41. MaNEP - Switzerland. Magnetic Fields, Superconductivity And Medical Imaging. The concept of magnetism is based on the magnetic field or what is known as a Without going into detail, the source of magnetism lies in the field http://www.manep.ch/en/technological-challenges/emfields.html

Introduction Video Neutrons Probing Matter Scanning Probe Microscopy ... Site map Magnetic fields, superconductivity and medical imaging History of magnetism Magnets are very common in our everyday environment and their existence has been known for centuries. The ancient Greeks (originally those near the city of Magnesia) and also the early Chinese had discovered strange and rare stones which had the power to attract iron. Around 1000, the Chinese even found that a steel needle could become magnetic when put into contact with one of these stones known as lodestone (magnetic iron ore). Furthermore, when freely suspended such a needle appeared to point north-south: in this way they invented the compass! The magnetic compass then spread to western Europe and C. Colombus (1451 - 1506) was one of the first to make use of it while crossing the Atlantic in 1492. He even noticed that the needle was deviating from the north (as indicated from the stars) during the trip. Later, around 1600, W. Gilbert (1544-1603), physician under Queen Elizabeth I of England, published De Magnete ("On the Magnet") which rapidly became a standard reference document on electrical and magnetic phenomena. For example, he was the first to make a clear distinction between magnetism and the amber effect (or static electricity as we call it today). Moreover, he linked the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the Earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy. According to Gilbert, magnetism was the soul of the Earth; a perfectly spherical lodestone would spin on its axis when aligned with the Earth's poles, just as the Earth spins on its axis in 24 hours... Although he didn’t express an opinion to whether this rotating Earth was at the centre of the universe or in orbit around the Sun, he was after N. Copernicus (1473-1543) one of those who inspired other famous scientists like J. Kepler (1571-1630) and later G. Galileo (1564-1642).

42. Project Links | Electricity & Magnetism Index Electicity magnetism. To find out more about what the version numbers mean, You will learn to display electric fields and examine their geometric http://links.math.rpi.edu/webhtml/EMindex.html

To find out more about what the version numbers mean, click on any of the indicators. Ampere's Law writeVersionGraphic("AmperesLaw"); v writeVersionNumber("AmperesLaw"); This module will help you learn what Ampere's Law is and how to use it to calculate the magnetic field given the distribution of electric current. After finishing you will know how to choose an appropriate Amperian loop, and know how to use Ampere's law physically and mathematically. Authors: Mike Malak, Joe Haus Keywords : physics Learning Level: College Platform: Project Links base technical requirements Applets: [ Full Metadata ] Electric Field writeVersionGraphic("ElectricField"); v writeVersionNumber("ElectricField"); In this module you will learn many of the physical characteristics of electric fields. By the end of the module you will understand how electric field is defined by the electric force on a charge, that electric field is a vector, an electric field is produced by a charge or a distribution of charges, and how the magnitude and direction of the field depend on the geometry of the distribution of sources. You will learn to display electric fields and examine their geometric properties, understand how field lines represent the strength and direction of the field. Given an electric field, you will be able to deduce the presence and relative magnitudes of hidden charges producing it.

43. Physics - Electricity And Magnetism Electricity and magnetism (last updated 2005 August 12). Chapter 1. Electric fields 8.4, Charged Particle in an Electric and a Magnetic Field http://orca.phys.uvic.ca/~tatum/elmag.html

