types of atoms with different moments, which interact. For example, Fe O has both Fe and Fe atoms with correspondingly different moments, which are located at different sites within the structure. These cause ferrimagnetic behavior, because some of the moments are canceled by other atoms, but some are not. Temperature, stress and impurities can all affect magnetic properties and play an important role in using these materials for engineering applications.

36. Group Of Electrical And Magnetic Properties theoretical studies of electronic and magnetic properties of disordered alloys,surfaces and interfaces as well as quantummechanical studies of extended http://www.ipm.cz/EN/grelmagn.html

Group of electrical and magnetic properties Head: O. Schneeweiss, PhD, DSc The activities of the group are focused on: - theoretical studies of electronic and magnetic properties of disordered alloys, surfaces and interfaces as well as quantum-mechanical studies of extended defects in metallic materials and on - experimental investigations of relations among structure and magnetic electrical and mechanical properties in metallic materials. The most important projects in the group within last five years have been oriented on: - first-principles investigations of two-dimensional alloy magnetism - atomistic studies of grain boundaries in metallic materials and development of relevant quantum-mechanical techniques - influence of method of preparation, heat and mechanical treatments on structure and properties of nanocrystalline materials - structure and properties of metallic and oxidic magnetic materials prepared by non- traditional technologies - role of defects in electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties of ordered intermetallic systems. Back to Department of Structure

37. Magnetic Properties Of Matter Using X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism - ESRF c) Evolution of magnetic properties under high pressure The volume left toa magnetic atom drives its microscopic properties, magnetization and http://www.esrf.fr/UsersAndScience/Experiments/XASMS/ID24/ScientificApplications

@import "/Common/template/styles/Menu.css"; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Contact Phonebook SiteMap Advanced search Scientific Applications Chemical Processes High Pressure Physics with Diamond Anvil Cells Phase Transitions Tests on Biological Applications ... Scientific Applications Magnetic Properties of Matter using X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism XMCD is one of the more innovative fields in the energy range 500 eV-2000 eV which contains the magnetically relevant edges, L -L and M -M of the usual 3d and rare-earth magnetic elements, respectively. However, the measurement of the XMCD signal in the hard X-ray range has been shown to be useful for its ability to probe selectively (with atomic as well as symmetry selectivity) the bulk of the materials due to the large penetration depth of hard X-rays. Also, XMCD in this energy range, even if the signal is far from being fully understood, can be useful in carrying out element-specific magnetometry to address specific issues not accessible by other techniques. In the specific case of ID24, the strongest lines of XMCD research in this field are directly coupled to the parallel acquisition and the focusing optics together with the penetrating power of hard X-rays. Time-resolved experiments and more recently volume-dependent XMCD (high pressure) are the strongest lines of research, not neglecting experiments where the flexibility of the quarter wave plate brings an essential advantage to collect XMCD data.

38. Nanofoam Exhibits Surprising Magnetic Properties A new form of carbon exhibits surprising magnetic properties that could make it The researchers concluded that the magnetic properties come from the http://www.pa.msu.edu/~tomanek/publicity/magfoam-14may04.html

May 2004 Issue comments or questions? email apsnews email webmaster Nanofoam Exhibits Surprising Magnetic Properties By Ernie Tretkoff A new form of carbon exhibits surprising magnetic properties that could make it useful in future spintronics or biomedical applications, researchers reported at the APS March Meeting. The material, called carbon nanofoam for its low density and web-like structure, is the only form of pure carbon known to be ferromagnetic. Carbon nanofoam is structurally distinct from the other four known forms of carbon—graphite, diamond, fullerenes ( buckyballs), and nanotubes. With a density of about 2 mg/cm , comparable to that of aerogel, carbon nanofoam is one of the lightest known solid substances. But what's most remarkable about the material, the researchers said, is that unlike other forms of carbon, the nanofoam is ferromagnetic, like a refrigerator magnet. However, at room temperature, the nanofoam's magnetization disappears a few hours after the material is produced. A collaboration of researchers from Greece and Australia produced the carbon nanofoam by shooting a high-powered, ultra-fast laser at disordered solid carbon in an argon-filled chamber.

39. Physical Properties Of Nanometer-Scale Magnets The magnetic properties of arrays of STMfabricated ferromagnetic particles arestudied as a function of their dimension using a new high sensitivity 2DHG http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~awschalom/research/nanomag.html

Submicron ferromagnets are fabricated in GaAs through manganese ion implantation and subsequent rapid thermal annealing. The figure on the above left is a room-temperature atomic force microscope image of these precipitates, which are GaMn rich and crystalline. The corresponding magnetic-force microscope image below left demonstrates that many of the precipitates are ferromagnetic. On the right is shown a plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of these precipitates. These measurements reveal that the precipitates form at the sample surface and that average diameters can be varied from 100 nm to 400 nm by changing implantation doses and annealing conditions. SQUID measurements show that after annealing the implanted semiconductor films are ferromagnetic well above 300 K, with coercive fields ranging from 1000-5000 Gauss. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) image of an array of single domain Fe magnets grown by STM deposition on top of a 2DEG Hall magnetometer. The magnets are approximately 40 nm in diameter.

40. Project: Properties Of Natural Magnetic Minerals And Acquisition Mechanisms Of T Methods Study of the magnetic properties of natural and synthetic magnetic Magnetic properties of loess and lowtemperature oxidation (post-doc Dr. van http://www.onderzoekinformatie.nl/en/oi/nod/onderzoek/OND1268820/toon

Login English KNAW Research Information NOD - Dutch Research Database ... Research entire www.onderzoekinformatie.nl site fuzzy match Project: Properties of natural magnetic minerals and acquisition mechanisms of the natural remanent magnetization Print View Titel Eigenschappen van natuurlijke magnetische mineralen en mechanismen voor het verkrijgen van de natuurlijke remanente magnetisatie Abstract Context: Paleomagnetic data constrain a number of geophysical and geological models. For truly meaningful interpretations of those data, the acquisition mechanism of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in rocks must be understood in detail, in particular with respect to the timing of NRM acquisition and the stability of the NRM on geological time scales. Aim: Understanding of the influence of early changes (diagenesis) and late changes (remagnetisation) to the NRM in sediments to enable distinction of the geomagnetic field component from the total composite NRM signal. Methods: Study of the magnetic properties of natural and synthetic magnetic minerals as a function varying applied field and temperature. Integration of mineral magnetic techniques with other mineralogical and geochemical methods.

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