Physics topics by J. B. Tatum universe@uvvm.uvic.ca Home Stellar Atmospheres Celestial Mechanics ... Max Fairbairn's Planetary Photometry Electricity and Magnetism (last updated : 2005 August 12) Chapter 1. Electric Fields Introduction Triboelectric Effect Experiments with Pith Balls Experiments with a Gold-leaf Electroscope Coulomb’s Law Electric Field E Field of a Point Charge Spherical Charge Distributions A Long, Charged Rod Field on the Axis of a Ring Charge Field on the Axis of a Uniformly Charged Disc Field of a Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet Electric Field D Flux Gauss’s Theorem Chapter 2. Electrostatic Potential Introduction Potential Near Various Charged Bodies Point Charge Spherical Charge Distributions Long Charged Rod Large Plane Charged Sheet Axis of a Charged Ring Axis of a Charged Disc Electron-volts A Point Charge and an Infinite Conducting Plane A Point Charge and a Conducting Sphere Two Semicylindrical Electrodes Chapter 3. Dipole and Quadrupole Moments Introduction Mathematical Definition of Dipole Moment Oscillation of a Dipole in an Electric Field Potential Energy of a Dipole in an Electric Field Force on a Dipole in an Inhomogeneous Electric Field Induced Dipoles and Polarizability The Simple Dipole Quadrupole Moment Potential at a Large Distance from a Charged Body Chapter 4.

44. Arbor Scientific - Magnetic Field Viewers - Magnetic Accessories Use the Magnetic Field Observation Box to study magnetic fields in three dimensions . Magnetic Mysteries magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, http://www.arborsci.com/Products_Pages/Magnetism/MagnetismBuy5.htm

Subject Areas Questions? Call us at 1-800-367-6695 Additional Information Magnetic Field Viewer Magnetic Mysteries Remagnetizer Magnetic Field Observation Box Forget the mess of iron filings and the constraints of two-dimensional representations of magnetic fields - this self-contained device reveals the proper, three-dimensional nature of magnetic lines of force. The sealed acrylic box contains iron filings suspended in a silicone oil solution. A cylindrical magnet (included) is dropped into a central chamber to create the three-dimensional field. Other magnets can be applied to the sides or ends of the box to demonstrate interesting interactions between fields. Although primarily designed for individual study, the observation box can also be placed on an overhead projector for a two-dimensional demonstration of the field (4" x 2" x 2") Activities and uses Use the Magnetic Field Observation Box to study magnetic fields in three dimensions. Look at the field from a single provided magnet or bring iron or another magnet near and see the results. A sample activity from the datasheet is given below.

45. Magnetism And The Sun: Magnetic Fields The magnetism and the Sun Activity explores the basic principles of magnetismand how they apply to the Sun. http://solar-center.stanford.edu/magnetism/magneticfields.html

Magnetic Fields Next-> Home Introduction Magnetic Force ... Bibliography One way to describe magnetism is through magnetic fields . A magnetic field defines the magnetic force, the "push" or "pull," felt by a particle independent of its charge and velocity (the speed and direction of the particle) due to the presence of other moving charges. The stronger the field, the stronger the magnetic force felt by the particle. Likewise, the weaker the field, the weaker the magnetic force. In addition to describing the strength of magnetic force at various points in space, the magnetic field also describes the direction of the force on a particle with respect to its velocity. Magnetic fields can be visualized using magnetic field lines . These lines are curves where: At every given point the tangent (the line that intersects the curve only at the given point for an infinitesimal distance) is in the same direction as the magnetic field . If one were to place a compass in a magnetic field, the needle would point tangential to the magnetic field line. The magnetic field magnitude is proportional to the density of the lines.

46. Magnetism And The Sun: Magnetism On The Sun The magnetism and the Sun Activity explores the basic principles of magnetism in magnetic fields, we can now focus on magnetism particular to the Sun. http://solar-center.stanford.edu/magnetism/magnetismsun.html

Magnetism on the Sun Next-> Home Introduction Magnetic Fields ... Bibliography Combining our understanding of the basic features of magnetism, specifically magnetic fields, magnetic force, and the storage of energy in magnetic fields, we can now focus on magnetism particular to the Sun. Magnetic reconnection One important aspect of magnetism on the Sun is magnetic reconnection , which can be better understood if we first examine what plasma is. Plasma is a state of matter occurring at high temperatures where electrons are not bound to the nucleus. As a result, ions and electrons are free to move about the material. The free movement of charges makes plasma highly conductive, thereby causing magnetic field lines to be "frozen" into the plasma. In reconnection, fluid motions in plasma bring together two "frozen" and oppositely directed magnetic field lines. These field lines then reconnect into a lower energy state. As we found out in the Magnet Acrobatics activity, magnetic fields can store energy. Energy is stored in reconnection when the "frozen" field lines become distorted as a result of fluid motion. Reconnection reduces the amount of distortion, which in turn causes energy to be released. This can be illustrated in the following activity with rubber bands. Reconnecting Rubber Bands - Since magnetic reconnection occurs in plasmas, which cannot be feasibly produced in a high school lab, we will have to be content with an activity using rubber bands to model magnetic reconnection. This activity requires two people.

47. 8.02T > TEAL At MIT Visualizing Electricity and magnetism at MIT Our visualizations are organizedinto five categories Vector fields, Electrostatics, Magnetostatics, http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm

Guided Tour Vector Fields Electrostatics Magnetostatics ... Resources Technology Enabled Active Learning Visualizing Electricity and Magnetism at MIT We are using visualizations in teaching physics interactively in freshman courses at MIT (classes of 500 students). We combine desktop experiments with visualizations of those experiments to "make the unseen seen". Our pedagogy utilizes the following elements: Collaborative learning students work in groups of 3, with 9 students sitting at a round table and discussing electromagnetic phenomena. Networked laptaps, one for each group of 3, with data acquisition links to desktop experiments that students perform and analyze. Media-rich software for multimedia visualization, delivered via class laptops and the Web. Extensive course notes with links to the visualizations. Assessment showing learning gains a factor of 2 higher than traditional instruction.

48. USATODAY.com - Magical Magnetism, Electron 'spin' And Easy Iron Paths All atoms have electrons with electron spin and magnetic fields due to their orbits When we take the magnet away from pure iron, its magnetism goes away http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/aprilholladay/2005-04-01-wonderquest_x.ht

OAS_listpos = "PageCount,NavBottom120x90,Top728x90,Zaplet1,FloatBottom,Bottom468x60,VerticalBanner,Poster3"; Classifieds: Cars Jobs Dating USA TODAY ... Weather Tech Products Products home Edward C. Baig Jinny Gudmundsen Marc Saltzman Wireless Center Hotspot finder Wi-Fi primer Columnists Columnists index Andrew Kantor Kim Komando Kevin Maney ... WonderQuest More Tech Hot Sites Tech briefs Shareware Shelf Ask Kim Komando ... Classifieds Marketplace Music Shopping Special Offer Newspaper ... Classifieds Posted 4/1/2005 9:16 AM Updated 4/1/2005 10:59 AM WONDERQUEST More Columns Read previous columns explaining life, the universe and everything else in April's archive Today's Top Tech Stories Mission Control empties out as Rita nears Political bloggers say FEC shouldn't regulate speech Guide aims to help bloggers beat censors Gaming's bygone era relived with Atari gadget ... Add USATODAY.com RSS feeds E-Mail Newsletters Sign up to receive our free Tech e-newsletter E-mail: Select one: HTML Text OAS_AD("VerticalBanner");

49. The Nucleus Subject Electricity magnetism / Electric fields and Potential. Post a comment.Developed as a part of the MIT TEAL/Studio Physics Project, http://www.compadre.org/student/search/search.cfm?gs=224&b=1

50. MSN Encarta - Magnetism magnetism, an aspect of electromagnetism, one of the fundamental forces of nature . Magnetic fields are used to change the paths of charged particles in http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552678/Magnetism.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Electromagnet Electromagnetic Radiation more... Further Reading Search for books and more related to Magnetism Encarta Search Search Encarta about Magnetism Advertisement document.write(' Magnetism Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 5 items Article Outline Introduction History of Study Electromagnetic Theory The Magnetic Field ... Applications I Introduction Print Preview of Section Magnetism , an aspect of electromagnetism, one of the fundamental forces of nature. Magnetic forces are produced by the motion of charged particles such as electrons, indicating the close relationship between electricity and magnetism. The unifying frame for these two forces is called electromagnetic theory ( see Electromagnetic Radiation ). The most familiar evidence of magnetism is the attractive or repulsive force observed to act between magnetic materials such as iron. More subtle effects of magnetism, however, are found in all matter. In recent times these effects have provided important clues to the atomic structure of matter. II History of Study Print Preview of Section The phenomenon of magnetism has been known of since ancient times. The mineral lodestone (

51. MSN Encarta - Electricity Electricity produces magnetic effects and magnetism produces electric effects . If the wire is placed between the poles, the magnetic fields interact to http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566543_7/Electricity.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Current (electric) Electric Lighting more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Electricity Search for books and more related to Electricity Encarta Search Search Encarta about Electricity Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Electricity ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 7 of 9 Electricity Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 11 items Article Outline Introduction Electric Charge Static Electricity Electric Current ... History C Field Strength The strength, or intensity, of a field at any point is defined as the force exerted on a charge of 1 coulomb placed at that point. For example, if a point charge of 1 coulomb is subjected to a force of 10 newtons, the electric field is 10 newtons per coulomb at that point. An object with a charge of 5 coulombs would be subjected to a force of 50 newtons at the same point. Field strength is represented graphically by the closeness (density) of the lines of force. Where the lines are close together, the field is strong. Where they are far apart, the field is weak. Near a charge, the field is strong and the lines are close together. At greater distances from the charge, the field weakens and the lines are not as close together. The field strength values that the lines represent are relative, since a field can be drawn with as many lines as desired.

52. PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY FORUMS (WITH A CONCENTRATION ON ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM) Magnetic fields have a profound effect on the development and growth of all living Experiments done by Davis and Rawls showed magnetism can be used to http://physicsastronomy.com/read.php?f=4&i=181&t=181

53. Chapter 1: Magnetism Heat up the pin or screwdriver to show how heat destroys the magnetism. Magnetic fields exist because somewhere electrons are moving. http://www.scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/magnets/magnets.html

Experimenting with magnetorheological fluids. Suspending a magnet in mid-air. Levitating pyrolytic graphite. A Gauss Rifle: A Magnetic Linear Accelerator. ... The Ring Launcher and the Zip Rod. Magnets and magnetism We have all played with magnets. A pair of magnets by itself makes a wonderful toy. Today's magnets are even better than the best ones I remember playing with as a child. At toy stores and Radio Shack you can get flexible magnetic strips of plastic that can be cut into shapes with scissors. You can also get cheap and brittle ceramic magnets, stronger Alnico magnets, and even the new super strong rare-earth magnets. These are made of neodymium-iron-boron or samarium-cobalt, and are very powerful. At the end of this section I will list some sources I have found for good or cheap (or good and cheap) magnets. Some particularly nice tiny ones can be found in our catalog Through mail-order surplus houses you can get large neodymium-iron-boron magnets of incredible strength. For about five dollars each you can get magnets that will hold paperback books onto your refrigerator, or drag each other around a two-inch thick table, one on top of the table and one hidden underneath. I once entertained my guests and several waiters at a restaurant by mysteriously moving the stainless flatware around the table. People are not used to the effects of powerful magnets. They are amazed even when they can see what you are doing. Because of their high strength-to-weight ratios, neodymium-iron-boron magnets seem to be little affected by gravity. Small ones can be placed on either side of a nose and will stay there until the wearer laughs so hard they slide upwards against gravity and snap together. Temporary earrings are also popular. Handle larger magnets with care, since they will pinch hard enough to cause blisters if they are separated only by small bits of skin. They are also easily capable of erasing the magnetically stored information on credit cards, computer floppy disks, and cassette tapes, so take care when selecting a pocket for them.

54. Fizzics Fizzle: Advanced: Electricity And Magnetism: Magnetic Fields You have a basic understanding of the magnetic field already but we will review the A moving charge, or a current, creates a magnetic field around it. http://library.thinkquest.org/16600/advanced/magneticfields.shtml

Bookmark This Page on Your Contents Bar! Magnetic Fields Return to the Fizzics Fizzle Main Page. Return to the Advanced Level Page. You have a basic understanding of the magnetic field already but we will review the relationship between it and the electric field and then venture into more involved concepts. It is now known that all magnetic phenomena result from forces between moving electric charges. The work of Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) has shown that magnetic effects could be created by moving electric charges. Michael Faraday (1791-1867) and Joseph Henry (1797-1878) showed that currents could be produced by moving magnets. In describing the interaction of two charges at rest, we introduced the electric field, and described interaction in two stages: One charge creates an electric field E around it. The electric field exerts a force F qE on a charge q placed in the field. With interactions of charges in motion we get: A moving charge, or a current, creates a magnetic field around it. The magnetic field exerts a force on a moving charge or a current in the field. Now just like an electric field, a magnetic field is a vector field with a vector quantity associated with every point in space. We use the symbol

55. Magnetism And Induction Magnetic fields are measured in Tesla 1 T field exists when 1 meter of The generalized equation for a generator is Motion + magnetism = Electricity http://online.cctt.org/physicslab/content/PhyAPB/review/summaries/Magnetism.asp

APB Review Sessions Magnetism and Induction Curriculum Guide Web Resources Resource Lessons: Magnetism Forces on Moving Charges Current Carrying Wires Induction ... Motors and Generators Physlets: Forces on Moving Charges Induction Coil Amusing Problems: Magnetic Forces NextTime Questions: Magnetism and Induction Worksheets: Magnetic Forces CP: Magnetism Induction CP: Transformers Magnetic fields are measured in Tesla - 1 T field exists when 1 meter of wire carrying 1 amp of current experiences 1 N of magnetism force. B fields into the plane of the paper are represented by X B fields out of the plane of the paper are represented by moving charges experience magnetic forces F = q v B = q v B sin q RHR - thumb points in direction of the positive particle's velocity, fingers in the direction of B , and palm in the direction of the force F B = F C that is, moving charges are forced into circular paths while traveling through magnetic fields - paths are usually described as cw or ccw q v B = m ( v ² / r ) the time required for one revolution in these circular paths is independent of the particle's velocity v = (2 p r) T the radius of the particle's circular path is directly proportional to the particles mv, and inversely proportional to the particle's charge and the strength of the magnetic field

56. Magnetism Resource Lesson magnetism. Magnetic fields can be defined as the regions surroundinga magnet where another magnet or a moving electric charge will feel a http://online.cctt.org/physicslab/content/PhyAPB/lessonnotes/magnetism/magnetism

Resource Lesson Magnetism Magnetic fields can be defined as the regions surrounding a magnet where another magnet or a moving electric charge will feel a force of attraction or repulsion. The strengths of magnetic fields are measured in a unit called Teslas, T. In formulas, the strength of a magnetic field is represented by the variable B As shown below, magnetic field lines emerge from the North pole of a magnet and enter the South pole. Field lines can be visualized by sprinkling small iron filings over a magnet as shown in the following animation sponsored by the magnetic resonance lab at FSU. When a compass (or any freely floating bar magnet) points north, it is actually aligning its north pole to the Earth's magnetic south pole. Yes, the Earth's geographic north pole is a magnetic south pole. Magnetic field lines surrounding poles that have the same polarity repel just like those between similarly charged particles and are hyperbolic in shape. Conversely, field lines between poles having the opposite polarity attract and are elliptical in shape. This can be visualized with this second animation from the Molecular Expressions gallery at FSU.

57. Magnetism Science Learning Kits Create motors, compasses, magnetic levitation, force fields, 10) A DifferentWay to Get magnetism Use electricity to create magnetic fields. http://www.homeschoolscience.com/homeschool_science/magnetism.html

from Stratton House - The Magnetism Adventure On this Page: Description Ordering Table of Contents Equipment List Go To: Home Page Product List FAQs Site Map ... Triple Sets T HE M AGNETISM A DVENTURE "My husband does Science with our kids twice a week. He's having fun with it because he can just get out the box and he's ready to go." In MAGNETISM you will: FEEL the FORCE with your extra strong ceramic magnets! Use the power of magnetism to CREATE LEVITATION! See a magnet's INVISIBLE FORCE FIELDS with encased iron filings! Pace off a TREASURE MAP with your magnetic compass! Create works of genius with your MAGNETIC SCULPTURE! Make a hand-held MAGNETIC MOTOR! and enjoy many more experiments. (not shown) This mini-course takes your children from "opposite poles attract", all the way through electromagnets and making their own motor. Comes with 20 experiments in 13 lessons, parent guide, and enough equipment for two children working together to share. Grades 1-8. The lessons were tested with homeschool students at School Works Learning Center, where the students loved them! See this kit's: Table of Contents Equipment List Extra Parts Quantity Discounts ... Triple Set See a Sample Lesson Read a Mini-Review T HE M AGNETISM A DVENTURE (You can always take it out later.)

58. DC Physics Help - Solved Magnetism Problems A collection of magnetism problems and solutions. Thermodynamics Optics Electric fields Magnetic fields Electric Circuits Vibrations and Waves http://www.dctech.com/physics/help/magnetism/

ADD Your Page HOME Practice Problems Monthly Features ... About DC Physics Magnetism Problems Make a Magnetism Review Test HELP HOME PAGE Make a Practice Test Introductory Topics ... Vibrations and Waves Long Wires Force Between Parallel Wires

59. Elsevier.com - Theoretical Foundations Of Molecular Magnetism those scientists and students working in the field of molecular magnetism who Magnetic quantities Thermodynamic relationships - Alternating fields http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/620267

Home Site map Regional Sites Advanced Product Search ... Theoretical Foundations of Molecular Magnetism Book information Product description Audience Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MOLECULAR MAGNETISM http://books.elsevier.com/elsevier/?isbn=0444502297 By Prof R. Boča , Dept of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Technical University, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia Included in series Current Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, 1 Description Magnetochemistry is a highly interdisciplinary field that attracts the interest of chemists, physicists and material scientists. Although the general strategy of theoretical molecular magnetism has been in place for decades, its performance for extended systems of interacting magnetic units can be very complicated. Professor Boca's book treats the "mosaic" of the theoretical approaches currently used in the field. This book presents a review of the theoretical concepts of molecular magnetism. The first chapter of the book recapitulates the necessary mathematical background. An overview of macroscopic magnetic properties is then presented. Formulation of magnetic parameters and methods of their calculation are given, followed by a brief summary of magnetic behaviour. The core of the book deals with the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility for mononuclear complexes, dimers, and exchange-coupled clusters.

60. Electricity And Magnetism, An Online Physics Textbook. Electricity and magnetism, an online physics textbook. 6.1 The Magnetic Field6.2* Calculating Magnetic fields and Forces 6.3 Induction http://www.lightandmatter.com/area1book4.html

Home Physics Astronomy Courses Physics Contents Why a new book? 1. Newtonian Physics 2. Conservation Laws ... Links Electricity and Magnetism Download in Acrobat format. Contents Buy CD-ROM or printed copies Answer checker View or submit errata ... Editable format Download Step 1: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license , except for those photographs and drawings of which I am not the author, as listed in the photo credits. If you do not read and agree to the license, you do not have permission to download the book. Step 2: If you don't already have it, download the free Adobe Reader software for displaying documents in Adobe Acrobat format Step 3: right-click here to download the book (2.6 Mb, about 15 minutes on a modem). If you're using a different browser or operating system, click here for instructions, then hit the back button in your browser. Many modem users have problems downloading large files, since their ISP drops their connection without warning. Sorry, but there's not much I can do about this. The only solution is to download the book over a more reliable connection, e.g., at school or the public library. Contents Note: See Simple Nature for coverage of the following topics: the Biot-Savart law, LRC circuits, Maxwell's equations.

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